JP2021127293A - 嗅覚受容体を介した発汗制御 - Google Patents
嗅覚受容体を介した発汗制御 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021127293A JP2021127293A JP2020020740A JP2020020740A JP2021127293A JP 2021127293 A JP2021127293 A JP 2021127293A JP 2020020740 A JP2020020740 A JP 2020020740A JP 2020020740 A JP2020020740 A JP 2020020740A JP 2021127293 A JP2021127293 A JP 2021127293A
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Abstract
Description
[1] 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを含む、発汗調節剤。
[2] 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアゴニストを含む、[1]に記載の発汗調節剤。
[3] 発汗調節剤が発汗促進剤である、[1]に記載の発汗調節剤。
[4] 前記アゴニストがβ-イオノンである、[1]〜[3]の何れか1に記載の発汗調節剤。
[5] 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアンタゴニストを含む、[1]に記載の発汗調節剤。
[6] 発汗調節剤が発汗抑制剤である、[5]に記載の発汗調節剤。
[7] 前記アンタゴニストがα-イオノンである、[1]、[5]及び[6]の何れか1に記載の発汗調節剤。
[8] 発汗調節剤のスクリーニング方法であって、以下:
(1)被験物質と、嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体タンパク質とを接触させる工程、
(2)前記被験物質と、前記受容体タンパク質との結合性を測定する工程、及び
(3)前記測定した結合性を指標として、前記被験物質を発汗調節剤の候補物質として選択する工程
を含む、スクリーニング方法。
また、本発明によれば、嗅覚受容体タンパク質(以下、「嗅覚受容体」と略記することもある)である、OR6C74タンパク質(以下、「OR6C74」と略記することもある)、OR51A7タンパク質(以下、「OR51A7」と略記することもある)、又はOR4A15タンパク質(以下、「OR4A15」と略記することもある)を用いた、発汗調節剤の候補物質のスクリーニング方法を提供することができる。本発明のスクリーニング方法を用いることで、人体に無害であり且つ有効な発汗制御効果を発揮することができる物質を取得することが可能となる。
本発明の発汗調節剤は、嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを含む。本明細書において、「嗅覚受容体」とはGタンパク質共役型受容体(以下、「GPCR」と略記することもある)の属する受容体であり、より詳細には、クラスA;ロドプシン様受容体である。
本明細書において、「OR51A7」とは、Olfactory Receptor Family 51 Subfamily A Member 7に分類される嗅覚受容体タンパク質(配列番号4)であり、該タンパク質をコードする核酸を、「OR51A7遺伝子」(配列番号3)ともいう。
本明細書において、「OR4A15」とは、Olfactory Receptor Family 4 Subfamily A Member 15に分類される嗅覚受容体タンパク質(配列番号5)であり、該タンパク質をコードする核酸を、「OR4A15遺伝子」(配列番号6)ともいう。
本発明の剤は、特定の受容体(R6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)に対するアゴニストを含む場合、発汗促進剤として機能する。該発汗促進剤は、例えば、先天性/遺伝性、又は後天性の無汗症の予防あるいは治療に用いることができ、好ましくは、突発性の無汗症の、より好ましくは、後天性突発性全身性無汗症の予防あるいは治療に用いることができる。また、該発汗促進剤は、発汗により体温を低下させることができるため、例えば、熱中症の治療に用いることもできる。さらに、該発汗促進剤は、加齢によるドライスキンの保護のために用いることもできる。
本発明の剤は、特定の受容体(R6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)に対するアンタゴニストを含む場合、発汗抑制剤として機能する。該発汗抑制剤は、例えば、多汗症、体臭の予防あるいは治療に用いることができる。
本発明の発汗調節剤のスクリーニング方法は、以下:
(1)被験物質と、嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体タンパク質とを接触させる工程、
(2)前記被験物質と、前記受容体タンパク質との結合性を測定する工程、及び
(3)前記測定した結合性を指標として、前記被験物質を発汗調節剤の候補物質として選択する工程
を含む、スクリーニング方法である。
無汗患者3例の発汗部(発汗機能の残っている皮膚)と無汗部(発汗機能の損なわれた皮膚)から得られた皮膚のパラフィンブロックサンプルを用い、laser micro dissectionで回収した汗腺から、Rneasy(登録商標)FFPE kit(QIAGEN社)をメーカー推奨のプロトコールでtotalRNAを抽出し、RNAシーケンスを実施した。
