JP2020521098A - 気体を液化するための装置およびプロセス - Google Patents
気体を液化するための装置およびプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020521098A JP2020521098A JP2019563768A JP2019563768A JP2020521098A JP 2020521098 A JP2020521098 A JP 2020521098A JP 2019563768 A JP2019563768 A JP 2019563768A JP 2019563768 A JP2019563768 A JP 2019563768A JP 2020521098 A JP2020521098 A JP 2020521098A
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- nitrogen
- liquid
- stream
- oxygen
- valve
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 448
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 221
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009474 immediate action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
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- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
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- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
- F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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- F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04321—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of oxygen
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- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/58—One fluid being argon or crude argon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
- F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年5月16日に出願された米国仮出願第62/506,932号の利益を主張するものであり、この仮出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (11)
- 空気分離プラントと共に使用するために構成された液化装置であって、
断熱されたハウジング中に提供される熱交換器システムであって、酸素冷却器、予熱器、煮沸器、凝縮器、追加された冷却熱交換器、タービン排気相分離器、酸素産生フラッシュポット、窒素産生フラッシュポット、窒素ポンプフラッシュポット、前記フラッシュポット中の窒素浴の液体高さを制御するための複数のレベル制御弁、ならびに入口および排出口ラインの間を連結する入口および排出口ラインのシステムを含む、熱交換器システムと、
前記空気分離プラントから前記熱交換器システムへの、気体酸素流、低圧気体窒素流、および高圧気体窒素流と、
並列に連結された複数のタービン膨張機、および直列に連結された複数のタービンブースターを含む、前記熱交換器システムに作動可能に連結されたタービンアセンブリであって、各タービン膨張機およびタービンブースターは関連する入口流量計を有し、各タービン膨張機は可変案内羽根を有し、各タービンブースターは関連するアフタークーラーおよびサージ制御弁を有する、タービンアセンブリと、
前記煮沸器への液体窒素流の前記圧力を増大させるための、前記熱交換器システムに作動可能に連結された窒素ポンプシステムと、
前記酸素冷却器、煮沸器、および凝縮器を連続的に通過して連結され、前記酸素産生フラッシュポットのチューブ側に入り、かつ過冷却された液体酸素アウトプットとして貯蔵へと出る、前記気体酸素流と、
前記酸素産生フラッシュポットからの窒素流れと、前記タービンアセンブリの前記タービンブースターに連結する前記合わせた流れとを合流する、前記空気分離プラントからの前記低圧気体窒素流と、
主要な窒素気体流れを前記熱交換器システムへ提供する、前記タービンブースターからの圧縮された気体窒素の出口流れであって、前記流れが、前記酸素冷却器を温めるように設定された制御弁を有する第1の分岐と、第2のバイパス分岐と、前記予熱器を温めるように設定された制御弁を有する第3の分岐とに分岐し、次いで、前記分岐が、再合流して、窒素浴を沸騰させるために前記煮沸器に温かい流れを提供し、次いで、前記凝縮器に入り、かつ前記タービンからの前記排気流れとの熱交換を経験する前記流れを冷却し、2相液体気体窒素流を形成し、これは、前記2相窒素流をさらに冷却するために前記追加された冷却熱交換器へ入り、次いで、前記ポンプフラッシュポットに送られて、単相液体窒素流を生成する、出口流れと、
