JP2019512058A - Tapered spiral gas turbine with copolar DC generator for combining cooling, heating, power, pressure, work and water - Google Patents

Abstract

Tapered index spiral for performing work extraction or air cooling with a gas expander. Such tapered exponential spirals may be used in gas compressors to increase the pressure and temperature of the air. The compressor-expander forms a single, simple structure and is convenient for manufacture. A simple equation of temperature drop of tapered exponential spiral for adiabatic expansion of air was obtained. For isothermal compression of air, we obtained an increase in pressure as the air is compressed from the outside to the inside. The spiral proved to be effective for energy conversion. It is improved by changing the geometry and technology of the faraday unipolar dc generator. Much work is done in terms of power conversion efficiency and high voltage power production. The same generator structure can be used as a single pole DC motor. By controlling the voltage, the speed of the motor or generator is controlled. By controlling the current, the torque force utilized or generated is also controlled. The unipolar generator and motor can easily be integrated with the spiral compressor and expander. Three applications have been submitted that make use of these basic inventions. The first is a thermal power turbine powered by the combustion of solar energy or gaseous fuel to be focused. The next is a heat pump which is powered by electric power and used for water cooling, cooling and heating. The third is a method of desalinizing water by the power of solar energy, and by collecting solar light into a saltwater column by means of a tapered reflective surface that tracks the sun, a solar compressor is used to generate a spiral compressor. Provides power to cool low pressure steam. Firefly technology provides a variety of small-scale, local and simple types of energy production, and if necessary, feeds back the power of solar energy to people. 【Selection chart】 None

Description

  The present application, filed on February 2, 2016, “A Tapering Spiral Gas Turbine for Combining Cooling, Heating, Power, Pressure, Work, and Water” (A Tapering Spiral Gas Turbine for Combined Cooling, Heating, Power, Pressure "Work, and Water" disclosed in a provisional US application filed with the sequence number 62 / 290,393 and claimed the priority of the present invention, the above-mentioned provisional application describes the invention by the applicant It was done.

  The world needs clean air, water, foods, energy and transportation, which are accessible and accessible to all humans, not only in developed countries. The normal supply of these convenient facilities is key to technological advances that meet the local and energy (eg, solar energy, bottled liquefied petroleum gas) supply needs of those in the region.

  We are facing global climate change because of the burning of fossil fuels that cause global warming and sea level rise. Coal combustion leads to air pollution. Ground water is being depleted quickly. Global warming causes extreme heat and the need for air conditioning increases, so more fossil fuels that cause global warming need to be used. Its transport requires expensive petroleum products and causes long-term pellet contamination.

  Emphasize three focal shifts to alleviate energy shortages and climate change. The first focus transfer is from energy production to energy application. Energy production is the most comfortable means of clean air, water, foods and transport. Energy saving always causes more comfort.

  The second focus transfer is the transfer from electricity to heat. The heat is used directly for space and water heating, and can be used indirectly to generate power derived from cooling, water, cooking, movement and then movement. The power generated is used for lighting, communication, calculation and electrical transport.

  The energy should be stored in a form close to its application, eg thermal energy in a heat bath, pressure energy to pressurize the gas, cold air to freeze the cryogen or substance for cooling, and electrical energy in a chemical cell It is. Chemical energy should be stored as fuel if available for small, high efficiency turbines.

  The third focus transfer is on-site generation, storage, conversion and utilization of energy. An Edison application model is expected that uses mesh distribution to reverse Centralized Generation (CG) power.

  Called Firefly technology, a technology that integrates microturbines and micro DC generators has been invented. Although personal, it is as efficient as large power plants. CG becomes unnecessary, and it is replaced by personal energy (PE) to move, collect, store and convert energy.

  In the four-stage industrial revolution, PE overwhelmed the complete circulation on behalf of CG. The first revolution concentrates on the work and production of large steam engines, and the second revolution uses the large AC generator driven by steam engines to electrify the world, 3 The second revolution provides a global computing and communication network, and the fourth revolution by MEMS (Micro-Electronic-Mechanical Systems, micro-electro-mechanical system) reverses the first and second revolutions by CG, Overdo PE and localize, miniaturize and personalize everything.

