JP2020530300A - 切断されたモルモットl−アスパラギナーゼバリアントおよび使用の方法 - Google Patents
切断されたモルモットl−アスパラギナーゼバリアントおよび使用の方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年8月11日に出願された米国仮出願第62/544,396号、および2017年8月11日に出願された第62/544,411号の優先権の利益を主張し、その内容はその全体が参照によりここに組み込まれる。
急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)などの一定のがんは、かかるがんにおけるアスパラギン合成酵素の欠如/低発現に最も一般的に起因する因子である、Asnの血液からのスカベンジングに依存する。結果的に、L−アスパラギナーゼは、これらのがんの処置において重要な構成要素として同定されている。全ての市販のL−アスパラギナーゼは、二重の活性を有する。主たる活性であるL−アスパラギナーゼ活性は、アミノ酸であるL−アスパラギン(Asn)をL−アスパラギン酸(Asp)およびアンモニアに加水分解する。第2の活性は、L−グルタミナーゼ活性であり、これはL−グルタミン(Gln)をL−グルタミン酸(Glu)およびアンモニアに加水分解する。例えば、ELSPAR(登録商標)(大腸菌(Escherichia coli)から得られる酵素)およびERWINAZE(登録商標)(エルウィニア・クリサンセミ(Erwinia chrysanthemi)から得られる酵素)などの、FDAに認可された酵素については、L−グルタミナーゼ活性は、第1のL−アスパラギナーゼ活性の2〜10%の範囲に及ぶ。これらの薬物のL−アスパラギナーゼ活性の重要性が受け入れられる一方、白血病細胞を殺す際のL−グルタミナーゼ活性の重要性について相反する報告がある。その上、L−グルタミナーゼ活性は、L−アスパラギナーゼの臨床的な毒性の多くに関連している。事実、L−アスパラギナーゼ処置の有毒な副作用は、この抗がん薬の使用を厳しく限定する。
本発明は、配列番号1の残基1〜359と少なくとも85%の配列同一性を共有している、C末端で切断されたモルモットL−アスパラギナーゼ(GpA)バリアントを提供する。いくつかの態様において、C末端切断は、配列番号1の359と396との間の位置においてである。ある態様において、C末端切断は、配列番号1の369の位置においてである。他の態様において、切断されたGpAバリアントは、配列番号1と比べて、例として、位置7、10、23、25、48、49、52、53、54、57、58、59、60、62、92、98、101、102、106、108、121、122、134、147、193、198、217、233、236、250、257、281、301、311、340、344、360、362、363、364、365、366、367、または368、またはその組み合わせの位置において、少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換をさらに含む。特定の態様において、配列番号1と比べての少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換は、H10R、Q23R、K25E、K48E、Q52R、Q54R、P57S、D58E、H59D、A60T、A62V、D91A、D92E、K98Q、E101K、Q108H、S121F、G122A、H134Q、R147H、K193R、C198A、C198S、C198V、D217E、N233S、H236Q、S250A、Q288E、R301Q、E344D、L360P、T362S、A363V、D364E、L365E、H366R、Q367R、またはS368P、またはその組み合わせである。さらに他の態様において、配列番号1と比べての少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換は、以下を含む:(a)位置49、52、225、257、281または340、またはその組み合わせの位置においてシステイン残基;または(b)位置7、53、54、57、58、98、106、233、250、257、281、311または340、またはその組み合わせの位置においてリシン残基。理想的には、バリアントは、野生型GpAと等しいかまたはそれより大きな触媒活性を有する。任意に、切断されたGpAバリアントは、ヒスチジンタグ、SUMOタグ、アルブミン結合ドメイン、TRAILの3つのタンデム可溶性ドメイン(例として、ヒトTRAILの残基115〜281)、またはその組み合わせをさらに含み得る。
L−アスパラギナーゼは、急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)の処置のために使用される化学療法薬である。L−アスパラギナーゼの臨床的有効性のための主な必須条件は、このアミノ酸の血中での完全な欠乏を可能にするアスパラギンに対してのマイクロモルKmである。現在のところ承認されているL−アスパラギナーゼが、細菌起源のものであるために、免疫原性が課題となり、それはヒト酵素によって和らげられるであろう。しかしながら、全てのヒトL−アスパラギナーゼは、アスパラギンに対してミリモルのKmを有する。低いKmのモルモットL−アスパラギナーゼ(gpASNase1)が同定され、それはヒトL−アスパラギナーゼ1(hASNase1)と約70%のアミノ酸同一性を共有している。ヒト酵素と同様に、gpASNase1は、以下の2つのドメインを含有する;L−アスパラギナーゼ活性が存在する約360残基のN末端ドメイン、および未知の機能の約200残基のC末端ドメイン。半減期を改善するために、GpAのより短いが安定であるバージョンが探し求められた。結果的に、GpAは、活性を保持するGpAの最も短いフラグメントを同定するためにC末端で切断された。この分析は、359アミノ酸残基のN末端触媒ドメインが、SUMOタグと共に発現し得、野生型活性を保持していることを指し示した。しかしながら、SUMOタグを除去すると、タンパク質は不安定となった。切断を残基369まで拡張することは、安定および活性の両方である酵素を提供した。
