JP2021145437A - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/15—Indicating that frequency of pulses is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values, by making use of non-linear or digital elements (indicating that pulse width is above or below a certain limit)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
- H02H3/353—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system involving comparison of phase voltages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
- H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態の電力変換装置の一構成例を概略的に示す図である。
なお、図1では、電力系統4および負荷5に対して複数の電力変換装置1が接続された例を示している。負荷5は、種々の需要者にて使用される負荷を適用することが可能であり、例えば一般家庭や商業施設や工業施設や医療施設などにおいて、プラグを介して電力が供給されるような種々の電子機器や、施設に設置された照明機器、エレベータ、空調設備など、電力により動作する種々の機器を適用することができる。
主回路2は、分散電源7と、インバータ6と、リアクトルFLと、トランスTRと、コンデンサFCと、を備えている。
出力周波数パターンは、周波数を予め設定された周波数変化率で変化させる期間TA、TCを少なくとも含む。図2に示す例では、出力周波数パターンは、周波数上限値又は周波数下限値の一定値とする期間TBを更に含んでいる。ここでは、インバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θに対して、系統電圧Vgの位相θgが進んでいるときに、位相θを位相θgに同期させる出力周波数パターンの例を示している。
自立運転判定部29は、電力系統4の系統電圧Vgの値および周波数fgの値を取得し(ステップSA1)、系統電圧Vgの値と周波数fgの値とが正常範囲(所定の上限値以下であって所定の下限値以上)であるかを判定し(ステップSA2)、電力系統4が正常であるか停電であるかを監視する。
続いて、自立運転判定部29は、電力変換装置1が自立運転中であるか否か(自立運転フラグが「0」であるか「1」であるか)を判断し(ステップSA4)、自立運転中であれば自立運転フラグが「1」の状態を継続させ、電力変換装置1の自立運転を継続させる(ステップSA5)。
続いて、自立運転判定部29は、電力変換装置1が連系運転中であるか否か(自立運転フラグが「0」であるか「1」であるか)を判断し(ステップSA9)、連系運転中であれば自立運転フラグが「0」の状態を継続させ、電力変換装置1の連系運転を継続させる(ステップSA10)。
停電フラグが「1」から「0」となり、自立運転フラグが「1」であるとき、出力周波数パターン演算部25は、現在(復電時)の系統電圧Vgの位相θgと、インバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθを演算し(ステップSA13)、上述の式(1)、(3)、(6)又は式(10)、(11)を用いて、インバータ6の出力電圧Vの出力周波数パターンを生成する(ステップSA14)。
ここでは、電力系統4が復電したタイミングで、系統電圧Vgの位相θgとインバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθが180°であるときに、出力周波数パターンに沿ってインバータ6の出力電圧Vの周波数fを変化させて、系統電圧Vgに同期させるシミュレーション結果の一例を示している。
なお、以下の説明において上述の第1実施形態と同様の構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
例えば、電力系統4が復電した直後は系統電圧Vgが不安定である可能性があるため、出力周波数パターンの期間TCが終了したタイミングにおいて、系統電圧Vgの位相θgとインバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθが、所定の閾値よりも大きい場合があり得る。
ここでは、電力系統4が復電したタイミングで、系統電圧Vgの位相θgとインバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθが180°であるときに、出力周波数パターンに沿ってインバータ6の出力電圧Vの周波数fを変化させて、系統電圧Vgに同期させるシミュレーション結果の一例を示している。
本実施形態では、電力系統4が復電したときに電力変換装置1を自立運転から連系運転に切り替えるときの動作が上述の第1実施形態と異なっている。
ステップSB14の後、若しくは、ステップSB11にて電圧正常判定の立ち上がりではないと判断されたとき、自立運転判定部29は、系統電圧Vgの位相θgと、インバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθが所定の閾値以下であるか否か判断する(ステップSB15)。
ここでは、電力系統4が復電したタイミングで、系統電圧Vgの位相θgとインバータ6の出力電圧Vの位相θとの位相差Δθが180°であるときに、出力周波数パターンに沿ってインバータ6の出力電圧Vの周波数fを変化させて、系統電圧Vgに同期させるシミュレーション結果の他の例を示している。
Claims (4)
- 電源と、
前記電源から供給される直流電力と電力系統から供給される交流電力とを相互に変換するインバータと、
前記インバータの交流端と前記電力系統からの入力端と間に延びた交流ラインの電気的接続状態を切り替える開閉器と、
前記インバータの出力電圧を検出する第1電圧検出器と、
前記電力系統の系統電圧を検出する第2電圧検出器と、
前記インバータと前記開閉器との動作を制御する制御回路と、を備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記電力系統の系統電圧および周波数の値に基づいて、前記電力系統が停電か否かを判断する自立運転判定部と、
前記電力系統が復電したときに、前記インバータの出力電圧の位相と前記系統電圧の位相との位相差を演算し、前記位相差を用いて前記インバータの出力電圧の周波数を変化させる出力周波数パターンを生成する出力周波数パターン演算部と、を備え、