Firefly contains 10 s. Smart (Small), Simple (Small), Simple (Scalable), Strong (Silent), Strong (Silent), Safe (Store), Stylish (Stylish). Firefly provides a combination of cooling, heating, power, pressure, work and water (the first letter abbreviation for CCHP ² W ² ).

  Firefly can contribute to the industrialization of poor countries and will enable production even in rural areas without grids or water networks. In the world, half of people live in situations where electricity or tap water can not be reliably supplied.

The key part of CCHP ² W ² is a high efficiency micro turbine powered by internal combustion of concentrated solar energy or gas fuel. Integrated with the microturbine is a high efficiency micro DC motor-generator.

  Investigate the history of heat engines and generators. Before 2000, Hero in Alexandria Harbor invented the world's first thermal power turbine. The hinged boiler is rotated by jetting the steam generated in the boiler in the opposite direction by the nozzle. The Hero turbines were displayed as unusual in the library of Alexandri.

  Between Hero and the first industrial revolution, the kinetic energy of wind and water comes to be obtained by a turbine (in fact, a rotating device such as a wind mill or a water mill). The vanes or paddles block the wind or flowing water, rotate the turbine and take out the machine work.

  In 1769, James Watt patented the world's first strong and practical steam engine. The steam from the boiler burning the coals driven the pistons in the cylinders, providing extremely high power to the water delivery at the pump, the weave of the fabric and the train drive. People came to cities led by steam-powered locomotives. The centralized manufacturing device is driven by a steam motor. These Rankine Cycle Thermomotors boil the liquid and generate pressure to work.

  In 1816, Rev. Stirling obtained a patent for the Stirling engine. I was interested in the fatal pressure of the steam boiler. The Stirling engine utilizes two cylinders, one for heating the air and one for cooling the air. The expanding air works. These Carnot cycle thermomotors are operated at high temperatures.

  Around 1830, Michael Faraday invented a single pole disk generator. The current is collected from the periphery of the rotating disk sandwiched between the poles of the Type-C magnetic body. Damaged eddy currents are flowing in the rotating disc. Such a generator, for example, is improved by Nikola Tesla, but has not been applied to utility power generation due to its low efficiency and voltage.

  At the beginning of the 20th century, electric companies were created by inventions by Edison and Tesla. The steam engine burning the call produces power by the Tesla AC generator. Steam engines are large and inefficient. These are strong but slow. In order to generate large currents, AC generators require large electro-magnetic materials.

  Nikola Tesla invented a three-phase generator that mutually induces current in the stator and rotor coils. By facilitating voltage conversion, high-voltage power can be effectively transmitted over long-distance grids, and ohmic power losses are significantly reduced. Power companies adopt AC instead of DC.

  Nikola Tesla also invented the Tesla turbine. The turbine includes a stack of closely spaced disks. Steam is injected into the outer periphery of the turbine in the tangential direction. The steam spirals inward towards the center of the stack between each disk. The vapor pulls the disc by the gas viscosity. Tesla states that, theoretically, 90% isentropic efficiency of Carnot cycle efficiency is realized, but can not be verified by the prior art.

  Since 1950, power companies have achieved even higher efficiencies with gas and steam turbines. Steam turbines powered by steam generated by burning coal have an efficiency of about 40%. A large amount of water is required to cool the low pressure steam from the steam turbine. In cooperation with the Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT), an efficiency of over 60% is achieved. The CCGT uses natural gas to drive a Brayton cycle gas turbine. The hot air is vented to produce steam which powers the Rankine cycle steam turbine.

  Since the 21st century, the world is facing pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. The resulting climate change threatens human survival. However, most people in the world are still poor because of the transport of water, heat, cold and food supplied. CG degenerates poor countries where electricity basic facilities are scarce. However, poor people are most affected by global warming, sea level rise and long-term air pollution.

  It is not right to burn more calls to give people a comfortable life. It is not acceptable for us to build a basic facility for collecting, producing and distributing expensive, polluted and wasted energy sources. Natural gas and solar energy are the energy sources chosen for PE. Both are applicable to large amounts of personal energy production and use. PE is highly efficient and clean, local, small and useful, and therefore aesthetic.

