JP2020136271A - リチウム電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020136271A JP2020136271A JP2020021609A JP2020021609A JP2020136271A JP 2020136271 A JP2020136271 A JP 2020136271A JP 2020021609 A JP2020021609 A JP 2020021609A JP 2020021609 A JP2020021609 A JP 2020021609A JP 2020136271 A JP2020136271 A JP 2020136271A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- lithium battery
- compound
- carbonate
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 cyclic carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 107
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- SMUGGIBTPHEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FCCF SMUGGIBTPHEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical group COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006749 (C6-C60) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006761 (C6-C60) arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006472 Li1.02Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UEQSFRGFGPJOFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N F.O=C1OCCO1 Chemical compound F.O=C1OCCO1 UEQSFRGFGPJOFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000631760 Homo sapiens Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQLSDFNKTNBQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1P(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F FQLSDFNKTNBQLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPYUOUCILLEBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)P(C1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)F)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)F OPYUOUCILLEBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEPJPYNDFSOARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GEPJPYNDFSOARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUMZKMRZMVDEOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)P([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C OUMZKMRZMVDEOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
正極と、負極と、前述の正極と負極との間に介在される電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表示される正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表示される不飽和(unsaturated)化合物と、を含む、リチウム電池が提供される:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
前記化学式1で、
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.8≦y≦0.98、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数−1または−2である元素であり、
Q1及びQ2のうちいずれか一つが、−(L1)−(R1)で表示される基であり、Q1及びQ2のうち残り一つが、−(L2)−(R2)で表示される基であり、
L1は、置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルケニレン基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルキニレン基のうちから選択され、
L2は、置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリーレン基であり、
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基のうちから選択される。
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表示される正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表示される不飽和(unsaturated)化合物と、を含む:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
前記化学式1で、
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.8≦y≦0.98、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数−1または−2である元素であり、
Q1及びQ2のうちいずれか一つが、−(L1)−(R1)で表示される基であり、Q1及びQ2のうち残り一つが、−(L2)−(R2)で表示される基であり、
L1は、置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルケニレン基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルキニレン基のうちから選択され、
L2は、置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリーレン基であり、
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基のうちから選択される。
