JP2020528903A - 標的放射線治療誘発性血管完全性を保護する方法 - Google Patents
標的放射線治療誘発性血管完全性を保護する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年7月24日付作成の約3.7kbサイズのファイル名「配列表」を有するASCII形式の配列表としてEFS−Webにより電子出願された配列表を含む。EFS−Webにより提出された配列表は、明細書の一部であり、参照により本明細書にその全体を組み込む。
対象への有効量のTPOミメティックの投与は対象の血管完全性を保護する。
本明細書で使用される用語「RT」、「TRT」または「標的放射線治療」は、好ましくは体の特定の臓器または部分に標的化されたまたは限局化された電離放射線を使用する治療に関する。これは、一般にがんの処置の一部として使用される。標的放射線治療(TRT)はまた、放射線処置、放射線治療、照射、またはX線治療と称されることもある。標的放射線治療には3つ主要な区分がある:外部放射線治療(EBRTまたはXRT)、内部放射線治療、および全身ラジオアイソトープ治療。時には、同一またはわずかに高い線量を送達するために放射線を数回の処置で行うことができるが、これは分割放射線治療と称される。
本明細書で使用される、「TPOm」、「TPOミメティック」または「トロンボポエチンミメティック」は、トロンボポエチン受容体と結合し、活性化させることのできるペプチドを含む化合物を意味する。好ましくは、本発明に有用なTPOミメティックにおいて、トロンボポエチン受容体と結合し、活性化させることのできるペプチドは、トロンボポエチン(TPO)と著しい相同性を有さない。TPOに対する相同性を欠くことにより、TPO抗体の産生の可能性が低減する。TPOミメティックにおいて有用な、そのようなペプチドの例は、限定されないが、米国特許出願公開第2003/0158116号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2005/0137133号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2006/0040866号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2006/0210542号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2007/0148091号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2008/0119384号明細書、米国特許第5,869,451号明細書、米国特許第7,091,311号明細書、米国特許第7,615,533号明細書、米国特許第8,227,422号明細書、国際公開第2007/021572号パンフレット、国際公開第2007/094781号パンフレット、および国際公開2009/148954号パンフレットに記載されるものが挙げられ、その全体の内容を参照により本明細書に組み込む。より好ましくは、本発明に有用なTPOミメティックにおいて、トロンボポエチン受容体と結合し、活性化させることのできるペプチドは、ペプチドの1種または複数の特性を向上させる部分と共有結合する。非限定的な例として、部分は親水性ポリマーであってよく、限定されないが、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリ乳酸およびポリグリコール酸を含む。部分はまた、ポリペプチド、例えばFc領域またはアルブミンであってよい。
TPOミメティックは、例えば、薬学的担体または希釈剤と共に医薬組成物の有効成分として投与することができる。TPOミメティックは、経口、肺、非経口(筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内(IV)または皮下注射)、吸入(微粉末製剤を介して)、経皮、鼻腔、膣、直腸、または舌下の投与経路で投与することができ、それぞれの投与経路に適切な剤形に製剤化することができる。例えば、国際公開第1993/25221号(Bernstein et al.)および国際公開第1994/17784号(Pitt et al.)を参照されたい。これに関連する内容を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
本発明はまた、以下の非限定的な実施形態を提供する。
トロンボポエチンミメティックの投与は、勃起不全のラット前立腺照射モデルにおける血管機能を保存する
材料および方法
動物:35匹の8週齢Sprague Dawleyラット雄をチャールズリバー研究所(Malvern、PA)から入手し、標準収容条件下で対で収容した。動物は、生理食塩水/シャム、生理食塩水RT、TPOm/シャム、TPOm/RTの4つの群に分けられた。すべての動物実験は、デューク大学医学部施設実験動物委員会によって承認された。
TPOmは、放射線治療(RT)後の体重増加率の低減から保護する。
RT後、すべてのラットが体重を増加し続けており、それは放射線処置の精度および胃腸管組織への曝露を最小限にする能力があることを示している。しかしながら、生理食塩水照射ラットの時間軸に対する体重は、他のすべての処置群(図1A)と比較して体重の減量率および規模を示した。体重増加、RT後の時間および処置様式の有意な(p=0.0054)相互作用を実証する、2元配置の反復測定ANOVAを行った。平均体重増加率の差は、生理食塩水/シャム(27.5±2.8g/週)、TPOm/シャム(37.7±3.3g/週)、生理食塩水/RT(21.6±1.6g/週)およびTPOm/RT(28.6±3.9g/週)群間で観察された(図1B)。しかしながら、テューキーの事後検定前の2元配置ANOVAは、TPOm/シャムおよび生理食塩水/シャム群間で、有意な対応のある差(p<0.05)を特定しただけである。
