JP2020507121A - 指向性拡散反射をもたらす、透明な層でできた積層要素 - Google Patents
指向性拡散反射をもたらす、透明な層でできた積層要素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020507121A JP2020507121A JP2019541242A JP2019541242A JP2020507121A JP 2020507121 A JP2020507121 A JP 2020507121A JP 2019541242 A JP2019541242 A JP 2019541242A JP 2019541242 A JP2019541242 A JP 2019541242A JP 2020507121 A JP2020507121 A JP 2020507121A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
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- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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Abstract
Description
− 実質的に同一の屈折率を有しており、かつ平滑な外部主面をそれぞれ有する、二つの透明な外部層、及び
− 外部層の間に介在する中央層であって、外部層の屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有している少なくとも一つの透明な層、又は金属層を含む、中央層、
であって、
この積層要素の二つの隣接する層のうちの一つは、金属層であるか、又はこの積層要素の二つの隣接する層は、異なる屈折率を有している二つの透明な層であって、この積層要素の二つの隣接する層間の、すべての接触面は、テクスチャー加工されており、かつ互いに平行である、透明な積層要素であり、
ここで、この外部層の少なくとも一つの側面で、この積層要素の拡散光反射は、正反射の方向とは異なる方向で、少なくとも一つの最大を有し、かつ
この積層要素の表面は、同一の大きさの複数の画素に分割されていて、それぞれの画素は、少なくとも一つの側の長さが500μmであるか又はそれよりも小さく、好ましくは、200μmであるか又はそれよりも小さく、
それぞれの画素の範囲内にあるテクスチャー加工した接触面のそれぞれのテクスチャーは、テクスチャー加工した全接触面のテクスチャーの勾配分布ftot(θx,θy)に対して相関係数rを有する勾配分布fpix(θx,θy)を有しており、
この積層要素は、N個の画素の試料について、この試料のそれぞれの画素の相関係数r(fpix,ftot)の平均が、0.8であるか又はそれよりも高いものである、
ことを特徴とする。
この積層要素の二つの隣接する層のうちの一つは、金属層であるか、又はこの積層要素の二つの隣接する層は、異なる屈折率を有している二つの透明な層であり、この積層要素の二つの隣接する層間の、上記のテクスチャー加工した接触面のそれぞれのテクスチャーは、式z=f(x,y)を有し、かつこの接触面の座標(X0,Y0)のそれぞれの点において、以下のとおりの第一の指向性勾配θx及び第二の指向性勾配θyを有しており:
− 一方の金属層、この金属層の屈折率は重要ではなく、かつ
− 他方の透明な層、特に誘電体層、外部層の屈折率に対する、この透明な層の屈折率の差は、考慮に入れられる。
− このテクスチャー加工した接触面のうちの一つのテクスチャーのプロファイルz=f(x,y)を測定すること(一つの表面がテクスチャー加工したすべての接触面を代表するので、一つの表面の測定で十分である)、例えば、中央層の表面を、STILからのMICROMESURE2プロフィロメーターを使って、試料採取間隔1μm×1μmで、1mm×1mmの面積について測定する;
− この表面のそれぞれの位置について、第一及び第二の指向性勾配
− 透明な要素とは、少なくともこの要素の目的とする用途に有用な波長領域で、この要素を通じた放射線を透過する要素である。例として、要素が建築の又は乗り物のグレージングとして使用されるものであるときには、この要素は、可視波長領域で、少なくとも透明である。
− 透明なグレージングとは、有機又は無機の、硬質の透明な基材である。
− 平滑な表面とは、この表面について、表面のでこぼこが、この表面に入射する放射線の波長よりも小さいサイズであるような表面であり、したがって、この放射線は、これらの表面のでこぼこによっては、進路をはずれない。このため、入射放射線は、この表面を正反射し、かつ正透過する。
− テクスチャー加工した表面とは、この表面について、表面特性が、表面に入射する放射線の波長よりも大きい規模で変化するような表面である。このため、入射放射線は、この表面を拡散反射し、かつ拡散透過する。
− 中央層は、金属材料でできている単一の層、又はテクスチャー加工した外部層の屈折率と異なる屈折率を有している透明な材料、特に誘電材料でできている単一の層によって形成され、ここで、この層は、テクスチャー加工した外部層の、テクスチャー加工した主面上に適合して堆積されている;あるいは
− 中央層は、金属材料でできている少なくとも一つの層、又はテクスチャー加工した外部層の屈折率と異なる屈折率を有している透明な材料、特に誘電材料でできている少なくとも一つの層を含む、複数の層の積み重ねによって形成され、ここで、これらの層は、テクスチャー加工した外部層の、テクスチャー加工した主面上に適合して、連続して堆積されている。
− 二つの平滑な主面を含む、ポリマー、ガラス、又はセラミックから選択される透明な基材、
− 初期には、粘稠であり、液体又はペースト状態にある、作業を行うのに適した硬化可能な材料、特に、ゾル−ゲル層、
− ポリマーをベースとする中間層シート、特に、熱成形可能な、又は感圧性の中間層シート。
Claims (15)
- 以下を含む、透明な積層要素(1):
− 実質的に同一の屈折率(n2、n4)を有しており、かつ平滑な外部主面(2A、4A)をそれぞれ有する、二つの透明な外部層(2、4)、及び
− 前記外部層(2、4)の間に介在する中央層(3)であって、前記外部層の屈折率とは異なる屈折率(n3)を有している少なくとも一つの透明な層、又は金属層を含む、中央層(3)、
であって、
前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層のうちの一つは、金属層であるか、又は前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層は、異なる屈折率を有している二つの透明な層であり、前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層間の、すべての接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)は、テクスチャー加工されており、かつ互いに平行である、透明な積層要素(1)、
ここで、前記積層要素(1)の一つの側面に入射する放射線(Ri)について、前記積層要素(1)の拡散光反射は、正反射の方向(Rs)とは異なる方向で、少なくとも一つの最大を有し、かつ
前記積層要素(1)の表面は、同一の大きさの複数の画素に分割されていて、それぞれの画素は、少なくとも一つの側の長さが500μmであるか又はそれよりも小さく、好ましくは、200μmであるか又はそれよりも小さく、
それぞれの画素の範囲内にあるテクスチャー加工した接触面のそれぞれのテクスチャーは、テクスチャー加工した全接触面のテクスチャーの勾配分布ftot(θx,θy)に対して相関係数rを有する勾配分布fpix(θx,θy)を有しており、