ライブラリーの調製を、TruSeq(登録商標)Strand mRNAサンプル調製キット(illumina社)を用いて、メーカー推奨プロトコールで行った。シーケンスを、HiSeq(登録商標)2500プラットフォーム(Illumina社)で実行した。ベースコールに、Casava(登録商標)1.8.2ソフトウェア(Illumina社)を使用した。リードをヒトゲノムのリファレンス情報にマッピングする際、JohnHopkins UniversityのTopHat(登録商標)v2.0.13とBowtie(登録商標)2 ver 2.2.3, SAMtools(登録商標)ver. 0.1.19を組み合わせて使用した。マッピングされたフラグメントを、Cufflinks(登録商標)ver.2.2.1を使用して計算した。同一個体の発汗部と無汗部の汗腺を比較し、RNAの発現が2倍以上、p値<0.01で変化した遺伝子で、且つ3個体ともに同じ変化を認めた遺伝子を抽出した。
その結果、発汗部で発現し、無汗部で発現が低下する嗅覚受容体(OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)の存在を見出した(図1)。
実施例1で見出した無汗部で発現が低下する嗅覚受容体(OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)を選択的に刺激するβ-イオノンを用いて、該嗅覚受容体の発汗に関する機能を評価するための試験(アセチルコリン(Ach)刺激性の発汗をリアルタイム発汗計で計測する、軸索反射性発汗試験(QSART))を行った。
実験方法としては、一方の腕には基剤とβ-イオノンを含む剤を、他方の腕には基剤のみを塗布し、左右同時に5分あたりの発汗量を測定した。結果から分かるように、基剤とβ-イオノンを含む剤を塗布した腕では、1.829 mg/5 minの発汗率であったのに比して、基剤のみでは、0.568 mg/5 minであり(図2)、約3.22倍、発汗量が増加した。該結果より、β-イオノンが、嗅覚受容体(OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)に対するアゴニストとして使用でき、発汗を促進し得ることを確認した。
β-イオノン以外の化合物の嗅覚受容体(OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)に対する影響を評価するために、QSART試験を行った。該β-イオノン以外の化合物としてα-イオノンを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様に試験を行った。結果から分かるように、基剤とα-イオノンを含む剤を塗布した腕では、1.182 mg/5 minの発汗率であったのに比して、基剤のみでは、2.119 mg/5 minであり(図3)、約0.56倍、発汗量が低減した。該結果より、α-イオノンが、嗅覚受容体(OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15)に対するアンタゴニストとして使用でき、発汗を抑制し得ることを見出した。
Claims (8)
- 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを含む、発汗調節剤。
- 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアゴニストを含む、請求項1に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 発汗調節剤が発汗促進剤である、請求項1に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 前記アゴニストがβ-イオノンである、請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体に対するアンタゴニストを含む、請求項1に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 発汗調節剤が発汗抑制剤である、請求項5に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 前記アンタゴニストがα-イオノンである、請求項1、5及び6の何れか1項に記載の発汗調節剤。
- 発汗調節剤のスクリーニング方法であって、以下:
(1)被験物質と、嗅覚受容体OR6C74、OR51A7、及びOR4A15からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの受容体タンパク質とを接触させる工程、
(2)前記被験物質と、前記受容体タンパク質との結合性を測定する工程、及び
(3)前記測定した結合性を指標として、前記被験物質を発汗調節剤の候補物質として選択する工程
を含む、スクリーニング方法。
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JP2003061613A (ja) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-03-04 | Wansooku Han | 肝臓保護用健康食品組成物(Healthyfoodcompositionforprotectinghepatic) |
JP2008056641A (ja) * | 2006-09-04 | 2008-03-13 | Kao Corp | 皮膚外用剤 |
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JP2003061613A (ja) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-03-04 | Wansooku Han | 肝臓保護用健康食品組成物(Healthyfoodcompositionforprotectinghepatic) |
JP2008056641A (ja) * | 2006-09-04 | 2008-03-13 | Kao Corp | 皮膚外用剤 |
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