前記ポンプフラッシュポットを出て前記窒素ポンプシステムへと続く前記液体窒素流に連結する分岐であって、前記流れ圧力が増大する場合、前記ポンプシステムからの第1の流れは、前記煮沸器にフィードし、かつ前記ポンプシステムからの第2の流れは、前記ポンプフラッシュポットの前記シェル側に逆連結する、分岐と、
前記予熱器にフィードする前記煮沸器からの前記第1の流れであって、前記窒素流れが蒸発し、次いで、前記タービン膨張機への入口に連結し、かつ前記タービン膨張機からの前記出口排気流れが前記タービン排気相分離器に連結する、前記第1の流れと、
前記相分離器からフラッシュポットへの制御された液体窒素流れ、ならびに圧力制御弁へと続き、かつ前記高圧窒素入口ラインに合流する前記凝縮器、煮沸器、および酸素冷却器へ至る前記相分離器の気体流オフと、
前記窒素産生フラッシュポットの前記チューブ側へと続く、前記ポンプフラッシュポットを出る前記液体窒素流と連結する別の分岐であって、そのアウトプットが過冷却された販売可能な窒素製品である、別の分岐と、を備える、液化装置。 - 前記アフタークーラーが、前記タービンパッケージからの前記圧縮された気体窒素出口上で90度の温度を保持するように設定される、請求項1に記載の液化装置。
- 前記アフタークーラーが、2重空気冷却ファンシステムをさらに備え、その各ファンが、25馬力のパワーベルトで駆動されるファンであり、一方のファンが固定されたピッチファンであり、他方のファンが可変ピッチファンである、請求項2に記載の液化装置。
- 前記窒素ポンプシステムが、2つの別個の窒素ポンプを含み、その各々がその独自の入口弁、出口弁、および逆止弁を有し、前記ポンプの一方のみが一度に作動する、請求項3に記載の液化装置。
- 前記窒素ポンプシステムが、前記ポンプがオフであるか、ゆっくりと変化するポンプスピードである場合に前記煮沸器に対する液体の前記量を調節するためにポンプレベル制御弁を有するポンプバイパスラインをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の液化装置。
- 前記ポンプフラッシュポットの前記シェル側に至る自動制御弁への流れラインをさらに備え、前記制御弁は常時閉である、請求項5に記載の液化装置。
- バックアップ気体窒素システムをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の液化装置。
- 前記液体酸素の前記決定された純度に応じて前記液体酸素を廃棄または貯蔵のいずれかに導くための逆止弁および自動制御弁を含む前記酸素産生フラッシュポットの前記排出口からの入口を備える液体酸素フィルタシステムをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の液化装置。
- 前記予熱器タービン膨張機からの前記蒸発した窒素出口流れが、前記タービンから3パーセント超の液体排出を引き起こすほど冷たい状態であってはならない、請求項1に記載の液化装置。
- 空気分離ユニットから液体窒素および酸素を産生するためのプロセスであって、
酸素ならびに高圧および低圧気体窒素流を別々に純粋な気体として液化装置にフィードすることと、
前記気体酸素を連続的に酸素冷却器、煮沸器、凝縮器、および酸素フラッシュポットへと通過させて、液体酸素流を提供することと、
前記液体酸素流を酸素フィルタハウスへフィードして、前記液体酸素の純度を測定し、次いで、精製された前記液体酸素を貯蔵へと移動させ、それにより、前記酸素は、液体から気体への状態変化により前記酸素フィルタハウスに引き入れられることと、
前記凝縮器、煮沸器、および酸素冷却器を連続的に通過する前記フラッシュポットからの低圧気体窒素流をフィードし、前記フラッシュポットからの前記低圧流と前記空気分離プラントからの前記低圧窒素流とを合流させることと、
前記合流した低圧窒素流を、直列に配置された複数のタービンブースターおよびアフタークーラーにフィードして、前記圧力を増大させ、前記窒素流を冷却して、主要な窒素流れを提供することと、
分岐ライン中の前記主要な流れを、前記酸素冷却器、予熱器、およびバイパスにフィードして、次いで、前記主要な流れに再合流させることと、
前記再合流した主要な流れを前記煮沸器にフィードして、前記タービンに圧力を与え、次いで、前記煮沸器から前記凝縮器へは気体として、次いで、前記凝縮器から追加された冷却器へは2相液体としてより低い温度となり、次いで、低圧での窒素浴により冷却されたポンプフラッシュポットへと続き、単相の使用可能な液体窒素として前記ポンプフラッシュポットを出ることと、
液体窒素ポンプシステムへと続く前記ポンプフラッシュポットの使用可能な液体窒素オフの一部をフィードすることと、
前記ポンプシステムの出口では、使用可能な液体窒素の第1の調節された流れを前記煮沸器にフィードし、蒸気点まで沸騰させ、それにより、前記蒸気の前記圧力蒸気点を複数のタービン膨張機内の案内羽根により引き止め、次いで、前記蒸発した窒素流れを第2の予熱器にフィードする前記煮沸器からの出口では、次いで、並列に配置された前記複数のタービン膨張機を稼働させて、より低い圧力窒素気体流れを産出し、この出口気体は、液体温度低圧力気体に近接しており、ほぼその沸点にあり、かつより高い圧力窒素流およびより低い圧力窒素流からの気化による潜熱を取り除くことができることと、
