JP2020518717A - 複合層、その製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
複合層、その製造方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020518717A JP2020518717A JP2019558508A JP2019558508A JP2020518717A JP 2020518717 A JP2020518717 A JP 2020518717A JP 2019558508 A JP2019558508 A JP 2019558508A JP 2019558508 A JP2019558508 A JP 2019558508A JP 2020518717 A JP2020518717 A JP 2020518717A
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- metal
- layer
- composite layer
- carbon nanotubes
- composite
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/12—Electroforming by electrophoresis
- C25D1/14—Electroforming by electrophoresis of inorganic material
- C25D1/16—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/02—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/666—Composites in the form of mixed materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
カーボンナノチューブを提供する工程と、
電解液溶液中にカーボンナノチューブを分散する工程と、
各々が電解液と接触している、金属を含む作用電極及び対電極を提供する工程と、
作用電極をカーボンナノチューブ及び金属で電気めっきして、少なくとも10μm/分の複合層厚変化率で、少なくとも厚さ10μmに複合層を成長させる工程と、を含み、
ここで、少なくともプロセスの一部として、少なくとも10μmの厚さの複合層は、
を満たす密度比を有し、
式中、ρ層は、複合層に存在する全ての空隙を含めた、少なくとも10μmの厚さを有する複合層の嵩密度であり、ρ金属は、金属の体積質量密度材料特性である。
第1の態様に記載されるカーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を提供する、又は、第2の態様に記載されるプロセスを実行し、カーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を製造する工程と、
複合層内に追加の金属の電気めっきを実行し、電鋳物を生成する工程と、を含む。
を満たす密度比を有し得り、
式中、ρ層は、複合層に存在する全ての空隙を含めた、少なくとも10μmの厚さを有する複合層の嵩密度であり、ρ金属は、金属の体積質量密度物質特性である。
を表す。
を満たす密度比を有し得る。
を満たす密度比を有し得る。
を満たす密度比を有し得る。
を満たす密度比を有し得る。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、速い電着プロセスを提供する。酸化又は、より一般的には、官能化多層カーボンナノチューブ(ox−MWCNT)を電着添加剤として用い、その空隙率を同時に制御しながら、電気めっきされる金属−ナノチューブナノ複合体の速度と析出厚さを向上させる。カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)複合体のバルクプロセスは、(1)不均一なCNTの分散により生成される応力集中、(2)ナノ及びマイクロスケール構造制御の欠如、(3)弱い素材マトリクス、及び(4)乏しい粒子間及びマトリックス粒子の相互作用により、一般的に弱い素材特性をもたらすため、堅牢な金属−ナノチューブナノ複合体の形成は、長年の問題である。これらの問題に対処することは、例えば、強度、伝導性及び熱伝導性が向上した複合体材料を提供するのに役立つ。
酸化CNT懸濁液の調製:工業級MWCNT(Nanocyl、NC7000、100mg)を硝酸(Sigma−Aldrich、70%、20mL)に入れ、マイクロ波反応装置(Anton Paar、Multiwave PRO)内で酸化させる。混合物を激しく攪拌し、10分で175℃に加熱し、30分一定の状態を維持し、室温に冷却する。得られた酸化CNT分散液を、その後200mLのDIで希釈し、繰り返し洗浄した後、80℃で一晩乾燥させる。超音波浴(Elma、320W6時間)を使用し、50mLのDI中で110mgの酸化CNTを再分散する。一晩デカントした後、上清を回収した。溶液の濃度をTGA分析により計測し、0.1重量%に希釈した。
Susumu Arai,Morinobu Endo,Norio Kaneko“Ni−deposited multi−walled carbon nanotubes by electrodeposition”Carbon42(3):641−644,December 2004
Susumu Arai,Takashi Saito,Morinobu Endo“Cu-MWCNT Composite Films Fabricated by Electrodeposition”J.Electrochem.Soc.2010,volume157,issue3,D147−D153
R.Manu and S.Priya“Implication of electrodeposition parameters on the architecture behavior of MWCNT - incorporated metal matrix”Applied Surface Science,Volume284,1 November 2013,Pages270-277
Guangyu Chai,Ying Sun,Jianren’Jenny’Sun,Quanfang Chen“Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-copper nanocomposites”Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering,Volume18,Number 3(2008)035013