前記積層要素(1)は、N個の画素の試料について、前記試料のそれぞれの画素の相関係数r(fpix,ftot)の平均が、0.8であるか又はそれよりも高いものである、
ことを特徴とする。 - 前記積層要素(1)は、観測者に対して、軸Oxが水平方向にあり、軸Oyが鉛直方向にある座標系(O,x,y,z)の、面Oxyに実質的に平行になるようにして、観測者が使用することが意図されており、
前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層のうちの一つは、金属層であるか、又は前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層は、異なる屈折率を有している二つの透明な層であって、前記積層要素(1)の二つの隣接する層間の、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーは、式z=f(x,y)を有し、かつ前記接触面の座標(X0,Y0)のそれぞれの点において、以下のとおりの第一の指向性勾配θx及び第二の指向性勾配θyを有しており:
- 勾配(θx,θy)のそれぞれの組の頻度に相当する、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布は、Oを中心とする直交座標系の軸のうちの少なくとも一つについて、軸対称性を有さない、請求項2に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 勾配(θx,θy)のそれぞれの組の頻度に相当する、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布は、Oを中心とする潜在的ピークを除いて、Oを中心としない単一のピークを有している、請求項2又は3に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 勾配(θx,θy)のそれぞれの組の頻度に相当する、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布は、Oを中心とする潜在的ピークを除いて、Oを中心としない少なくとも二つのピークを有している、請求項2又は3に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布のすべてのピークが、Oを中心とする直交座標系の単一の軸に沿って、整列している、請求項5に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 勾配(θx,θy)のそれぞれの組の頻度に相当する、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布は、Oを中心とする直交座標系の軸の一つに対して、互いに対称である二つのピークを有している、請求項5に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 勾配(θx,θy)のそれぞれの組の頻度に相当する、前記テクスチャー加工した接触面(S0、S1、・・・、Sk)のそれぞれのテクスチャーの勾配分布は、Oを中心とする潜在的ピークを除いて、Oを中心としない少なくとも一つのピークを有しており、かつこのピークについての、軸Oθxに沿ったピークの幅と、軸Oθyに沿ったピークの幅の比であるアスペクト比が、1とは異なる、請求項2〜7のいずれか一項に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 前記試料のそれぞれの画素の相関係数r(fpix,ftot)の平均が、0.9であるか又はそれよりも高い、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の透明な積層要素。
- それぞれの画素の少なくとも一つの側の長さが、150μmであるか又はこれよりも小さく、好ましくは、100μmであるか又はこれよりも小さい、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の透明な積層要素。
- N個の画素の試料が、N+2個の画素から選択され、最も高い相関係数を有する画素及び最も低い相関係数を有する画素は除かれる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 前記積層要素(1)が可撓性のフィルムである、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の透明な積層要素。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の積層要素(1)を含む、透明なグレージング(10)、特に、透明なプロジェクションスクリーン。
- 前記積層要素(1)に接して配置されている、少なくとも一つの追加の層、好ましくは、以下から選択される層をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の透明なグレージング:
− 二つの平滑な主面を含む、ポリマー、ガラス、又はセラミックから選択される透明な基材、
− 初期には、粘稠であり、液体又はペースト状態にある、作業を行うのに適した硬化可能な材料、特に、ゾル−ゲル層、
− ポリマーをベースとする中間層シート、特に、熱成形可能な、又は感圧性の中間層シート。 - 空気と、前記グレージングの外部主面を形成する層を作っている材料との間の界面に、少なくとも一つの反射防止コーティング(7)を含んでおり、前記主面は、前記グレージング上に像を投影する時に、プロジェクターに対して反対側になることが意図されている、請求項13又は14に記載の透明なグレージング。
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MX2019009052A (es) | 2019-09-26 |
US10831092B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
US20200012180A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
EP3577520A1 (fr) | 2019-12-11 |
KR102485161B1 (ko) | 2023-01-06 |
FR3062339B1 (fr) | 2022-07-22 |
MA47421A (fr) | 2019-12-11 |
CA3051047A1 (fr) | 2019-08-09 |
CN108713163A (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
KR20190113867A (ko) | 2019-10-08 |
EP3577520B1 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
JP7163295B2 (ja) | 2022-10-31 |
CN108713163B (zh) | 2021-04-13 |
WO2018142050A1 (fr) | 2018-08-09 |
RU2721899C1 (ru) | 2020-05-25 |
FR3062339A1 (fr) | 2018-08-03 |
BR112019015326A2 (pt) | 2020-03-10 |
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