ヒトL−アスパラギナーゼ(hASNase1;UNIPROTエントリーQ86U10;配列番号2)およびモルモットL−アスパラギナーゼ(gpASNase1またはGpA;UNIPROTエントリーH0W0T5;配列番号1)などの哺乳動物のL−アスパラギナーゼは、L−アスパラギナーゼ活性が存在する約360残基のN末端ドメイン、および未知の機能の約200残基のC末端ドメインの2つのドメインを含有する。比較すると、臨床的に関係のある細菌である大腸菌およびErwinia chrysanthemi由来のL−アスパラギナーゼは、約350アミノ酸残基の長さがあり、そのようなC末端ドメインを含有しない。
概要。指向性進化法、または実験室内で自然の進化プロセスを模倣するプロセスは、酵素の特性を改善するための広く使用される。例として、Dalby (2011) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 21:473-480;Goldsmith & Tawfik (2012) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 22:406-412;Labrou (2010) Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 11:91-100;Wang & Zhao (2012) Bioresour. Technol. 115:117-125を参照されたい。ライブラリー生成、スクリーニング技法、そして第一に自然のタンパク質の進化のメカニズムのよりよい理解における進歩を前提として、進化した触媒活性における大きな改善(開始点と比べて、および絶対kcat/Km値において)が得られた(Fasan、et al. (2008) J. Mol. Biol. 383:1069-80;Bar-Even, et al. (2011) Biochemistry (Mosc.) 50:4402-10)。
DNAシャッフリングおよびドメインスワッピングの代替として、構造ベースアプローチが、GpA酵素をヒト化し、および同じものの免疫原性を低減するためにとられた。このアプローチのために、切断されたGpA369バリアント(配列番号5)を改変した。GpAの結晶構造を、検査し、酵素の表面のどの残基が、hASNase1における対応するアミノ酸に突然変異され得、およびその存在が、酵素の活性または安定性に有害ではないであろうかに関して予測がなされた。候補表面残基は、GpAの活性または安定性に対して影響を生じうる可能性に基づいて3群に分けられた(Group1、影響なし;Group2、おそらく影響なし;およびGroup3、影響のある可能性がある)(表6)。
ペグ化は、in vivo循環時間を増加させることが知られている。PEG分子は、マレイミドベースのペグ化化学によって目的のタンパク質のシステイン残基に容易に結びつき得る。GpA369およびヒト化GpA369バリアントは、5つの固有のシステイン残基、Cys79、Cys173、Cys198、Cys296およびCys299を含有する。結晶構造分析に基づき、Cys173およびCys296は埋まっており、よってペグ化の影響を受けないことが予測される。Cys299は、Cys198よりも近づきにくく、テトラマーの安定化に貢献していると考えられる。この部位におけるペグ化を避けるためにCys299をAlaまたはSerのいずれかに交換する試みは、不安定なタンパク質をもたらした。反対に、位置198におけるシステイン残基からアラニン(GpA369−C198A、配列番号51)、セリン(GpA369−C198S、配列番号52)またはバリン(GpA369−C198V、配列番号53)への突然変異は、参照GpA369酵素と比較して同等の安定性および活性のタンパク質を生じた。その上、今や単一の反応性の表面システイン(Cys79)のみを含有する、GpA369−C198A、GpA369−C198SおよびGpA369−C198Vタンパク質のマレイミド−ペグ化は、均一な産物をもたらした。
多くの従来の生物学的製剤は、リシン残基上でペグ化されており、そこでリシン側鎖のイプシロンアミノ基がPEG分子と反応する。リシンは、タンパク質の表面に存在する共通のアミノ酸である。したがって、この戦略を使用するペグ化は、しばしばタンパク質に結びついたPEG分子の可変数を有する、均一性の低い産物をもたらす。
L−アスパラギナーゼの有効性は、薬物のin vivo半減期に関連する;半減期が長ければ長いほど、酵素は血液アスパラギンを加水分解するようにより長く作用する。結果的に、本明細書に開示のL−アスパラギナーゼバリアントのin vivo半減期を増加させるために、タグをL−アスパラギナーゼのN末端に融合させる。かかるタグは、ヒスチジンタグ、酵母SUMOタグ;ヒトSUMOタグ;SUMOタグが、ヒトにおいて存在する4つの相同SUMOドメイン(SUMO−1、SUMO−2、SUMO−3またはSUMO−4)の一つであり得るHis6−ヒトSUMOタグ;およびアルブミン結合ペプチドタグを含み得る。各タグは、L−アスパラギナーゼ酵素の循環時間を増加させ得る。加えて、タグの組み合わせが使用され得る。特に、SA21およびSUMOタグを組み合わせて、さらに長期にわたる半減期を有するバリアントを得ることができる。
TRAIL(リガンドを含むTNF関連アポトーシス)は、アポトーシスによって細胞死を誘導するタンパク質である。結果的に、TRAIL−アスパラギナーゼ融合タンパク質は、これら2つのタンパク質の活性を組み合わせるように作製される。この融合タンパク質を使用して、L−アスパラギナーゼの構成要素は、細胞がアポトーシスを受けるようシグナルを送り、およびTRAILの構成要素は、細胞死を誘導する。実例として、3つのタンデムTRAILの可溶性ドメイン(TRAILトリマー)を、切断され、ヒト化された、GpA369(hum)−Group1+2+3(配列番号47)またはGpA369(hum)−Group1+2+3−loop1hum(配列番号50)などのモルモットL−アスパラギナーゼとインフレームで融合させて、TRAILトリマー−GpAまたはGpA−TRAILトリマー融合タンパク質を生成する。
