JP2020525026A - コハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母 - Google Patents
コハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020525026A JP2020525026A JP2019572199A JP2019572199A JP2020525026A JP 2020525026 A JP2020525026 A JP 2020525026A JP 2019572199 A JP2019572199 A JP 2019572199A JP 2019572199 A JP2019572199 A JP 2019572199A JP 2020525026 A JP2020525026 A JP 2020525026A
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- yeast cell
- succinic acid
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- succinate
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年6月30日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/527,351号の優先権を主張する。
該当なし。
該当なし。
一微生物から別の微生物に遺伝子を移すことができるので、3つの大文字からなる名前は、細菌又は酵母のいずれか由来の遺伝子又は酵素を指すことができる。例えば、「PCK」とは、ある細菌の若しくはこれ由来の又はある酵母の若しくはこれ由来のいずれかの、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ、或いはホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼをコードする遺伝子を指すことができる。3つの大文字の記号が遺伝子を指すかタンパク質を指すかどうかは、特定の使用法に関する文脈から推測できる。
ーである(Sunら、2012)。
ークルとしてのプラスミド中にアセンブリ経路カセットをインテグレーションすることがより簡便となるように、それぞれ所望の遺伝子は異なるプロモーターに連結される。経路カセットはアセンブリされた後、上記の宿主株中に組み入れられる。
還元的TCA分岐の組込み
酵母では、TCAサイクルに関与する酵素はミトコンドリアに標的化される。ピルベート及びオキサロアセテート産生までの解糖は細胞質で起こる。最適なスクシネート産生ルートを有するために、細胞質に必要な全酵素を有することが好ましい。細胞質還元的TCA分岐の場合、MDH、FUM、及びFRD酵素は細胞質に全て局在化している必要がある。これは、ミトコンドリアの標的配列を欠く細菌遺伝子を発現させることにより、又は酵母タンパク質に見られるミトコンドリアの標的配列を排除することにより行うことができる。加えて、エネルギー的により有利なスクシネートへのルートを生産するのに、PCK活性の上昇も望まれる。MDH、FUM、FRD、及びPCKの高活性は、遺伝子の発現を高強度のプロモーターとリンクさせることによって得ることができる。そのような高強度プロモーターの例には、限定されないが、PDC、TDH(トリオースリン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ)、ENO(エノラーゼ)、TPI(トリオースリン酸イソメラーゼ)、TEF(翻訳伸長因子)、ADH(アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ)、及びGDP(グリセロール-3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ)が含まれる。一般に、解糖に関与する遺伝子のプロモーターは、構成的に発現される強力なプロモーターであり、遺伝子の過剰発現にとって良い選択である。
ペントースリン酸経路を通じてのフラックスが上昇したコハク酸経路及びPGI活性の排除又は低減
宿主株が還元的TCA分岐の発現を伴って構築されると、高収率のコハク酸経路のためにさらなる還元当量が必要である。さらなる還元当量を産生できる1つの方法は、ペントースリン酸経路(PPP)を通じての炭素フラックスの方向転換によることである。少なくとも部分的な方向転換は、前述の過剰発現の方法を使用してグルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(ZWF)の活性を高めることによって得ることができる。炭素のより完全な方向転換は、グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(PGI)活性を低下又は欠失させることによって得ることできる。欠失によって、グルコース上で増殖する場合、PPPを通じてのNADPHの産生が最高となる。別の実施形態では、ZWF、PGL、及び/又はGND活性の上昇、及びグルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼの排除又は低減の両方を、同じ細胞に操作する。
PFLによるアセチル-CoAへの外来性ルート
還元的TCA分岐のバランスをとるのに必要な還元当量はまた、グリオキシル酸シャントを進行させることにより生成することができる。元々、グリオキシル酸シャントは、唯一の炭素源としてアセテート又は2炭素単位上で増殖する方法を細胞に提供する。グリオキシル酸シャントは、クエン酸リアーゼ(CIT)によるアセチル-CoA及びオキサロアセテートからのシトレートの形成で始まる。次いで、アコニターゼ(ACO)によってシトレートからイソシトレートが産生される。イソクエン酸リアーゼ(ICL)は、イソシトレートをグリオキシレートとスクシネートとに変換する。リンゴ酸シンターゼ(MLS)は、アセチル-CoA及びグリオキシレートを凝縮してマレートを形成する。次いで、産生されたマレートは、FUM及びFRDによってスクシネートに更に変換される。サイトゾル性のアセチル-CoAは通常、PDCを介して酵母で産生される。しかし、エタノール以外の製品用に操作された酵母では、PDCは典型的には不活性化される。これは、サイトゾル性のアセチル-CoAを産生するのが困難な細胞を提示する。これは、ミトコンドリアで産生されたアセテートを利用し、これを細胞質に輸送し、次いで、アセテートをアセチル-CoAに変換することにより行うことができるが、これには、細胞エネルギー論の点では高コストの反応である、ATPのAMPへの変換が必要である。エネルギー使用(例えばATP)と還元電位との両方の点に関してより好ましい生化学的ルートでは、ピルビン酸ギ酸リアーゼ(PFL)及びギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(FDH)を利用する。PFLには、機能性のために2種のポリペプチド、PflA及びPflBが必要である。PflAは、触媒酵素PflBにグリシル基を生成する活性化酵素である。PFLは既知のいずれの酵母にとって生来のものではないが、先の研究ではPFLを酵母で機能的に発現させることが可能であると示されている。潜在的な問題の1つは、PFLは嫌気性酵素として知られており、培養条件(例えば、高エアレーション)に応じて、PFLが不活性化される可能性がある、ということである。最近の研究では、それぞれのパートナーレダクターゼと一緒のフラボドキシン又はフェレドキシンの過剰発現を通して、酵母のPFLの好気的機能性が強化される可能性が示されている。「フラボドキシン」及び「フェレ
ドキシン」とは、酸化還元反応で作用するいくつかの小タンパク質のうちのいずれかを指し、これは、活性化、再活性化、又は酸化からの保護によってPFLの比活性を高めるように機能することができる。機能的なPFLは、グリオキシル酸シャント経路に入ることができるアセチル-CoAを、またフォーメートを生成することになる。フォーメートは、ギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼによってCO2に更に変換することができ、一方、1個のNADHも生成して、この経路の利用可能な還元力を更に強化する。宿主株がサイトゾル性の還元的TCA分岐を発現するように操作されたら、グリオキシル酸シャントに必要な4つの酵素(CIT、ACO、ICL、及びMLS)もまた、前述の方法を使用して細胞質で発現させることができる。この株に、大腸菌由来のpflA及びplfB遺伝子を染色体上に又はプラスミド上にいずれかに導入できる。加えて、フェロドキシン又はフラボドキシン及びそれらに伴うパートナー酸化還元酵素を、例えばコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)ATCC 13032由来のfdxB及びCG0639又は大腸菌K-12由来のfldA及びfprをまた、必要であれば、付加して及び/又は過剰発現させて、PFLの活性を高める又は不活性化からこれを保護することができる。最後に、FDH(ギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ)は、S.セレビシエ又は細菌源由来の遺伝子を組み込むことにより、活性の点で付加する又は高めることができる。付加された又は高まったギ酸脱水素活性を含む、スクシネートを産生するように操作された株に、NADHの形態で還元的コハク酸経路向けの還元当量を提供するために、グルコースに加えてフォーメートを任意選択で供給することができる。
