JP2020529264A - 血管内カテーテルの配置及び/または神経刺激のためのシステムならびに方法 - Google Patents
血管内カテーテルの配置及び/または神経刺激のためのシステムならびに方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2017年8月2日出願の米国特許出願第15/666,989号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、本開示全体がその全体を参照により組み込まれる。
−肺内の流体の蓄積及び感染感受性の増加(人工呼吸器関連肺炎(VAP))をもたらし得る、人工呼吸器誘発性肺損傷(VILI)及び肺胞の損傷を引き起こすことがたびたびある。
−救急挿管された患者の不快感や不安を軽減するために一般的に鎮静剤を必要とする。
−使われない横隔膜筋の急速な萎縮を引き起こす(人工呼吸器誘発性横隔膜機能不全(VIDD))。
−肺が加圧されて、横隔膜が非活動状態にあるため、静脈還流に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
−食べること及び話すことに支障をきたす。
−持ち運びが困難な装置を必要とする。
−患者が正常な呼吸を取り戻すことができずに人工呼吸に依存するようになると、死亡リスクが高くなる。
したがって、神経または筋肉を電気的に刺激する任意の処置の長さを最小化することが望ましい場合がある。
図1は、血管内神経刺激カテーテル12及び制御装置14を含む、システム10を示す。カテーテル12は、複数の電極34を含むことができる。カテーテル12は、制御装置14に操作可能に接続(例えば、有線、無線など)できる。制御装置14は、システム10に関連して本明細書に記載の機能のいずれかを実行するようにプログラムされることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、制御装置14は、患者または医療従事者が制御装置14から離れて、制御装置14の操作を制御するのを可能にする、遠隔コントローラ16を含むことができる。コントローラ16は、図1で示すように携帯端末を含むことができる。いくつかの例で、コントローラ16は、フットスイッチ/ペダル、音声起動式、タッチ起動式もしくは圧力起動式スイッチ、または遠隔作動装置の他の任意の形を含むことができる。制御装置14は、タッチスクリーン18を含むことができ、それはカート20によって支持されることができる。
図1〜図3を参照すると、カテーテル12は、複数の電極34または他のエネルギー送達要素を備える、刺激アレイを含むことができる。一例で、電極34は、カテーテル12の外壁に位置する表面電極でもよい。別の例で、電極34は、カテーテル12の外壁に対して半径方向に内向きに配置されることができる(例えば、外壁の開口部または窓を通って露出する)。更に別の例で、電極34は、米国特許第9,242,088号に記載されているように、印刷した電極を含むことができ、それは本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
図7は、システム10の種々の構成要素のブロック図を示す。電極34a〜34j、ハブ36及び管腔38、40、42、58及び60は、本明細書に記載のカテーテル12の一部であり得る。カテーテル12は、任意の数の電極及び任意の数の管腔を有し得る。5つの管腔が図7に示されるが、異なる例で、カテーテルは1、2、3、4つまたは5つ以上の管腔を含むことができる。一例で、カテーテル12は3つの管腔(例えば、拡張管腔38、40、42及び対応する内部管腔)を有することができ、そこで、それぞれは、ガイドワイヤまたは光ファイバカメラのうちの1つ以上を保持することができる、または流体送達または血液試料抽出のために使用され得る(囲み43)。別の例で、カテーテル12は4つの管腔を含むことができ、そこで1つの管腔58は圧力センサ90を保持している、またはそれと流体連通して、1つの管腔60は血液ガスセンサ62を保持している、またはそれと流体連通して、他の2つの管腔は、ガイドワイヤまたは光ファイバカメラを保持する、及び/または流体送達もしくは血液試料の抽出のために使用される。システム10の任意の管腔は、本明細書に記載の装置(例えば、センサ、ガイドワイヤ、光ファイバカメラ)のいずれかを含むことができる、またはそれと流体連通していることができる、及び/または本明細書に記載の機能(例えば、流体送達、血液試料の抽出)のいずれかのために使用され得る、ことを理解すべきである。
カテーテル12は、患者内にカテーテル12を配置するユーザを助けることができる、様々な位置決め機能を含むことができる。いくつかの位置決め機能は、視覚化補助(例えば、図5に示す光ファイバカメラ46または図6に示す超音波振動子54)であり得る。他の位置決め機能は、生理学的パラメータを検知するセンサでもよい(例えば、圧力センサ90)。電極34(神経を刺激するために使用できる)も、カテーテル12を配置するためにその後に使用できる、情報を収集するセンサとして使用され得る。例えば電極34は、神経活動(例えば、左右の横隔神経)、ECG信号及び/またはインピーダンスに関連した情報を収集できる。したがって、検知電極34は、位置決め機能と考えられ得る。位置決め機能のそれぞれ及びそれらがカテーテル12の配置を助けるためにどのように使用されるかを、更に下で詳述する。
圧力センサ90からのCVP測定値は、患者内へのカテーテル12の配置を更に補助することができる。正常値は、4〜12cmH2Oの間を変化できる。CVPの波形は、患者の心臓に対する圧力センサ90と接続するポート(例えば、46、48または50)の位置に基づいて変化し得る。一例にて、CVP測定値は、関連するポートが患者の心臓に接近するにつれて減少し得る。ユーザは、患者の心臓に対して所望の位置へカテーテル12を配置するのを助けるために、変化するCVPの波形を読むことができる。
