JP2020534436A - 電気化学的酸素発生装置 - Google Patents
電気化学的酸素発生装置 Download PDFInfo
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- VPIDXLJVGVBFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1C=[C-]PC=1 Chemical class C=1C=[C-]PC=1 VPIDXLJVGVBFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
アノード:2H2O →→ O2 + 4H+ + 4e−(OER)
カソード:4H+ + 4e− →→ 2H2(HER)
アノード:O2 + 4H+ + 4e− →→ 2H2O(ORR)
カソード:2H2 →→ 4H+ + 4e−(HOR)
アノード:2H2O →→ O2 + 4H+ + 4e−(OER)
カソード:O2 + 4H+ + 4e− →→ 2H2O(ORR)
カソード:O2 + 4H+ + 4e− →→ 2H2O(ORR)
[実験例1]
[実験例2]
[実験例3]
[実験例4]
[実験例5]
[実験例6]
[実験例7]
[実験例8]
Claims (10)
- 酸素発生装置において、
前記酸素発生装置は、
外部の空気が流入するカソードでは酸素還元反応が起こり、水が供給されるアノードでは酸素生成反応が起こり、
前記外部の空気が流入する空気の流量は20ccm以上であることを特徴とする、酸素発生装置。 - 前記アノードでは酸素生成反応(OER)を利用して酸素(O2)を発生させ、前記カソードでは酸素還元反応(ORR)を利用して水(H2O)を発生させる、請求項1に記載の酸素発生装置。
- 電源装置の第1極と連結されるアノード、前記電源装置の第2極と連結されるカソード、および前記アノードと前記カソードの間に備えられる電解質膜を含む膜−電極接合体;
前記アノードに水を供給するための水供給源;および
前記カソードに酸素を供給するための空気供給部を含み、
前記アノードでは酸素生成反応(OER)を利用して酸素(O2)を発生させ、前記カソードでは酸素還元反応(ORR)を利用して水(H2O)を発生させる、酸素発生装置。 - 前記カソードで発生した水(H2O)を前記水供給源に回収するための水回収ラインをさらに含む、請求項3に記載の酸素発生装置。
- 前記アノードの外側に位置する第1外部フレーム部および前記カソードの外側に位置する第2外部フレーム部をさらに含み、
前記第1外部フレーム部は、第1外部フレーム;前記第1外部フレームの一側に位置する水注入口および前記第1外部フレームの他側に位置する酸素排出口を含み、
前記第2外部フレーム部は、第2外部フレーム;前記第2外部フレームの一側に位置する酸素注入口および前記第2外部フレームの他側に位置する水排出口を含む、請求項4に記載の酸素発生装置。 - 前記水供給源から供給される水(H2O)が前記水注入口を介して前記アノードに供給され、前記アノードでは水(H2O)を電気分解して水素イオン(H+)、酸素(O2)および電子を生成し、前記生成された酸素(O2)は前記酸素排出口を介して排出され、
前記カソードでは、前記酸素注入口から供給される空気中の酸素(O2)と前記電解質膜を通過して移動した水素イオン(H+)が反応して水(H2O)を生成させることになり、生成された水(H2O)は前記水排出口を介して排出される、請求項5に記載の酸素発生装置。 - 前記アノードは第1支持体および前記第1支持体の一側に位置する第1触媒層を含み、
前記第1支持体はカーボンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック、活性炭素粉末、炭素分子篩、炭素ナノチューブ、微細気孔を有している活性炭、メソポーラスカーボン、導電性高分子またはこれらの混合物であり、
前記第1触媒層はPt、Ir、Ru、Ni、Mn、Co、Fe、Ti、Re、Nb、V、SおよびMo金属および前記金属の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、リン化物、硫化物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つの酸素発生反応用触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の酸素発生装置。 - 前記カソードは第2支持体および前記第2支持体の一側に位置する第2触媒層を含み、
前記第2支持体は炭素または遷移金属酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、リン化物、硫化物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つの物質であり、
前記第2触媒層はPt、Pd、Ir、Au、Agまたはこれらの合金からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つの酸素還元反応用触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の酸素発生装置。 - 前記カソードは第2支持体および前記第2支持体の一側に位置する第2触媒層を含み、
前記第2支持体は炭素または遷移金属酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、リン化物、硫化物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つの物質であり、
前記第2触媒層はFe−N−C触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の酸素発生装置。 - 前記Fe−N−C触媒は水素生成反応は抑制し、酸素還元反応は促進させるものである、請求項9に記載の酸素発生装置。
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