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Claims (16)
- カーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層であって、前記層が、少なくとも10μmの厚さを有し、前記カーボンナノチューブが、層全体に分散され、前記層に少なくとも0.001体積%かつ最大65体積%の体積分率で存在し、前記体積分率が、細孔容積は含まない、金属及びカーボンナノチューブの総体積に基づく、複合層。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、略均一に金属でめっきされる、請求項1に記載の複合層。
- 前記金属が、アンチモン、ヒ素、ビスマス、カドミウム、クロム、コバルト、銅、金、インジウム、イリジウム、鉄、鉛、マンガン、ニッケル、オスミウム、パラジウム、白金、レニウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、セレン、銀、テルル、タリウム、スズ、亜鉛、及びこれらの合金からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、前記合金には、セリウム、ガドリニウム、ランタン、ネオジム、プラセオジム、サマリウム、イットリウムを含むものが含まれる、請求項1又は2に記載の複合層。
- 前記複合層が、
を満たす密度を有し、
式中、ρ層は、複合層に存在する全ての空隙を含めた、前記少なくとも10μmの厚さを有する複合層の嵩密度であり、ρ金属は、金属の体積質量密度物質特性である、請求項1〜3に記載の複合層。 - カーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を製造するプロセスであって、前記プロセスが、
カーボンナノチューブを提供する工程と、
電解液溶液にカーボンナノチューブを分散する工程と、
前記金属を含む作用電極及び対電極を提供することであって、各々が電解液に接触している、提供する工程と、
前記作用電極を前記カーボンナノチューブ及び金属で電気めっきし、少なくとも10μm/分の前記複合層の厚さ変化速度で、少なくとも10μmの厚さに前記複合層を成長させる工程と、を含み
少なくともプロセスの一部で、前記少なくとも10μmの厚さの複合層が、
を満たす密度比を有し、
式中、ρ層は、複合層に存在する全ての空隙を含めた、前記少なくとも10μmの厚さを有する複合層の嵩密度であり、ρ金属は、金属の体積質量密度物質特性である、カーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を製造するプロセス。 - 前記少なくとも10μm/分の複合層の厚さ変化速度で複合層を成長させるために前記作用電極を前記カーボンナノチューブ及び金属で電気めっきする間、面密度の変化速度が最大0.8kg/m2/分である、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、ヒドロキシル、フェノール、カルボニル、カルボン酸、カルボキシル、リン酸、ホスホノ、スルホン酸、スルフヒドリル、硫化物、二硫化物、アミノ、四級アンモニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つで官能化される、請求項5又は6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブの官能化度が、少なくとも1重量%である、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液が、少なくとも析出の開始時において、少なくとも0.0001重量%のカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液が、少なくとも析出の開始時において、0.2重量%以下のカーボンナノチューブを含む、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液が、少なくとも析出の開始時において、0.05〜1.2Mの範囲の金属濃度を有する、請求項5〜10のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 伝熱のための蒸発濃縮装置であって、前記装置は、蒸発器領域及び濃縮器領域を有する密閉容器を備え、前記容器は容器の内面に形成されたウィッキング層及び容器内の作動流体を有し、前記ウィッキング層は、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のカーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を含み、蒸発器領域における作動流体の蒸発、蒸発器領域から濃縮器領域への蒸発した作動流体の物質移動、及び濃縮器領域における作動流体の濃縮は、伝熱に貢献し、濃縮した作動流体は、ウィッキング層に沿って蒸発器領域へ戻される、蒸発濃縮装置。
- ヒートパイプの形状である、請求項12に記載の蒸発濃縮装置。
- 蒸気チャンバの形状である、請求項12に記載の蒸発濃縮装置。
- アノード、電解液、及びカソードを備えた電気化学装置であって、前記アノード及び前記カソードの少なくとも一方が、活物質層及び集電層を含み、前記集電層が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のカーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層である、電気化学装置。
- 電鋳プロセスであって、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のカーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を提供する工程、又はカーボンナノチューブと金属の複合層を製造するために請求項5〜11のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスを実行する工程と、
電鋳生成物を生成するために、複合層に追加の金属の電気めっきを実行する工程と、を含む、プロセス。
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