電極34を検知することにより得られる神経信号は、神経刺激のための電極34を選択するために使用できる。標的神経に近い電極34はより高い振幅を有する神経活性を検知でき、一方で、標的神経から遠い電極34は低い振幅を有する神経活性を検知できる。強力な横隔膜の反応が求められる場合、神経に近い電極34は、受信した神経活性信号に基づいて決定されるように、神経刺激のために選択されることができる。また、弱い横隔膜の反応が求められる場合、神経から遠い電極34は、受信した神経活性信号に基づいて決定されるように、神経刺激のために選択されることができる。
Claims (30)
- 血管内カテーテルを配置する方法において、
前記血管内カテーテルを患者の静脈系内に挿入する工程であって、そこで前記カテーテルが複数の電極を含み、前記複数の電極の多極電極が、電気信号を発するように構成されている、血管内カテーテルを挿入する工程と、
前記カテーテルの遠位部を第1位置に配置する工程と、
ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、
前記獲得したECG信号に基づいて、前記カテーテルの前記遠位部を前記第1位置とは異なる第2位置に調整する工程と、
前記複数の電極の少なくとも1つの第1電極を識別して、第1神経を刺激する工程と、
前記複数の電極の少なくとも1つの第2電極を識別して、第2神経を刺激する工程と、
前記第1神経及び前記第2神経のうちの少なくとも1つを刺激して、呼吸筋の収縮を生じさせる工程とを備える、方法。 - 前記血管内カテーテルを前記静脈系内に挿入する工程が、前記血管内カテーテルを1)左鎖骨下静脈、腋窩静脈、橈側皮静脈、心膜周囲静脈、上腕静脈、橈骨静脈または左頸静脈のうちの少なくとも1つ、及び2)上大静脈内に挿入する工程からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1位置が前記患者の心臓の心房に近接しており、前記第2位置が上大静脈中にある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ECG信号が第1ECG信号であり、前記方法が、第2ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1ECG信号を獲得するために使用する前記1つ以上の電極が、前記カテーテルの近位部に配置されて、前記第1神経を刺激するように構成されており、前記第2ECG信号を獲得するために使用する1つ以上の電極が、前記カテーテルの遠位部に配置されて、前記第2神経を刺激するように構成される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1ECG信号と前記第2ECG信号を比較する工程と、
前記比較に基づいて、前記カテーテルの前記遠位部を前記第2位置に調整する工程とをさらに備える、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記第2位置が、前記第1位置より前記患者の心臓から離れている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用して、インピーダンスまたは神経活性のうちの少なくとも1つを検知する工程をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1電極及び前記少なくとも1つの第2電極のそれぞれが、電極の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 血管内カテーテルを配置する方法において、
前記血管内カテーテルを1)左鎖骨下静脈または左頸静脈のうちの少なくとも1つ、及び2)上大静脈内に挿入する工程であって、そこで前記カテーテルが複数の電極を含み、前記複数の電極が、左横隔神経に近接して配置される電極の近位セット及び右横隔神経に近接して配置される電極の遠位のセットを含む、血管内カテーテルを挿入する工程と、
ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、
前記ECG信号の変化に基づいて、前記カテーテルを患者の心臓から引き抜く工程と、
前記電極の近位セットのうちの1つ以上の電極を使用して、前記左横隔神経を刺激する工程と、
前記電極の遠位セットのうちの1つ以上の電極を使用して、前記右横隔神経を刺激する工程とを備える、前記方法。 - 前記ECG信号の前記変化がP波の振幅の変化であり、前記変化が、前記カテーテルの遠位端を前記心臓の心房に近接する領域に入れる際に生じる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記心臓から前記カテーテルを引き抜く工程が、前記P波の前記振幅の変化を引き起こす、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ECG信号が、前記電極の近位セットのうちの1つ以上の電極によって獲得される第1ECG信号であり、前記方法が、第2ECG信号を獲得するために前記電極の遠位セットのうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程をさらに備える、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第1ECG信号のP波と前記第2ECG信号のP波の間の差を測定する工程と、
前記差が所定の値を超えるとき、前記患者の前記心臓から前記カテーテルを引き抜く工程とをさらに備える、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記カテーテルが前記心臓の心房内を前進するとき、前記差が前記所定の値を超える、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記カテーテルに連結されて、前記患者の外部に配置されたハブが、前記複数の電極のうちの1つ以上の電極と共に使用されて、前記ECG信号を獲得する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記カテーテルの遠位端が前記左鎖骨下静脈または前記左頸静脈のうちの少なくとも1つ内に挿入されて、前記上大静脈内を前進する際に、前記ECG信号を監視する工程とさらに備える、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 血管内カテーテルを配置する方法において、