  In order to solve the energy and environmental crisis, it is necessary to personalize the production, storage, transformation and use of energy. As our energy source, we will concentrate on heat. The heat may be from solar heat, geothermal heat, or the combustion of pipe natural gas and propane transported in a can.

  Our goal is that small gas turbines are as efficient as large gas turbines, and the cost per watt of power is only a small fraction. Thermoelectric combination production of heat other than power, cold air, water and work is desired.

  It is desirable to find a suitable open air flow geometry that is allowed to release gas pressure progressively to produce a workpiece. It is desirable to avoid pressure being suddenly converted to kinetic energy of the gas.

  It is desirable to reinvent the generator using current magnetics and solid electronic devices. A new geometry of homopolar dc generators that generate electrical power has already been discovered.

  Three applications are submitted based on our microturbine and microgenerator invention. First, a thermal turbine is presented, which integrates a spiral compressor, a spiral expander and our generator. Such a heat engine called Firefly Electric generates work and power.

  The micro-turbine may be applied to the drive of a motor vehicle and directly powers the driveline or indirectly powers the driveline using generated power. The above turbine may be changed to a turbocharger for an automobile piston motor, and the exhaust gas from the tail pipe is used to rotate the spiral expander, and the spiral expander is driven to activate the spiral compressor. Increase machine pressure. Firefly Electric may be applied to the flight of a drone. It is possible to feed homes with solar energy and gas energy when power transmission is stopped.

  The second application is a heat pump of an air spiral compressor that compresses air by driving our motor. Heat of compression is applied to the heating of the water. Compressed air, when cooled, releases water. When expanding, compressed air produces dry and cold air that is applied to air conditioning and cooling.

  The third application is water desalination systems powered by solar energy. Track the position of the sun and collect sunlight into a cylindrical water tank with a tapered reflective surface. Boil the salt water at reduced pressure with solar energy. Solar energy drives our spiral compressor to cool the steam. The desalination system has a high efficiency, as the heat of compression and the heat of cooling are repeatedly used to evaporate more brine.

  A tapered exponential spiral has been found as an effective geometry of air flow to convert the internal energy of pressurized and heated gas into kinetic energy. Resolve the drop in temperature and pressure of the adiabatic air flow in the outward spiral and propel the turbine to generate kinetic energy.

  When pivoting along the opposite rotational direction, the same exponential spiral may be an effective geometry applied for gas compression, conversion of kinetic energy to pressurized and heated gas. The pressure gain of the isothermally compressed gas was solved by the spiral wall pushing the gas to the center.

  The Faraday single pole direct current magnetic disk generator has been improved to solve the problems of current circulation damage and low voltage induction inside the magnetic disk. The new direct current generator utilizes one permanent magnetic ring as the rotor. The magnetic ring has the same magnetic pole (and hence the term co-polar) and induces current in a ring-shaped solenoid as stator coil. The induced voltage is the product of the magnetic field strength, the speed of the rim of the rotor, the number of turns in the stator coil and the height of the stator coil.

The spiral compressor and the spiral expander, and the generator and motor are integrated and applied to three applications.
The first application is a thermal turbine that can convert solar energy or gas combustion heat into work and power. Such thermal power turbines and motors can drive vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, trains and small planes. It can also be applied to feeding and heating homes.

  The second application is a heat pump powered by a motor and compressing wet air to relatively high temperatures and pressures. Compressed air is cooled at room temperature to remove heat and moisture, and hot water and moisture are cooled to produce potable water. The cold and dry compressed air can expand into a spiral expander to produce work and cold air for air conditioning.

  The third application is water desalting systems with solar energy. Due to the sunlight that is collected from the tapered surface tracking the sun, the brine is heated at reduced pressure and boils when it is below 100 ° C. Solar energy is used to compress low pressure steam at the head of the heated water column by means of a spiral compressor. The relatively high pressure steam is cooled to exchange its heat of compression and cooling, further heating the saltwater column and producing more low pressure steam for more potable water. Collect potable water at the bottom of the bottom of the evaporating brine column.