Claims (20)
- ペントースリン酸経路を通じてフラックスを増加させる少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換え、及び少なくとも1つのコハク酸生合成経路における少なくとも1つの酵素の活性を高める少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを含む、コハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- ペントースリン酸経路を通じてフラックスを増加させる前記少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えは、グルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(ZWF)の活性を高める、請求項1に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- ペントースリン酸経路を通じてフラックスを増加させる前記少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えは、グルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼホスホグルコースイソメラーゼ(PGI)の活性を低下させる、請求項1に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- ペントースリン酸経路を通じてフラックスを増加させる前記少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えは、ホスホグルコースイソメラーゼ(PGI)の活性を低下させ、グルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(ZWF)、6-ホスホグルコン酸ラクトナーゼ(PGL)、及び6-ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(GND)からなる群から選択される1つ又は複数の酵素の活性を高める、請求項1に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 少なくとも1つのコハク酸生合成経路における前記少なくとも1つの酵素は、リンゴ酸酵素(MAE)、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ(PCK)、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(PYC)、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(PPC)、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(MDH)、フマラーゼ(FUM)、及びフマル酸レダクターゼ(FRD)からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼの活性を低下させる少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを更に含む、請求項1に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- リンゴ酸酵素の活性を高める少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換え並びにNADH、NADPH、及びFADHからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの還元補因子のアベイラビリティを高める少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを含む、コハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記リンゴ酸酵素はNADH依存性リンゴ酸酵素である、請求項7に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記リンゴ酸酵素はNADPH依存性リンゴ酸酵素である、請求項7に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 少なくとも1つの還元補因子のアベイラビリティを高める前記少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えは、外来性ピルビン酸-ギ酸リアーゼの付加である、請求項7に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 外来性ギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼを更に含む、請求項10に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記ピルビン酸-ギ酸リアーゼを活性化するタンパク質と、
フェレドキシン及びフェレドキシンレダクターゼ、又は
フラボドキシン及びフラボドキシンレダクターゼと、
を更に含む、請求項10に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。 - ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼの活性を低下させる少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを更に含む、請求項7に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 外来性リンゴ酸酵素並びにNADH、NADPH、及びFADHからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの還元補因子のアベイラビリティを高める少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを含む、コハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記外来性リンゴ酸酵素はNADH依存性リンゴ酸酵素である、請求項14に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記外来性リンゴ酸酵素はNADPH依存性リンゴ酸酵素である、請求項14に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 少なくとも1つの還元補因子のアベイラビリティを高める前記少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えは、外来性ピルビン酸-ギ酸リアーゼの付加である、請求項14に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 外来性ギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼを更に含む、請求項17に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
- 前記ピルビン酸-ギ酸リアーゼを活性化するタンパク質と、
フェレドキシン及びフェレドキシンレダクターゼ、又は
フラボドキシン及びフラボドキシンレダクターゼと、
を更に含む、請求項17に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。 - ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼの活性を低下させる少なくとも1つの遺伝子組換えを更に含む、請求項14に記載のコハク酸産生が増加した遺伝子組換え酵母細胞。
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