重水素、−F、−Cl、−Br、−I、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミジノ基、ヒドラジノ基、ヒドラゾノ基、C1−C30アルキル基、C1−C30アルコキシ基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘキセニル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基及びナフチル基のうちから選択された少なくとも一つで置換された、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、フルオレニレン基、スピロ−ビフルオレニレン基、ベンゾフルオレニレン基、ジベンゾフルオレニレン基、フェナントレニレン基及びアントラセニレン基;のうちからも選択される。
例えば、前記L2は、フェニレン基またはナフチレン基でもある。
メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基及びイソブチル基のうちから選択された少なくとも一つで置換された、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラセニル基、ビフェニル基及びターフェニル基;のうちからも選択される。
n11、n21、n12及びn22は、互いに独立して、0ないし5の整数であり、
Y1及びY2は、互いに独立して、−CH=CH−または−C≡C−であり、
R11ないしR15、及びR21ないしR25は、互いに独立して、水素、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基及びイソブチル基のうちからも選択される。
R11ないしR15、及びR21ないしR25のうち少なくとも一つが、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基及びイソブチル基のうちからも選択される。
一具現例によれば、前記化学式1でMは、Co、Al及びMnのうち1以上の元素でもある。
[化学式3]
Lix’Niy’Co1−y’−z’Alz’O2
[化学式4]
Lix’Niy’Co1−y’−z’Mnz’O2
前述の化学式3及び化学式4で、0.9≦x’≦1.2、0.88≦y’≦0.98、0<z’<0.1、0<1−y’−z’<0.2である。
例えば、正極活物質、導電剤、バインダ及び溶媒が混合された正極活物質組成物が準備される。前記正極活物質組成物が正極集電体上に直接コーティングされ、正極が製造される。対案として、前記正極活物質組成物が別途の支持体上にキャスティングされた後、前記支持体から剥離されたフィルムが金属集電体上にラミネーションされても正極が製造される。前記正極は、前述のところで列挙した形態に限定されるものではなく、前記形態以外の形態でもある。
例えば、負極活物質、導電剤、バインダ及び溶媒を混合し、負極活物質組成物が準備される。
下記の表2及び表3に記載された構成通り、リチウム電池を製造した。各構成は、具体的には、下記のように製造した。
正極活物質として、LiNi0.88Co0.10Mn0.02O2、導電剤として、カーボンブラック、バインダとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを使用し、前述の正極活物質、導電剤、バインダを、97.7:1:1.1の重量比で、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に入れてミキシングした。得られた混合物を、15μm厚のアルミニウムホイルに、片面当たり33mg/cm2の量で分散させ両面コーティングした。このアルミニウムホイルを、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が3.6g/ccになるように正極1を製造した。
正極活物質として、LiNi0.88Co0.10Mn0.02O2、導電剤として、カーボンブラック、バインダとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを使用し、前述の正極活物質、導電剤、バインダを、97.7:1:1.1の重量比でN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に入れてミキシングした。得られた混合物を、12μm厚のアルミニウムホイルに、片面当たり33.6mg/cm2の量で分散させ両面コーティングした。このアルミニウムホイルを、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が3.6g/ccになるように正極2を製造した。
負極活物質として、SSC−G[約100nm大きさのSiを含む二次粒子を作った後、これをCVD及びピッチでカーボンコーティングして、1300mAh/gの容量を発揮するように設計した活物質(SSC:グラファイト=14.7:85.3)]と、バインダ(AGバインダ)とを96:4の重量比でN−メチルピロリドンに入れてミキシングした。得られた混合物を、8μm厚の銅ホイルに片面当たり15.6mg/cm2の量で分散させ両面コーティングした。この銅ホイルを、乾燥後圧延して、電極密度が1.65g/ccになるように負極1を製造した。
負極活物質としてSSC−G[100nmサイズのSiを含む二次粒子を作った後、これをCVD(chemical vapor deposition)及びピッチでカーボンコーティングし、1,300mAh/gの容量を発揮するように設計した活物質(SSC:グラファイト=14.7:85.3)]と、バインダ(AGバインダ)とを、96:4の重量比で、N−メチルピロリドンに入れてミキシングした。得られた混合物を、8μm厚の銅ホイルに、片面当たり15.5mg/cm2の量で分散させ両面コーティングした。この銅ホイルを、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が1.65g/ccになるように負極2を製造した。
溶媒1として、1.15M LiPF6及びFEC/EC/EMC/DMC(体積比:3/10/47/40)、溶媒2として、1.3M LiPF6及びFEC/EC/EMC/DMC(体積比:5/20/35/40)に、ビニレンカーボネート(0.5wt%)とTMP(2wt%)とを追加したもの、溶媒3として、1.3M LiPF6及びFEC/EC/EMC/DMC(体積比:3/15/12/70)を使用した。溶媒1ないし3に添加剤として、下記表2及び3に記載された添加剤を添加し、電解質を製造した。各添加剤の構造を、下記表1に示した。
前記正極と負極との間に、ポリプロピレンで製造された16μm厚の分離膜を介在させ、前記電解質を注入してリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1ないし5、及び比較例1ないし7でそれぞれ製造されたリチウム電池に対して、25℃で0.2C rate(レート)の電流で、電圧が3.6V(対Li)に至るまで定電流充電し、次に、放電時、電圧が2.8V(対Li)に至るまで、0.2 rateの定電流で放電した(化成段階、最初のサイクル)。その後、0.2C rateの電流で、電圧が4.25V(対Li)に至るまで定電流充電した。次に、放電時、電圧が2.8V(対Li)に至るまで、0.2 rateの定電流で放電した(化成段階、2回目サイクル)。第三に、0.5C rateの電流で、電圧が4.25V(対Li)に至るまで定電流充電し、次に、定電圧モードで4.25Vを維持しながら0.05C rateの電流でカットオフ(cut−off)した。次に、放電時、電圧が2.8V(対Li)に至るまで、0.2 rateの定電流で放電した。4番目の化成工程は、3番目工程の反復である(0.5C充電/0.2C放電)。最後に、0.2C rateで、4.25V(対Li)まで定電流充電し、定電圧モードで4.25Vを維持しながら、0.05C rateの電流でカットオフする。
実施例6ないし10、及び比較例8でそれぞれ製造されたリチウム電池に対して、1C/1Cの充放電電流、2.8Vないし4.3Vの作動電圧、CC・CV 1/10Cカットオフ条件で、45℃で200サイクル充放電した後、寿命及び直流内部抵抗を測定した。結果を下記表3に示した。
2・・・負極