2 shows a tapered exponential spiral. Gas temperature drop ratio T / T ₀ and radius r, Brayton cycle is shown. Gas compression ratio p ₀ / p and radius r, Hui cycle is shown. The geometry of a direct current single pole generator and motor is shown. FIG. 2 is a vertical view of a cross section (center) of a turbine and a generator, and a horizontal cross sectional view of an expander (top spiral disk) and a compressor (bottom spiral disk). FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a heat pump applied to water heating and air conditioning. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar powered desalination system utilizing a spiral compressor. Shown is a tapered reflective mirror that collects sunlight into the water column at the focal line. The vortex compressor is shown in the open position (upper image when the spiral is closest) and the closed position (lower image when the spiral is farthest away). Gas holes are between each spiral.

As a traditional way of compressing or expanding tapered exponential spiral gas, two devices, mainly pistons or fan vanes, are used. The gas is confined in a cylinder with a movable piston so as to be compressed or expanded. The gas may be bombarded with vanes of high speed rotation to provide gas kinetic energy or collect gas kinetic energy.

  The turbines were 3D printed to find the proper geometry of the spiral air flow path. Changed the size and shape of the spiral. We have tested the Archimedes spiral with radius r = aθ + b, but the radius increases linearly with the turning angle θ. As evidenced by the pressurized gas test, the Archimedes spiral is less suitable.

The inventor also tried an exponential spiral named as the inventor and also called Bernoulli spiral. The spiral radius r = ae ^bθ increases exponentially with the angle θ. A long and thin exponential spiral with multiple rings was 3D printed. The rotation is good but the torque produced is very small. The tapering of the relatively short length of the exponential spiral shown in FIG. 1 produces a noticeable torque.

  In nature, exponential spirals such as shells and plants always appear. Because of fluid dynamics, hurricanes exhibit an exponential spiral shape. The star arm of the star system is an exponential spiral. The exponential spiral is due to growth physics. Growth is always self-generated and self-similar.

  Exponential spirals are self-similar and when expanding the center of the spirals, the spirals appear to be similar. The rotating Bernoulli spiral does not cause visual contraction or expansion.

  Such self-similarity results from the important property of the Bernoulli spiral line that the spiral tangent and the spiral radius form an angle. The gas flowing in the Bernoulli spiral pushes the spiral wall at a fixed angle. In contrast, the Archimedes spiral pushes the spiral wall at a decreasing angle.

  The kite flies around to the prey in a similar manner. The whale points to the prey. The line of sight to the whale prey is at a certain angle. The distance between the whale and the prey decreases logarithmically as the whale turns. Such a logarithmic spiral is an inversion of the exponential spiral.

The exponential spiral has a radius r = ae ^bθ , where θ is the polar angle expressed in ^degrees of arc. Logs

  FIG. 1 shows a spiral with an outer wall, which is an exponential spiral. The width between the outer wall and the inner wall is displayed as tapered. The width of the spiral passage decreases exponentially with the angle θ. Such a taper is shown to be the key to maintaining the gas pressure without accelerating the gas quickly.

Temperature change due to adiabatic expansion of the gas in the tapered spiral Since the gas in the tapered exponential spiral adiabatically expands (meaning that it does not exchange heat with the surroundings), we have presented a simple solution. This simple solution is the key to our invention. We can prove the effect of tapered exponential spiral by theory. Closed solutions for gas temperatures in modern turbines are severely lacking.

  Early, use a pressurized air test to drive a long, narrow spiral of constant width. The turbine is spinning quickly but the torque produced is small. Torque force is important for work generation.

  Pressure generates torque. It is conceivable to change the hole area A = wd, which is the product of the width w and the depth d of the spiral, in order to maintain better control over the pressure release. The gas accelerates due to the internal pressure gradient as shown by the Navier-Stokes equation. The tapered shape prevents the gas from accelerating due to gas contraction. Such a taper is shown to delay pressure release.

  The tapered spiral allows the explosive gas to apply more torque to the outer spiral wall, which is longer than the inner wall. Besides the relatively large surface area, the outer spiral wall has a larger radius than the inner spiral wall. The large surface area and wall radius of the outer spiral wall produce more torque than the opposite torque acting on the inner spiral wall.

