JP2020119887A - 電極及びその製造方法、電極素子、電気化学素子 - Google Patents
電極及びその製造方法、電極素子、電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020119887A JP2020119887A JP2019213644A JP2019213644A JP2020119887A JP 2020119887 A JP2020119887 A JP 2020119887A JP 2019213644 A JP2019213644 A JP 2019213644A JP 2019213644 A JP2019213644 A JP 2019213644A JP 2020119887 A JP2020119887 A JP 2020119887A
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- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MFTPIWFEXJRWQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OP(O)(O)=O MFTPIWFEXJRWQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical class NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium disulfide Chemical compound S=[Ti]=S CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- GCRCSLNXFKCFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(hexyl)azanium Chemical class CCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC GCRCSLNXFKCFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
電極は、電子の受け渡しに直接関与する活物質と、必要に応じて導電助剤やバインダ等とにより電極合材層を電気伝導体である電極基体と一体化したものを指す。
負極用電極基体11を構成する材料としては、導電性材料で形成されたもので、印加される電位に対して安定であれば、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択できるが、例えば、ステンレススチール、ニッケル、アルミニウム、銅、炭素等が挙げられる。負極用電極基体11の形状に特に制限はなく、シート状、板状、メッシュ状など目的に応じて適宜選択できる。
電極合材層は、活物質に、必要に応じて、バインダ、増粘剤、導電助剤、分散媒等を加えてスラリー状又はインク状とした液体組成物を、電極基体上に塗布した後、乾燥させることで形成できる。液体組成物を電極基体へ塗布する方法としては、ダイコート法、コンマコート法、スピンコート法、キャスティング法、マイクログラビアコート法、グラビアコート法、バーコート法、ロールコート法、ワイアーバーコート法、ディップコート法、スリットコート法、キャピラリーコート法、スプレーコート法、ノズルコート法、スクリーン印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、オフセット印刷法、反転印刷法、インクジェット印刷法等を使用できる。乾燥後は、電極密度の向上、電極基体と電極合材層又は電極合材層中の活物質同士の密着性の向上、電極合材層の表面平坦性の向上等の目的でロールプレス機等で加圧してもよい。
−負極、正極の作製−
図5は、本実施形態に係る負極の製造方法を例示する図であり、図1に示す負極10を作製する例である。本実施形態に係る負極10の製造方法は、本実施形態に係る液体組成物を、インクジェット法を用いて、負極用電極基体11上に吐出する工程を含む。
多孔質絶縁層13は、樹脂多孔質絶縁層、樹脂粒子積層体、絶縁性無機粒子積層体の何れか1種類以上から構成できる。
図8は、樹脂多孔質絶縁層を模式的に示す図であり、図8(a)は樹脂多孔質絶縁層をXY平面に垂直な方向(Z方向)から視た平面模式図、図8(b)は樹脂多孔質絶縁層をXZ平面で切った断面模式図である。
適切な大きさの絶縁性無機粒子や樹脂粒子を積層することにより、粒子積層体多孔質絶縁層を形成してもよい。前述のように、粒子積層体多孔質絶縁層は、絶縁性無機粒子積層体と樹脂粒子積層体の総称である。
電極上に多孔質絶縁層を形成するには、例えば、電極の作製と同様に図5〜7の製造装置を用いて、樹脂多孔質絶縁層若しくは粒子積層体を形成するための液体組成物を電極上に塗布する。
電解質層51に含有する電解液成分としては、電解質塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液、又はイオン液体等の液体電解質が用いられる。電解質塩の材料としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩等の無機イオン塩、4級アンモニウム塩や酸類、アルカリ類の支持塩を用いることができる。具体的には、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3COO、KCl、NaClO3、NaCl、NaBF4、NaSCN、KBF4、Mg(ClO4)2、Mg(BF4)2等が挙げられる。
負極活物質としては石原産業製チタン酸リチウムを用いた。D50=7μmの二次粒子の状態のものと、これをジェットミルで解砕して得たD50=0.6μmの粒子の活物質をそれぞれ用いた2種類の液体組成物A,Bを用い、2種類の負極A,Bを作製した。何れも導電助剤としてデンカ製アセチレンブラックを活物質100重量部に対して4重量部の割合で添加した。
[正極活物質の製造]
五酸化バナジウム、水酸化リチウム、リン酸、スクロース、水を混合して沈殿を生成させた後、粉砕して、リン酸バナジウム粒子の前駆体スラリーを得た。スプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥したリン酸バナジウム前駆体を、窒素雰囲気下、900℃で焼成し、D50=8μm、炭素含有量3質量%のリン酸バナジウム粒子を得た。これは、一次粒子が凝集している二次粒子の状態であり、二次粒子をジェットミルで解砕して、D50=0.7μmである炭素含有量3質量%のリン酸バナジウム粒子も得た。
