JP2020530015A - ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤を用いてがんを治療する方法 - Google Patents
ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤を用いてがんを治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2017年8月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/542,202号;2017年12月8日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/596,339号;2018年2月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/630,686号;及び2018年3月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/646,292号の優先権の利益を主張するものであり、これらのそれぞれの全内容は、参照によりそれらその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
FTIによる治療のために骨髄細胞の骨髄ホーミングに関連する疾患又は障害を有する対象を選択する方法が、本明細書で提供される。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害は骨髄疾患である。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害はがんである。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害は骨髄がんである。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害はCXCL12を発現するがんである。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害は好中球減少症である。一部の実施形態では、疾患又は障害は、WHIM症候群又はワルデンストレームマクログロブリン血症などの骨髄CXCR4過剰活性を伴う遺伝的疾患又は障害である。一部の実施形態では、骨髄細胞の骨髄ホーミングに関連する疾患又は障害を有する対象は、CXCL12を発現する骨髄を有する。
一部の実施形態では、本明細書において、FTI又はFTIを含む医薬組成物を用いて対象を治療する方法が提供される。本明細書に提供される医薬組成物は、治療的有効量のFTI及び薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤を含む。一部の実施形態では、FTIはチピファルニブ;アルグラビン;ペリリルアルコール;SCH−66336;L778123;L739749;FTI−277;L744832;R208176;BMS214662;AZD3409;又はCP−609,754である。一部の実施形態では、FTIはチピファルニブである。
一部の実施形態では、本明細書に提供される方法は、治療的有効量の二次活性剤の投与又はサポートケア療法をすることをさらに含む。二次活性剤は化学療法剤であり得る。化学療法剤又は化学療法薬は、細胞内の活性のその様式、例えば、細胞周期に影響を与えるかどうか、どの段階で影響を与えるのかによって分類することができる。或いは、薬剤は、DNAを直接架橋する能力、DNAに挿入する能力、又は核酸合成に影響を与えることにより染色体及び有糸分裂の異常を誘発する能力に基づいて特徴付けることができる。
好中球減少症は、MDSにおけるチピファルニブに対する臨床応答を予測することができる
チピファルニブの臨床研究(300mg bid(1日2回)、3週間オン/1週間オフ)は、82人の高リスクMDS/CMML対象で実施された。67人の対象が研究登録時に輸血依存性(TD)であったため、スクリーニング中及びチピファルニブの最初の投与までに1回以上の赤血球(RBC)輸血を受けた対象はTDとして分類された。チピファルニブを受けたこれら最初の67人のTD対象のうち11人(16%)は、55日から666日まで続いた輸血非依存性(TI)に転換することが判明した。
好中球減少症及び/又は低血液芽球の血球数により呈する骨髄細胞の骨髄ホーミングはAMLにおけるチピファルニブの臨床的恩恵を予測することができる
チピファルニブを用いた臨床研究は、低リスクのAML(CTEP−20、第2相)並びに再発性及び難治性AML(INT−17、第2相)の新たに診断された高齢患者で実施された。これらの研究における患者の選択は、遺伝子マーカーに基づかなかった。チピファルニブ単剤作用の事例証拠が報告された。しかしながら、患者集団全体の全体的な臨床活動は、チピファルニブの登録を支持しなかった。さらに、同時進行のPh3研究(AML301、N=457)は、新たに診断された、デノボの、又は二次的なAML(ハザード比=1.02、有意ではない)を有する高齢患者において、第一線療法としてのBSC(ヒドロキシ尿素を含む)と比較したチピファルニブの有効性の増加を特定できなかった。全体的な研究におけるOS中央値は、AML301のチピファルニブ群で107日、BSC群で109日であった。
CXCL12発現又はCXCL12/CXCR4発現比は複数の血液悪性腫瘍におけるチピファルニブの臨床的恩恵を予測することができる
CTEP20研究において利用可能なBM遺伝子発現データを有する34ptsにおいて、9つの完全な応答(CR)及び疾患進行(PD)の13人の最良応答が観察された。単独又はその受容体CXCR4に対する発現の比としてのCXCL12発現は、チピファルニブ治療に対する完全な応答を予測した(p=0.08、p=0.001)(図20A)。CXCL12、及びCXCL12/CXCR4比はまた、利用可能なGEPを有する13人の高度に進行した再発/難治性PTCL患者で観察された2つの部分応答(PR)の予測因子であった(p=0.009、p=0.0007)(図20B)。4つの客観的な応答及び1つの腫瘍溶解症候群が、利用可能な治療前BM遺伝子発現データを有する17人のチピファルニブ治療されたCMML対象で報告された(図20C)。CXCL12発現(p=0.07)及びCXCL12/CXCR4比(p=0.03)は、これらのイベントを予測した(図20C)。INT−17研究において利用可能なBM遺伝子発現データを有する58人の患者において3つのCRのみが報告された。これらのCRのうち2つは、治療前のCXCR4 BM発現が高い対象において観察された。総合すると、これらのデータは、CXCL12/CXCR4発現比のCXCL12発現が、複数の血液悪性腫瘍におけるチピファルニブの臨床的恩恵を予測することができることを示す。
チピファルニブ治療はCXCL12発現を減少させた