  The high pressure, hot gas moving into the spiral has mainly two energy components. The first energy content is the gas internal energy due to the amount of heat, which is irregular movement of gas molecules.

  The second energy fraction is the gas kinetic energy, which is the system velocity of the gas. At the center of the spiral heated by high pressure gas, the thermal energy inside the gas is high. Low gas velocity.

  Many micro-turbine designs utilize a nozzle to release gas pressure immediately and convert the gas's internal energy into kinetic energy in an instant. The gas is cooled quickly. After the nozzle, the high speed gas quickly becomes turbulent. The high velocity gas impacts the turbine vanes and produces extremely low torque forces. Most of the kinetic energy of the gas is converted back into heat instead of the work.

  Make an effort not to reduce the gas pressure suddenly. The pressure of the hot gas with the maintenance pressure is used to generate a noticeable torque force at a relatively low angular velocity of the turbine. The turbine driven by the nozzle can provide only a small amount of torque, and a high speed rotating turbine is required.

その速度である。突然の圧力解放とガス加速を防ぐため、我々はこの分量を極小のレベルに保持する。In the energy conversion in our turbines, gas kinetic energy is just an inconspicuous part, like the interpretation of Bernoulli's law. Bernoulli's rule described two quantities of gas energy density. The first quantity is a pressure having an energy unit in unit area. The pressure is the energy density of the internal heat of the gas. Pressure based on the ideal gas equation of state

That's the speed. We hold this volume at a minimal level to prevent sudden pressure release and gas acceleration.

我々のタービンにとって、我々はその圧力を極大値に保持させ、即ち１０ｂａｒまたは１００万パスカルである。ρ〜１ｋｇ／ｍ^３のガス密度を有しかつν＝１００ｍ／ｓのハイスピードで移動

力をいきなり１ｂａｒまで解放すると、ガス速度は超音速に達し、１０００ｍ／ｓを超える。

For our turbines, we keep the pressure at a maximum, ie 10 bar or 1 million Pascals. With a gas density of 〜1-1 kg / m ³ and moving at a high speed of == 100 m / s

When the force is suddenly released to 1 bar, the gas velocity reaches supersonic speed and exceeds 1000 m / s.

  In our design, we prefer to make the depth tapered rather than the width of the spiral passage. FIG. 5 shows the expander at the top of the turbine, which is tapered. As shown in the cross section of the expander, we reduce the depth d and keep the width w constant to reduce the hole area A = wd.

である。ネットトルクは、通路外壁でのより大きいトルク力とその内壁でのトルク力との間の差である。我々はスパイラルの比較的に狭い幅に一定の圧力を有することを仮設する。Consider the torque generated by the pressure acting on the turbine wall. Torque is the pressure p,

It is. The net torque is the difference between the greater torque force at the aisle outer wall and the torque force at its inner wall. We temporarily assume that the relatively narrow width of the spiral has a constant pressure.

る。Torque The net torque between the outer wall and the inner wall is

Ru.

For a turbine rotating at angular velocity ω, this differential torque produces differential power:

  This inference is temporarily set as follows. Ignore the gas kinetic energy and the viscosity of the gas flow. The pressure is consumed as a work and temporarily provided that it is not for accelerating the gas. It is temporarily installed that the pressure and speed of the gas at both ends of the radial width of the thin spiral passage are constant.

Now consider the power flow of the gas in the spiral. Consider the pressure energy component P _f of the air flow. The pressure power flow through area A of the flowing gas at velocity u is P _f = Aup.

である。Due to energy conservation, the power loss P _f is the power gain of the turbine. for that reason,

It is.

を得、
理想気体の状態方程式ｐＶ＝ｎＲＴから、

モル質量ｍ_ｗは、モルあたりのガスの重量である。そのため、ｐ／ρによってガスの温度Ｔを計測。Mass flow preservation implies constant Auρ. Dividing the above equation by Au 、

Get
From the equation of state of ideal gas pV = nRT,

The molar mass m _w is the weight of gas per mole. Therefore, the temperature T of the gas is measured by p / ρ.