TPOmが血管機能を保存することができたかどうかをアセスメントするために、超音波音響心臓検査を使用して、ヒドララジン投与に応答した陰部動脈拡張を測定した(図2)。照射(p=0.86)、TPOm、(p=0.47)または相互作用(P=0.46)に関して、群にわたって、ベースラインの動脈直径に有意な差はなかった。ヒドララジン注入後、生理食塩水/シャムラットからの動脈直径は、有意に、平均28.8%±14.6%増加した。TPOmのみで処置されただけの非照射ラットは、直径が10.4%±10%の増加を示した。生理食塩水/RTラット由来の動脈は、ヒドララジン後に拡張することができず、直径はベースラインから−7.4%±9.9%の非有意な変化を示し、RTがラット内の動脈機能、例えば陰部動脈拡張に障害をもたらすこと示している。しかしながら、RT後のTPOm処置は、動脈機能を保存し、例えばラットを陰部動脈拡張障害から保護し、動脈はヒドララジンに応答して24.1%±7.2%の直径の変化を示し、非照射対照に比べて有意な差はなかった。
RTおよびTPOm相互作用の、陰茎動脈上への作用を評価するために、冷凍保存した陰茎をCD31の発現に関して組織学的に評価を行い、血管系を特定した(図3A)。生理食塩水またはTPOmで処置された非照射ラットの陰茎動脈の周囲長に差はなかった。しかしながら、シャム/生理食塩水対照と比較して、照射は有意に動脈の断面積を減少させた(p<0.01)。陰茎動脈の断面積におけるこの減少は、TPOm/RTラットには現れなかったので(図3B)、これはRTにより誘発された血管収縮からの保護作用を示唆する。CD31染色(CD31+ピクセル数)を血管内皮の厚さのマーカーとして評価し、この数値を動脈の寸法の違いを考慮するために、動脈周囲長に標準化した。CD31+ピクセル/μmとして出現する場合、2元配置ANOVAは、RTの有意な作用を示したが、どの処置群間においてもCD31密度にペアワイズ差はなかった(図3C)。
照射誘発性EDのラットモデルが照射線量とEDの出現との間でS字関係を示すことが既に観察されている(Koontz et al.)、「Dose dependence of radiation-induced erectile dysfunction in an animal model」J. Sex. Med.9(the 17th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting of Sexual Medicine Society of North America, Las Vegas, NV, Nov. 10-13(2011)(2012))。14、20および25Gyの線量は、それぞれ、50%、80%、および100%のラットにEDをもたらすであろう(データは示さず)。TPOmの軽減作用をテストするために、20Gyの線量を適用して線量応答曲線のS字部分にそって変化を検出した。TPOmのみで処置されたラットはICP:MAPの増加した変数を示したが、平均は、生理食塩水で処置された非照射ラットと有意な差は認められなかった(図4)。RTで処置されただけの6匹のラットのうち、5匹は、0.6を超えるICP:MAP比を産生することができず、この研究において83%のED透過度を示した。照射後のTPOm処置は、67%の透過度でEDを予防しなかった。2元配置ANOVAは、RTの有意な作用(p=0.0043)を示し、テューキー事後検定分析は、非照射のシャム対照と、生理食塩水/RTおよびTPOm/RTラットとの両方の群の間で有意な差を特定した。
トロンボポエチンミメティックの、放射線誘発性の血管浸透性および白血球粘着に与える作用を評価するための、新規のマウス耳介静脈モデルの適用。
材料および方法
動物。Flkl−mCherryマウス(Larina et al., Anat. Rec. 292(3):333-41(2009))をデューク大学飼育コア施設内で繁殖させた。少なくとも8週齢の、雄および雌のマウスを障壁のない施設に移動させ、実験の期間は群で飼育した。Flk1−mCherryマウスの血管内皮細胞は、恒常的にmCherryを発現し、このmCherryによって生体内顕微鏡画像および分析が容易になった。すべての動物実験は、デューク大学医学部施設実験動物委員会によって承認された。
CF(t)=vbCB(t)+(1−vb)CT(t) (0.3)
[式中、vbは、血管系を構成する視野における面積の端数(未知の)である]の通り表すことができる。等式(0.3)における未知の組織TAC CT(t)は、次いで等式(0.2)を使用して以下:
血管透過性へのTPOmの作用
照射媒介血管内皮細胞死の結果の1つは、低減した血管完全性であり、これは、血管漏出をもたらす(Weintraub et al., Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(12):1237-9(2010))。70kDaのFITC−デキストランを静脈内注射後に血管系からのデキストラン遊出を定量することによって、血管完全性を評価した。このサイズのデキストランは、アルブミンサイズに近いことから選択され、したがってその血管外遊出は生理学的に関連する(Dreher et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 98(5):334-44(2006))。撮影を開始して30秒後にデキストランを注射し、バックグラウンドシグナルを確立した。注射後、血管系内に強力な蛍光シグナルが現れ、そのシグナルは血管ネットワーク中に拡がった。漏出は、血管内から発生したFITCシグナルの「拡がり」として観察された。
非照射対照マウスは、強力な血管完全性を示し、シグナルは血管内に留まり、撮影セッション中の25分間で認められるような変化はなかった。RTによって血管完全性が損なわれなかったマウスにおいては、FITCシグナルが、血管マスクを超えて明らかに延びた。透過率を各マウスで算出し、示した。