前記血管内カテーテルを患者の静脈系内に挿入する工程であって、そこで前記カテーテルが複数の近位電極及び複数の遠位電極を含む、血管内カテーテルを挿入する工程と、
第1ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の近位電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、第2ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の遠位電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、
前記第1ECG信号と前記第2ECG信号を比較する工程と、
前記第1ECG信号と前記第2ECG信号の間の前記比較に基づき、前記カテーテルの位置を調整する工程と、
前記複数の近位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して、前記第1神経を刺激する工程と、
前記複数の遠位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して、前記第2神経を刺激する工程とを備える、方法。 - 前記第1神経が左横隔神経であり、前記第2神経が右横隔神経である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第1ECG信号を前記第2ECG信号と比較する工程が、前記第1ECG信号の一部の振幅を前記第2ECG信号の一部の振幅と比較する工程からなる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記比較する工程が、前記血管内カテーテルを挿入する工程の間、複数回生じる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記カテーテルの前記位置を調整する工程が、心臓から離れる方向に前記カテーテルを移動させることからなる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第1神経を刺激する工程または前記第2神経を刺激する工程のうちの少なくとも1つによって、横隔膜の収縮が生じる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記近位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して前記第1神経の活性を検知する工程と、前記遠位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して前記第2神経の活性を検知する工程とをさらに備える、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 血管内カテーテルを配置する方法において、
前記血管内カテーテルを1)左鎖骨下静脈または左頸静脈のうちの少なくとも1つ、及び2)上大静脈内に挿入する工程であって、そこで前記カテーテルが、左横隔神経に近接して配置される複数の近位電極及び右横隔神経に近接して配置される複数の遠位電極を含む、血管内カテーテルを挿入する工程と、
前記挿入工程の間、前記カテーテルの複数の位置で、第1ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の近位電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、第2ECG信号を獲得するために前記複数の遠位電極のうちの1つ以上の電極を使用する工程と、
前記複数位置のうちのいくつかで前記第1ECG信号と前記第2ECG信号を比較する工程と、
前記第1ECG信号と前記第2ECG信号の前記比較に基づき、神経刺激のための前記カテーテルの所望の位置を決定する工程と、
前記複数の近位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して、前記左横隔神経を刺激する工程と、
前記複数の遠位電極のうちの1つ以上を使用して、前記右横隔神経を刺激する工程とを備える、方法。 - 心臓の心房に近接する領域に前記カテーテルの遠位端を前進させる工程をさらに備える、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の位置のうちの1つが、前記カテーテルの前記遠位端が前記心臓の前記心房に近接している位置であり、前記位置で、前記比較が、所定の値を超える前記第1ECG信号の振幅と前記第2ECG信号の振幅の間の差を示す、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記心臓から離れる方向に前記カテーテルを移動させる工程をさらに備える、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記左横隔神経を刺激することが横隔膜の収縮を引き起こし、前記右横隔神経を刺激することが横隔膜の収縮を引き起こす、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記第1ECG信号を獲得するために使用する前記近位電極が前記左横隔神経を刺激するように構成されており、前記第2ECG信号を獲得するために使用する前記遠位電極が前記右横隔神経を刺激するように構成されている、請求項25に記載の方法。
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