ELISAは、チピファルニブ治療を受けているPTCL患者の血漿CXCL12レベルを決定するために採用された。図21Aに示されるように、少なくとも30日間、チピファルニブを受けた3人の患者は、約30日目に血漿CXCL12レベルの低下を示した。骨髄(BM)によるケモカイン及びサイトカインの分泌におけるチピファルニブの効果は、初代CD1マウスBM培養及び抗体アレイを使用して調査された。図21Bに示されるように、CXCL12は、このモデルにおいて分泌される非常に豊富なサイトカインであり、そのレベルは、100nMのチピファルニブによる治療後に低下した。
Claims (55)
- 対象において骨髄細胞の骨髄ホーミングに関連するがんを治療する方法であって、ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤(FTI)の治療的有効量を、(a)ANC参照値よりも低い絶対好中球数(ANC);(b)BMR参照値よりも低い血液対骨髄芽球比(BMR)、及び/又は(c)末梢芽球数参照値よりも低い末梢芽球数、並びに任意選択で骨髄芽球数参照値よりも高い骨髄芽球数を有する対象に選択的に投与することを含む上記方法。
- FTIが、(d)参照値よりも高いCXCL12及び/又はCXCR4発現を有する対象に選択的に投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- FTIが、(e)参照比よりも高い、動員受容体に対するホーミング受容体の発現比を有する対象に選択的に投与され、任意選択で、ホーミング受容体がCXCR4、CXCR3、又はそれらの組み合わせであり、動員受容体がCXCR2、CXCR1、又はそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- FTIが、参照比と比較して、(f)CXCR4若しくはHRASに対するCXCL12発現のより高い比、及び/又は(g)CXCL2に対するCXCR4発現のより高い比を有する対象に選択的に投与される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- ANC参照値が、1,500/μl、1,400/μl、1,300/μl、1,200/μl、1,100/μl、1,000/μl、900/μl、800/μl、700/μl、600/μl、500/μl、400/μl、300/μl又は200/μlである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ANC参照値が、ANC1,000/μlである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 対象の白血球(WBC)数が健康な対照群の正常範囲の下限よりも高い、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- WBC数が>2,000/μlである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- BMR参照値が、0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2、0.1、0.09、0.08、0.07、0.06、0.05、0.04、0.03、0.02又は0.01である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- BMR参照値が0.03である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 末梢芽球数参照値が、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1.0%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.6%、0.5%、0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、又は0.1%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 末梢芽球数参照値が1%である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%又は75%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が45%である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%又は75%であり、血液試料中の芽球のパーセンテージが、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.6%、0.5%、0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、又は0.1%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が45%であり、末梢芽球数参照値が10%である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 対象へのFTIの投与前に、対象からの試料におけるANC、BMR、末梢芽球数、骨髄芽球数、CXCL12発現、CXCR4発現、HRAS若しくはCXCR4に対するCXCL12の発現比、及び/又は1つ以上の動員受容体に対する1つ以上のホーミング受容体の発現比を分析することを含む、請求項1から16までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 試料が、血液試料、腫瘍生検、骨髄吸引液若しくは生検、血漿試料、細胞試料又はリンパ節試料である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 試料が単離された細胞である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 試料中のANCがANC参照値よりも低いことを決定することを含む、請求項17から19までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ANC参照値が、1,500/μl、1,400/μl、1,300/μl、1,200/μl、1,100/μl、1,000/μl、900/μl、800/μl、700/μl、600/μl、500/μl、400/μl、300/μl又は200/μlである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- ANC参照値が1,000/μlである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 試料中の白血球(WBC)数が健康な対照群の正常範囲の下限よりも高いことを決定することを含む、請求項21又は22に記載の方法。