Claims (20)
- 配列番号1の残基1〜359と少なくとも85%の配列同一性を共有しているC末端で切断されたモルモットL−アスパラギナーゼ(GpA)バリアント。
- C末端の切断が、配列番号1の359と396との間の位置である、請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- C末端の切断が、配列番号1の369の位置である、請求項1または2に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- 配列番号1と比べて少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換をさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- 配列番号1と比べての少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換が、位置7、10、23、25、48、49、52、53、54、57、58、59、60、62、92、98、101、106、108、121、122、134、147、193、198、217、233、236、237、250、257、281、301、311、340、344、360、362、363、364、365、366、367、または368、またはその組み合わせの位置である、請求項4に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- 配列番号1と比べての少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換が、H10R、Q23R、K25E、K48E、Q52R、Q54R、P57S、D58E、H59D、A60T、A62V、D91A、D92E、K98Q、E101K、Q108H、S121F、G122A、H134Q、R147H、K193R、C198A、C198S、C198V、D217E、N233S、H236Q、S250A、Q288E、R301Q、E344D、L360P、T362S、A363V、D364E、L365E、H366R、Q367R、またはS368P、またはその組み合わせである、請求項4または5に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- 配列番号1と比べての少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換が、以下:
(a)位置49、52、225、257、281、または340、またはその組み合わせでのシステイン残基;または
(b)位置7、53、54、57、58、98、106、233、250、257、281、311または340、またはその組み合わせでのリシン残基
を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。 - バリアントが、野生型GpAと等しいかまたはそれより大きな触媒活性を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- ヒスチジンタグ、SUMOタグ、アルブミン結合ドメイン、またはその組み合わせをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- TRAILの3つのタンデム可溶性ドメインをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- TRAILの可溶性ドメインが、ヒトTRAILの残基115〜281を含む、請求項10に記載の切断されたGpAバリアント。
- 請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアントをコードする、核酸分子。
- 請求項12に記載の核酸分子を含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項12に記載の核酸分子を含む、宿主細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアントおよび薬学的に許容し得る賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- TRAILの安定な形態をさらに含む、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- TRAILの安定な形態が、FOLDON配列GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL(配列番号85)を含む、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 処置を必要とする対象に請求項1に記載の切断されたGpAバリアントの有効量を投与し、それによって対象のがんを処置することを含む、がんを処置する方法。
- がんが、非ホジキンリンパ腫、白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、バーキットリンパ腫、慢性骨髄性白血病、慢性リンパ性白血病、およびヘアリー細胞白血病から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- TRAILの安定な形態を投与することをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
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