3・・・正極
4・・・セパレータ
5・・・電池ケース
6・・・キャップアセンブリ
Claims (20)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極と負極との間に介在される電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表示される正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表示される不飽和化合物と、を含むリチウム電池:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
前記化学式1で、
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.8≦y≦0.98、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数−1または−2である元素であり、
Q1及びQ2のうちいずれか一つが、−(L1)−(R1)で表示される基であり、Q1及びQ2のうち残り一つが、−(L2)−(R2)で表示される基であり、
L1は、置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルケニレン基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC2−C20アルキニレン基のうちから選択され、
L2は、置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリーレン基であり、
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、及び置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基のうちから選択される。 - 前記不飽和化合物の含量は、前記電解質100重量部当たり0.005重量部ないし5重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記化学式3及び4で、n12及びn22は、それぞれ0であり、
R11ないしR15、及びR21ないしR25のうち少なくとも一つが、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基及びイソブチル基のうちから選択されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記電解質において、前記リチウム塩の濃度は、1.0Mないし1.5Mであることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記非水系溶媒は、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、メチルプロピルカーボネート(MPC)、エチルプロピルカーボネート(EPC)、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、メチルプロピオネート(MP)、エチルプロピオネート、プロピルプロピオネート(PP)、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(TEGDME)、及びそれらの混合物からなる群のうちから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記電解質は、環状カーボネート化合物、環状酸無水物化合物、リン(P)含有化合物、硫黄(S)含有化合物、またはそれらの混合物をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記リン含有化合物は、ホスフィン化合物、ホスフェート化合物及びホスファイト化合物のうちから選択される1以上であり、
前記硫黄含有化合物は、スルホン化合物、スルホネート化合物、スルトン化合物及びジスルホネート化合物のうちから選択される1以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記電解質100重量部当たり、前記環状カーボネート化合物、環状酸無水物化合物、またはそれらの混合物の含量は、0.1重量部ないし2重量部であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記環状カーボネート化合物は、フッ化エチレンカーボネート(FEC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)及びビニルエチレンカーボネート(VEC)のうちから選択される1以上であり、
前記環状酸無水物化合物は、マレイン酸無水物及びコハク酸無水物のうちから選択される1以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記化学式1でMは、Co、Al及びMnのうち1以上の元素であることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記化学式30または化学式40で表示されることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池:
[化学式30]
Lix’Niy’Co1−y’−z’Alz’O2
[化学式40]
Lix’Niy’Co1−y’−z’Mnz’O2
前述の化学式30及び化学式40で、0.9≦x’≦1.2、0.88≦y’≦0.98、0<z’<0.1、0<1−y’−z’<0.2である。 - 前記正極は、Li1.02Ni0.80Co0.15Mn0.05O2、Li1.02Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.10Mn0.02O2、Li1.02Ni0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2、LiNi0.94Co0.04Mn0.02O2、Li1.02Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2、Li1.02Ni0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.10Al0.02O2、Li1.02Ni0.91Co0.06Al0.03O2及びLiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2のうちから選択される1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記負極は、負極活物質を含み、
前記負極活物質が、シリコン系化合物、炭素系化合物、シリコン系化合物と炭素系化合物との複合体、及びシリコン酸化物(SiOx1、0<x1<2)のうちから選択される1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記負極活物質がシリコン系化合物またはシリコン酸化物を含み、
前記シリコン系化合物は、シリコン粒子を含み、前記シリコン粒子の平均直径は、200nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記リチウム電池の、25℃での200サイクル充放電後容量維持率は、75%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記リチウム電池の、25℃での200サイクル充放電後の直流内部抵抗(DCIR)上昇率が180%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
- セルエネルギー密度が、500Wh/L以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。
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