前記自立運転判定部により前記電力系統が復電したと判断されたときに、前記出力周波数パターンに沿って前記インバータの出力電圧の周波数が変化するように、前記インバータを制御して前記位相差が閾値以下となった後に前記開閉器を投入させる、電力変換装置。 - 前記出力周波数パターンは、周波数を予め設定された周波数変化率で変化させる期間を含む、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記出力周波数パターンは、周波数上限値又は周波数下限値の一定値とする期間を更に含む、請求項2記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記出力周波数パターンに沿って前記インバータの出力電圧の周波数を制御した後、前記自立運転判定部により前記位相差が所定の閾値よりも大きいと判断されたとき、前記出力周波数パターン演算部は、前記位相差を再度演算し、再度演算された前記位相差を用いて前記インバータの出力電圧の周波数を変化させる第2出力周波数パターンを生成する、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
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JP2020041699A JP7387497B2 (ja) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | 電力変換装置 |
US17/073,605 US11527966B2 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-10-19 | Power conversion apparatus that judges system power failure based on system frequency and voltage |
CN202011193095.5A CN113394998A (zh) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-10-30 | 电力变换装置 |
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JP2020041699A JP7387497B2 (ja) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | 電力変換装置 |
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US11923789B2 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2024-03-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Power converter |
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JPH089648A (ja) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-12 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | 分散電源の運転制御方法 |
JP2001008464A (ja) * | 1999-06-15 | 2001-01-12 | Sharp Corp | 系統連系インバータ装置 |
JP2015104292A (ja) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 株式会社明電舎 | 交直変換装置の同期制御回路 |
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JP2006101634A (ja) | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 分散型電源装置 |
US9923357B2 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2018-03-20 | Kyocera Corporation | Power supply system, distributed power source system, management apparatus, and power supply control method |
JP6631311B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社明電舎 | 発電システム |
JP7000689B2 (ja) | 2017-03-10 | 2022-01-19 | 株式会社明電舎 | 水力発電システムにおける自立/連系運転自動切換装置 |
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- 2020-03-11 JP JP2020041699A patent/JP7387497B2/ja active Active
- 2020-10-19 US US17/073,605 patent/US11527966B2/en active Active
- 2020-10-30 CN CN202011193095.5A patent/CN113394998A/zh not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH089648A (ja) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-12 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | 分散電源の運転制御方法 |
JP2001008464A (ja) * | 1999-06-15 | 2001-01-12 | Sharp Corp | 系統連系インバータ装置 |
JP2015104292A (ja) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 株式会社明電舎 | 交直変換装置の同期制御回路 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11923789B2 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2024-03-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Power converter |
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CN113394998A (zh) | 2021-09-14 |
JP7387497B2 (ja) | 2023-11-28 |
US20210288592A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
US11527966B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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