- WBC数が>2,000/μlである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 試料中のBMRがBMR参照値よりも低いことを決定することを含む、請求項17から24までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- BMR参照値が、0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2、0.1、0.09、0.08、0.07、0.06、0.05、0.04、0.03、0.02又は0.01である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- BMR参照値が0.03である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 試料中の末梢芽球数が末梢芽数参照値よりも低いことを決定することを含む、請求項17から27までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 末梢芽球数参照値が、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1.0%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.6%、0.5%、0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、又は0.1%である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 末梢芽球数参照値が1%である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 試料中の骨髄芽球数が骨髄芽球数参照値よりも大きいことを決定することを含む、請求項17から30までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%又は75%である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が45%である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%又は75%であり、血液試料中の芽球のパーセンテージが、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.6%、0.5%、0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、又は0.1%である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 骨髄芽球数参照値が45%であり、末梢芽球数参照値が10%である、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 試料中のCXCL12タンパク質、タンパク質分画又はRNAの発現レベルがCXCL12の参照発現レベルよりも高いことを決定することを含む、請求項17から35までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CXCL12遺伝子のDNA配列を決定することを含む、請求項17から36までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CXCL12遺伝子配列が、単一ヌクレオチド変異体(SNV)又はCXCL12遺伝子の3プライム非翻訳領域(3’UTR)の変異体である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- CXCR4のDNA配列を決定することを含む、請求項17から38までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CXCR4のDNA配列がCXCR4遺伝子の活性化突然変異を含む、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 試料中のCXCR4の発現レベルに対するCXCL12の発現レベルの比、又はHRASの発現レベルに対するCXCL12の発現レベルの比が参照比よりも高いことを決定することを含む、請求項17から40までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんを有する対象が中程度又は重度の好中球減少症を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 対象が、FTIの投与前に輸血依存性である、請求項1から42までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 輸血依存性の対象を輸血非依存性の対象に転換するのに有効である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- がんが、リンパ腫、白血病、又は非血液がんの骨髄転移である、請求項1から44までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんが急性骨髄性白血病(AML)である、請求項1から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- AMLが新たに診断されたAMLである、請求項46に記載の方法。
- AMLを有する対象が、低リスクのAMLを有する高齢患者である、請求項47に記載の方法。
- AMLが再発性又は難治性のAMLである、請求項46から48までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんが骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)である、請求項1から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんが慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)である、請求項1から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんが慢性骨髄単球性白血病(CMML)である、請求項1から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がんがT細胞白血病である、請求項1から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FTIが、チピファルニブ、アルグラビン、ペリリルアルコール、SCH−66336、L778123、L739749、FTI−277、L744832、CP−609,754、R208176、AZD3409、及びBMS−214662からなる群から選択される、請求項1から53までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- FTIがチピファルニブである、請求項54に記載の方法。
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