これまでの研究には、照射された小腸(Johnson et al., BMC Surgery 4:10 (2004))、皮膚(Kimura et al., Int.J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33(3):627-33(1995))、および舌下粘膜(Birer et al., “Inhibition of the continuum of radiation-induced normal tissue injury by a redox-active mu porphyrin”, Radiation Research, 188(1):94-104(2017))の終末細静脈において増加したローリング白血球をもたらす照射媒介による炎症応答の定量を行うために生体内顕微鏡を利用している。白血球内皮相互作用を評価するために、照射(6Gy)後24時間の耳の血管系のリアルタイム画像を得た。血管内アクリジンオレンジ注射後、白血球核に標識をして蛍光顕微鏡による可視化が可能になった。ShamおよびRTマウスの両方において、ローリングする白血球が、血管壁に沿ってフリーフローから明白に別の速度で縁に移動する様子が現れた(A)。
Claims (15)
- 標的放射線治療に曝露された対象における血管完全性を保護する方法であって、有効量の配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含むトロンボポエチン(TPO)ミメティックを対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記TPOミメティックが、下記の式(I)
- 前記TPOミメティックが配列番号4を含むロミプロスチムである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 標的放射線治療に曝露された前記対象が、がんの治療中である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、前立腺がん、頭頸部がん、肝細胞癌、結腸がん、肺がん、メラノーマ、膵臓がんおよび乳がんからなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が前記放射線に曝露されてから少なくとも約10分〜少なくとも約420分後に、前記対象に前記TPOミメティックを投与する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が放射線に曝露されてから少なくとも約20分〜少なくとも約360分後に、前記対象に前記TPOミメティックを投与する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が放射線に曝露されてから少なくとも約40分〜少なくとも約240分後に、前記対象に前記TPOミメティックを投与する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が放射線に曝露されてから少なくとも約60分〜少なくとも約180分後に、
前記対象に前記TPOミメティックを投与する、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記標的放射線治療および前記有効量の前記TPOミメティックの投与後、前記対象が陰部動脈血管拡張障害から保護される、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記標的放射線治療および前記有効量の前記TPOミメティックの投与後、前記対象が低減された血管収縮を有する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記標的放射線治療および前記有効量の前記TPOミメティックの投与後、前記対象が低減された血管漏出を有する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記標的放射線治療および前記有効量の前記TPOミメティックの投与後、前記対象が低減された血管内皮白血球相互作用を有する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記標的放射線治療が外部放射線治療、内部放射線治療、および全身ラジオアイソトープ治療からなる群から選択される、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 標的放射線が、10〜70グレイ(Gy)の線量で投与される、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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- 2018-07-26 EP EP18752969.8A patent/EP3658191A1/en active Pending
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PH12020500166A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 |
US20200164039A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
WO2019023418A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
IL272213A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
CA3070442A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
BR112020001367A2 (pt) | 2020-08-11 |
CN111432845B (zh) | 2024-02-06 |
EP3658191A1 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
CN111432845A (zh) | 2020-07-17 |
KR20200059213A (ko) | 2020-05-28 |
AU2018306329A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
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