JP2020530185A - 難燃性二次電池用分離膜 - Google Patents
難燃性二次電池用分離膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020530185A JP2020530185A JP2020506337A JP2020506337A JP2020530185A JP 2020530185 A JP2020530185 A JP 2020530185A JP 2020506337 A JP2020506337 A JP 2020506337A JP 2020506337 A JP2020506337 A JP 2020506337A JP 2020530185 A JP2020530185 A JP 2020530185A
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- separation membrane
- flame
- secondary battery
- retardant
- battery according
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Abstract
Description
本発明による前記難燃無機物は、アンチモン含有化合物、金属水酸化物又は金属水和物、グアニジン系化合物、ホウ素含有化合物及びスズ酸亜鉛からなる群から選択される1種以上である。
Al2O3+2NaOH→2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaAlO2+CO2→2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3+H2O
本発明による前記二次電池用分離膜は、無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物を使い、ポリオレフィン基材がない有機/無機複合多孔性分離膜であるか、多孔性ポリオレフィン基材の表面及び/又は基材の気孔部に無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物をコートした有機/無機複合多孔性コーティング層を形成する分離膜であり、前記難燃無機物が前記分離膜全体に分布するか表面の一部にコートされることができる。
本発明による分離膜に使われる無機物粒子は前記難燃無機物とは別に付加されるものである。無機物粒子間の空間が形成できるようにして微細気孔を形成する役割と物理的形態を維持することができる一種のスペーサー(spacer)の役割を兼ねており、一般的に200℃以上の高温になっても物理的特性が変わらない特性を有する。
前記バインダーは通常的に高分子バインダーとも呼ばれ、液体電解液の含浸時にゲル化して高い電解液含浸率を示す特徴を有することができる。実際に、前記バインダー高分子が電解液含浸率に優れた高分子の場合、電池の組立後に注入される電解液は前記高分子に染みこむことになり、吸収した電解液を保有する高分子は電解質イオン伝導能力を有するようになる。また、従来の疎水性ポリオレフィン系分離膜に比べて電池用電解液に対する湿潤性(wetting)が改善するだけでなく、従来に使われにくかった電池用極性電解液の適用も可能であるという利点がある。したがって、できれば溶解度指数が15〜45MPa1/2である高分子が好ましく、15〜25MPa1/2及び30〜45MPa1/2の範囲がより好ましい。溶解度指数が15MPa1/2未満であるか45MPa1/2を超える場合、通常的な電池用液体電解液によって含浸(swelling)されにくくなる。
本発明による分離膜を製造するための溶媒は、該当分野で知られた通常的な溶媒を制限なしに使うことができ、好ましくはアセトン、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトニトリル、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロール又は水を使うことができ、これらの2種以上を混合して使うこともできる。
また、本発明は、陽極及び陰極、前記陽極と陰極との間に介在された前記分離膜、及び電解質を含む電気化学素子を提供する。ここで、前記電気化学素子はリチウム二次電池であり得る。
分離膜のコーティング層を構成する難燃無機物として、ギブサイトが95重量%、バイライトが5重量%含まれるAl(OH)3を適用し、バインダー高分子としてポリビニリデンフルオリド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、無機物粒子としてアルルミナを混合して分散させることによってスラリーを製造した。
前記実施例1で、バイライトを除き、難燃無機物としてギブサイトのみ使用した点を除き、前記実施例1と同様な方法で分離膜を製造した。
比較例1、実施例1の分離膜を使って電池を製造した後、前記電池に対して釘貫通テストを行い、時間による電圧及び温度の変化を示したグラフ及び結果写真を図3に示した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1で使用された金属水酸化物の構造分析のために、XRD測定を行い、その結果を図4に示した。
Claims (16)
- 安定型及び準安定型形態で存在し得る難燃無機物を含む二次電池用分離膜であって、
前記準安定型形態の難燃無機物を必ず含む、二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記難燃無機物は、アンチモン含有化合物、金属水酸化物又は金属水和物、グアニジン系化合物、ホウ素含有化合物及びスズ酸亜鉛からなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アンチモン含有化合物は、三酸化アンチモン(Sb2O3)、四酸化アンチモン(Sb2O4)及び五酸化アンチモン(Sb2O5)から選択されるものであり、
前記金属水酸化物又は金属水和物は、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)、水酸化マグネシウム(Mg(OH)2)、アルミニウムオキシヒドロキシド(AlO(OH))及びCaO・Al2O3・6H2Oから選択されるものであり、
前記グアニジン系化合物は、窒素化グアニジン、スルファミン酸グアニジン、リン酸グアニジン及びリン酸グアニル尿素からなる群から選択されるものであり、
前記ホウ素含有化合物は、H3BO3又はHBO2であり、