正極合材層を形成するための液体組成物としては、D50=8μm、D50=0.7μmの2種類の炭素含有量3質量%のリン酸バナジウム粒子をそれぞれ用いた2種類の液体組成物A,Bを用い、2種類の正極A,Bを作製した。何れも導電助剤としてデンカ製アセチレンブラックを活物質100重量部に対して1重量部の割合で添加した。
電極の表面粗さは共焦点レーザ顕微鏡で計測し、電極表面の凹凸差の最大値Rzを求めた。
正極の合材層、若しくは負極の合材層、又は正極と負極の両方の合材層の表面に、樹脂多孔質絶縁層又は粒子積層体多孔質絶縁層を形成した。
以下に示した割合で材料を混合し樹脂多孔質絶縁層の液体組成物を調製した。
・トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート
(ダイセル・オルニクス株式会社):29質量部
・テトラデカン(関東化学工業株式会社製):70質量部
・Irgacure184(BASF製)(光ラジカル発生剤の一例):1質量部
調製した液体組成物をリコー製インクジェット装置EV2500を用い、電極合材層上に所定の厚みとなるよう吐出した。図1に示したように、樹脂多孔質絶縁層は電極合材層全体を覆うように電極合材層より大きくなるように吐出する。その後、窒素雰囲気下で紫外線照射により液体組成物を硬化させ、その後に、120℃で1分間加熱することでポロジェンである溶媒の除去を行い、多孔質絶縁層Aを備えた電極を作製した。多孔質絶縁層の平均膜厚は断面のSEM写真から求めた。
アルミナ粒子AA−05(住友化学社製)20質量部、フッ素アクリルバインダTRD202A(JSR製)0.3質量部、マリアリムHKM−50A(日油社製)0.2質量部、イソプロピルグリコール30質量部、水49.5質量部を混合し粒子積層体多孔質絶縁層の液体組成物を調製した。
図3に示したように負極及び正極のそれぞれの電極基体に引き出し線を溶接により接合して電極素子を作製した。そして、電極素子に、非水系電解液として1.5M LiPF6 EC:DMC=1:1を注入し、外装としてラミネート外装材を用いて封止し、非水電解液電気化学素子を作製した。
非水電解液電気化学素子について、1C(1時間で放電しきれる電流値)で充放電サイクルを10サイクル実施したときの放電容量に対して、10サイクル後に充電状態で5日間放置した後、放電したときの容量維持率を比較した。多孔質絶縁層の絶縁性に不良があると、正極と負極が部分的に短絡して容量維持率が低くなる。
実施例1では、多孔質絶縁層が設けられていない正極Aと、多孔質絶縁層Aが設けられた負極Bを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。
実施例2では、多孔質絶縁層が設けられていない正極Aと、多孔質絶縁層Aが設けられた負極Aを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。
比較例1では、多孔質絶縁層が設けられていない正極Aと、多孔質絶縁層Aが設けられた負極Aを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。但し、実施例2よりも多孔質絶縁層Aの平均膜厚を薄くした。
実施例3では、多孔質絶縁層が設けられていない正極Aと、多孔質絶縁層Bが設けられた負極Bを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。
実施例4では、多孔質絶縁層が設けられていない正極Aと、多孔質絶縁層Cが設けられた負極Bを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。
実施例5では、多孔質絶縁層Aが設けられた正極Bと、多孔質絶縁層Aが設けられた負極Bを用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。
実施例1〜5、及び比較例1の構成と評価結果を図9に示す。図9より、実施例1〜5のように電極合材層の表面粗さRzが多孔質絶縁層の平均膜厚より小さい場合は、容量維持率が高くなっている。電極合材層の表面粗さRzが多孔質絶縁層の平均膜厚より小さいと、多孔質絶縁層の絶縁性が良好であるため、負極と正極とが短絡することなく、容量維持率が高くなったものと考えられる。
10 負極
11 負極用電極基体
12 負極合材層
13 多孔質絶縁層
13x 空孔
20 正極
21 正極用電極基体
22 正極合材層
40 電極素子
41 負極引き出し線
42 正極引き出し線
51 電解質層
52 外装
Claims (8)
- 活物質を含む電極合材層上に多孔質絶縁層が設けられた電極であって、
前記電極合材層の表面粗さRzが前記多孔質絶縁層の平均膜厚より小さいことを特徴とする電極。 - 前記多孔質絶縁層は、樹脂多孔質絶縁層、樹脂粒子積層体、絶縁性無機粒子積層体の何れか1種類以上から構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記電極合材層を形成する活物質粒子のD50が5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔質絶縁層の積層方向から視て、前記多孔質絶縁層の面積は前記電極合材層の面積より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の電極。
- 少なくとも正極又は負極の何れか一方が請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の電極であることを特徴とする電極素子。
- 正極及び負極の両方が請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の電極であることを特徴とする電極素子。
- 請求項5又は6に記載の電極素子と、
前記電極素子に注入された電解液と、
前記電極素子及び前記電解液を封止する外装と、を有する電気化学素子。 - 請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の電極の製造方法であって、
活物質と分散媒とを含む第1の液体組成物を液体吐出装置から吐出、乾燥することにより前記電極合材層を形成し、
前記電極合材層上に、無機物と分散媒とを含む第2の液体組成物を液体吐出装置から吐出、乾燥することにより前記多孔質絶縁層を形成することを特徴とする電極の製造方法。
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