JP2021175811A - 冷凍機油 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
[式(I)中、Ra、Rb及びRcは、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は炭化水素基を表し、Rdは酸素含有有機基又は炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基を表す。]
[式(I)中、Ra、Rb及びRcは、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は炭化水素基を表し、Rdは酸素含有有機基又は炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基を表す。]
[式(1)中、R1、R2及びR3は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子又は炭化水素基を表し、R4は二価の炭化水素基又は二価のエーテル結合酸素含有炭化水素基を表し、R5は炭化水素基を表し、mは0以上の整数を表す。mが2以上である場合には、複数のR4は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[式(4)中、R11、R21及びR31は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子又は炭素数1〜8の炭化水素基を示し、R41は炭素数1〜10の二価の炭化水素基又は二価のエーテル結合酸素含有炭化水素基を示し、R51は炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基を示し、mは式(1)中のmと同一の定義内容を示す。mが2以上の場合には、複数のR41は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
[式(6)中、R12,R22及びR32は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子又は炭素数1〜8の炭化水素基を示し、R42は炭素数1〜10の二価の炭化水素基又は二価のエーテル結合酸素含有炭化水素基を示し、R52は炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基を示し、mは式(1)中のmと同一の定義内容を示す。mが2以上の場合には、複数のR41は同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
(a)一方の末端が式(4)又は(5)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(6)又は(7)で表される構造を有し、式(1)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0〜4の整数、R4が炭素数2〜4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(b)式(1)で表される構造単位のみを有するものであって、一方の末端が式(4)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(6)で表される構造を有し、式(1)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0〜4の整数、R4が炭素数2〜4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(c)一方の末端が式(4)又は(5)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(8)で表される構造を有し、式(1)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0〜4の整数、R4が炭素数2〜4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(d)式(1)で表される構造単位のみを有するものであって、一方の末端が式(5)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(8)で表される構造を有し、式(1)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0〜4の整数、R4が炭素数2〜4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(e)上記(a),(b),(c)及び(d)のいずれかであって、式(1)におけるR5が炭素数1〜3の炭化水素基である構造単位と該R5が炭素数3〜20の炭化水素基である構造単位とを有するポリビニルエーテル。
Rα−[(ORβ)f−ORγ]g (9)
[式(9)中、Rαは水素原子、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数2〜10のアシル基又は2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基を表し、Rβは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基を表し、Rγは水素原子、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基又は炭素数2〜10のアシル基を表し、fは1〜80の整数を表し、gは1〜8の整数を表す。]
[式(I)中、Ra、Rb及びRcは、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は炭化水素基を表し、Rdは酸素含有有機基又は炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基を表す。]
[式(II)中、Reは二価の炭化水素基又は二価のエーテル結合酸素含有炭化水素基を表し、Rfは炭化水素基を表し、nは0以上の整数を表す。nが2以上である場合、複数のReは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
(A)Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがエチル基である構造単位と、Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがn−ブチル基である構造単位と、Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがi−ブチル基(2−メチルプロピル基)である構造単位とを有する共重合体。
(B)Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがエチル基である構造単位と、Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがプロピル基である構造単位とを有する共重合体。
(C)Ra及びRbが水素原子であり、Rc及びRdがメチル基である構造単位と、Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがi−オクチル基(例えば2−エチルヘキシル基)である構造単位とを有する共重合体。
(D)Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがエチル基である構造単位と、Ra及びRbが水素原子であり、Rcがメチル基であり、Rdがグリシジル基である構造単位とを有する共重合体。
(E)Ra〜Rcが水素原子であり、Rdがi−ブチル基(2−メチルプロピル基)である構造単位と、Ra及びRbが水素原子であり、Rcがメチル基であり、Rdがメトキシエチル基である構造単位とを有する共重合体。
(基油)
A1:ペンタエリスリトールと2−メチルプロパン酸/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸(モル比:50/50)とのポリオールエステル(40℃動粘度:56mm2/s、100℃動粘度:7.1mm2/s、粘度指数:81)
A2:ペンタエリスリトールと2−エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸(モル比:50/50)とのポリオールエステル(40℃動粘度:68mm2/s、100℃動粘度:8.3mm2/s、粘度指数:88)
A3:エチルビニルエーテル重合体(数平均分子量(Mn):1900、重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)との比(Mw/Mn):1.29、40℃動粘度:71mm2/s、100℃動粘度:8.6mm2/s、粘度指数:89)
A4:ポリプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(数平均分子量(Mn):1000、40℃動粘度:46.0mm2/s、粘度指数:190、流動点:−45℃、引火点:218℃)
(添加剤)
B1〜B7:表1に示すアクリレート系ポリマー
なお、表1中の略称の意味は、以下のとおりである。
AC2:アクリル酸エチル
AnC4:アクリル酸ブチル
AEtOM:アクリル酸エトキシメチル
MAC1:メタクリル酸メチル
MAnC4:メタクリル酸ブチル
MAnC6:メタクリル酸へキシル
MAiC8:メタクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル
MAnC18:メタクリル酸ステアリル
MAnC20:メタクリル酸エイコシル
耐摩耗性試験は、実コンプレッサと類似の冷媒雰囲気にできる、神鋼造機(株)製の高圧雰囲気摩擦試験機(回転ベーン材と固定ディスク材との回転しゅう動方式)を用いた。評価冷媒としては、R410A、R32、HFO−1234yf、CO2及びR290のいずれかを使用し、ベーン材としてSKH−51、ディスク材としてFC250を用い、試験油量600mL、試験温度90℃、試験容器内圧力1.6MPa、回転数550rpm、負荷荷重90kgf、試験時間1時間の条件で試験を行った。
なお、R290の試験は、安全性の観点から、n−ヘキサンを代替として用い、n−ヘキサンを冷凍機油に対して20容量%配合した。また、試験容器内圧力を常圧より若干高い圧力とした以外は、上記の他の冷媒についての条件と同じ条件で試験を行った。
耐摩耗性の評価は、ディスク材の摩耗量が極めて少ないことから、ベーン材の摩耗深さ(μm)によって行った。ベーン材の摩耗深さが小さいほど(R410A使用時は例えば12μm以下、R32使用時は例えば13μm以下、好ましくは10.3μm以下、HFO−1234yf使用時は例えば15μm以下、R290使用時は例えば16μm以下、CO2使用時は例えば17μm以下)、耐摩耗性に優れているといえる。
図2に示す装置を用いた。冷媒タンク11にR410A冷媒を充填し、長さ1.5m、内径0.0036mの銅配管12のうち恒温槽15に浸漬している部分12aに冷凍機油5.0gを充填した。恒温槽15の温度を−20℃に設定し、冷媒タンク11から油受17へ向けて毎分0.001m3の流量で冷媒を銅配管12内に流した。この際、冷媒の流量を流量計13で、冷媒タンク11と恒温槽15との間の銅配管12内の圧力を圧力計14で、恒温槽15と油受17との間の銅配管12内の圧力を圧力計16で、それぞれ監視した。冷媒を流し始めてから30分後に、油受17に溜まった冷凍機油の質量を測定し、以下の式に従って油戻り率を算出した。油戻り率が大きいほど(例えば40質量%以上)、油戻り性に優れているといえる。
油戻り率(質量%)=(油受に溜まった冷凍機油の質量(g)/5.0(g))×100
Claims (4)
- 炭化水素冷媒及び自然系冷媒から選ばれる少なくとも1種の冷媒と、
請求項1に記載の冷凍機油と、
を含有する冷凍機用作動流体組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の冷凍機油を含有する冷凍機。
- 請求項2に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物を含有する冷凍機。
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