前記スズ酸亜鉛化合物は、Zn2SnO4、ZnSnO3及びZnSn(OH)6から選択されるものである、請求項2に記載の二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記難燃無機物は、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)、水酸化マグネシウム(Mg(OH)2)、アルミニウムオキシヒドロキシド(AlO(OH))及びCaO・Al2O3・6H2Oの1種以上である、請求項3に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記難燃無機物は、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)である、請求項4に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記安定型形態の難燃無機物はギブサイト形態であり、前記準安定型形態の難燃無機物はバイライト、ドイル石及びノルドストランド石形態の1種以上である、請求項5に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記準安定型形態の難燃無機物は、全体難燃無機物の2重量%以上である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記準安定型形態の難燃無機物は、全体難燃無機物の5重量%以上である、請求項7に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記難燃無機物は、陽極又は陰極対面の1ヶ所にのみ非対称的に存在する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記二次電池用分離膜は、無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物を使い、ポリオレフィン基材のない有機/無機複合多孔性分離膜であるか、
多孔性ポリオレフィン基材の表面及び/又は基材の気孔部に無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物をコートした有機/無機複合多孔性コーティング層が形成された分離膜であり、
前記難燃無機物が前記分離膜全体に分布するか表面の一部にコートされることができる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記無機物粒子は前記難燃無機物とは別に付加されるものであり、
誘電率が1以上の高誘電率無機物粒子、圧電性を有する無機物粒子、リチウムイオン伝達能力を有する無機物粒子又はこれらの2種以上の混合物である、請求項10に記載の二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記無機物粒子は、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、TiO2及びBaTiO2からなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項10に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記バインダー高分子は、ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)、ポリビニリデンフルオリド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニリデンフルオリド−トリクロロエチレン、ポリビニリデンフルオリド−クロロトリフルオロエチレン(PVdF−CTFE)、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリビニルアセテート、エチレン−コ−ビニルアセテート共重合体、ポリエチレンオキシド、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース、シアノエチルスクロース、プルラン、カルボキシルメチルセルロース、アクリロニトリルスチレンブタジエン共重合体、ポリイミド、ポリアクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体、ゼラチン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンテルポリマー(EPDM)、スルホン化EPDM、スチレンブチレンゴム(SBR)、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)、フッ素ゴム及びポリイミドからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項10に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記バインダー高分子は、PVdF、TFE及びポリイミドからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項13に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記バインダー高分子は、バイカリン、ルテオリン、タキシフォリン、ミリセチン、ケルセチン、ルチン、カテキン、没食子酸エピガロカテキン、ブテイン、ピセアタンノール、タンニン酸を含むフェノール係化合物、ピロガロール、アミロース、アミロペクチン、キサンタンガム、及び脂肪酸系からなる水系又は非水系高分子の少なくとも1種以上をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用分離膜を含む、二次電池。
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EP3667770A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
CN111183534A (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
KR20190129623A (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
US11594782B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
JP7048852B2 (ja) | 2022-04-06 |
EP3667770A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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