前記タービン膨張機からの前記より低い圧力窒素気体流れを、前記相分離器の3パーセント以下の液体オフを産生するように調節されたタービン排気相分離器中へフィードし、前記タービンの前記出口温度および排出自動制御弁により制御された液体レベルを保持し、この温度は、煮沸器圧力および予熱器フィード温度に依存するものであり、次いで、前記凝縮器に冷凍を付与するための前記凝縮器へと続くことと、
前記相分離器の気体流を前記凝縮器へフィードし、次いで、前記煮沸器へ、次いで、前記酸素冷却器へと続いて、より多くの液体を作製し、前記酸素冷却器を出ると、圧力制御弁を含有するラインへ続き、より高い圧力窒素流入口と合流し、これを用いて前記予熱器を温め、前記予熱器を迂回し、および前記最終タービンブースターに連結して、前記主要な流れの作製に合流することと、
前記相分離器の前記液体オフを、別個の自動レベル制御弁により調節されるような前記酸素フラッシュポット、前記窒素産生フラッシュポット、およびポンプフラッシュポットにフィードし、かつ前記相分離器の残存する任意の液体オフを制御弁へフィードして、前記液体をフラッシュし、次いで、低圧力ラインへフィードされて、前記窒素産生フラッシュポット排気気体へと続くことと、
低圧流れを前記空気分離プラントへフィードして、前記低圧塔およびアルゴンシステムに冷凍を付与することと、
前記ポンプフラッシュポットからの窒素流れを前記産生フラッシュポット、次いで、貯蔵へとフィードすることと、を含むプロセス。 - オープンループ冷凍システムであって、それ自体の液体に到達するために1つ以上の向流熱交換器およびフラッシュポットを用いるオープンループ冷凍システムと、煮沸器に圧縮の熱を提供するためのタービンブースターと、凝縮器に冷凍を提供するためのターボ膨張機と、前記ターボ膨張機に圧力を構築するためのポンプと、を備える、液化装置。
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EP4246070A1 (de) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-09-20 | Linde GmbH | Gasverflüssigungsverfahren und gasverflüssigungsanlage |
CN115721499B (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2024-04-05 | 金陵科技学院 | 一种带涡轮增压的微高压氧舱及其使用方法 |
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- 2018-05-16 JP JP2019563768A patent/JP2020521098A/ja active Pending
- 2018-05-16 US US15/981,819 patent/US10852061B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-16 CA CA3063409A patent/CA3063409A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-16 WO PCT/US2018/033052 patent/WO2018213507A1/en unknown
- 2018-05-16 EP EP18802873.2A patent/EP3625509A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-16 AU AU2018269511A patent/AU2018269511A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN110869687B (zh) | 2021-11-09 |
WO2018213507A8 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
CN110869687A (zh) | 2020-03-06 |
US11204196B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
CA3063409A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
EP3625509A4 (en) | 2021-02-10 |
WO2018213507A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
AU2018269511A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
EP3625509A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
US10852061B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
US20210164729A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
US20180335256A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
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