を得、
この方程式は使用されるガスの性質によるものである。第１項は、半径両端のガスの熱エネルギー損失である。第２項は、タービンのワークゲインである。A very simple differential equation with these replacements:

Get
This equation is due to the nature of the gas used. The first term is the thermal energy loss of the gas at both ends of the radius. The second term is the work gain of the turbine.

を得る。It is tentatively established that the air flow is insulated, i.e. TV ^γ-1 means constant. The gas volume V is proportional to Au which is the gas flow velocity u at the area A. _{^{Therefore, T (Au) γ-1}} = T 0 (A 0 u 0) is ^gamma-1,

Get

径ｒは直線的なテーパー形を呈する。ｒ＝ｒ_０にとっては、ｄ＝ｄ_０を留意する。スパイラル通路の半径と長さは角度θに従って指数的に増加しているため、通路深さｄは通路長さ

The diameter r exhibits a linear taper. For _r = r _0, to note _d = d _0. Since the radius and length of the spiral passage increase exponentially with the angle θ, the passage depth d is the passage length

Using this passage geometry, the differential equation:

である。If r = r ₀ then the initial condition is T = T ₀ . The solution of the differential equation is

It is.

ｄ_０＝２ｃｍ、最大のスパイラル半径ｒ_１＝４ｃｍ、ｃ＝０．２、ｗ＝０．３ｃｍ、及びγ＝１．４を選択する。

Choose d ₀ = 2 cm, maximum spiral radius r ₁ = 4 cm, c = 0.2, w = 0.3 cm, and γ = 1.4.

ｚ）の場合、ｕ_０＝３７７ｃｍ／ｓであり、風速度は（１５ｋｍ／時間より小さい）。ガスは１０００Ｋから４００Ｋまで冷却される。

In the case of z) u ₀ = 377 cm / s and wind speed (less than 15 km / h). The gas is cooled from 1000K to 400K.

Pressure change due to isothermal compression of the gas in the exponential spiral The above analysis is repeated for the isothermal compression of the gas rather than the adiabatic expansion described above. This analysis is very important for understanding the heat pump performance, and the isothermal process has improved the heat or cold energy production efficiency.
Thermal energy can be exchanged between the working gas and the environment. In the isothermal process, at a constant gas temperature T, the internal energy of the _gas does not change and Q _gas = an RT. For air, a = 2.5, ie the degree of freedom of the gas molecule (ie 5) is divided by two.

に約まる。

To about.

In the isothermal process, at constant T, pV = nRT is constant. The velocity u satisfies the condition that Aup = A ₀ u ₀ p ₀ is a constant at a predetermined value A ₀ · u ₀ · p ₀ . The above differential equation is

を得る。When the solution of the above differential equation is obtained using the similar taper factor c, the pressure ratio is:

Get

ｗ＝１ｃｍである。

w = 1 cm.

The unknown discharge rate u ₀ is determined by the pressure at both ends of the spiral (ie p ₀ and p ₁ ). Place

The pressure increases linearly with the angular velocity ω and the compressor radius. When achieving the same work with a relatively small volume of air flow, the compression increases with the slowing of the flow velocity u ₀ .

に代入し、

減速に従って増加する。

Assign to

Increase as you slow down.

  Tapered holes can increase the compression ratio. Another way to achieve high compression ratios is to compress the air in multiple stages. Each stage of the spiral compressor can be manufactured by 3D printing. High efficiency thermal engines require a high compression ratio of over 20.

  For air conditioning and solar energy desalination, compression ratios as low as 2 are available, and for this compression ratio our spiral compressor is effective and there is no need to utilize spiral tapers or multiple spiral stages.

The new unipolar generator and motor heat pump transfer heat from low temperature to high temperature by doing work. Power is provided by the electrical machine. The heat engine converts the heat into work. A generator can convert power into electrical power. We set out to design new generators and electrical machines. . Precursors like Edison, Tesla and Steinmetz overwhelm the technology available at the time. Now, using current technology, we can redesign better generators and achieve compactness and high efficiency.

The world's first generator was demonstrated in 1831 by Michael Faraday. The Faraday copolar DC generator is less efficient. Here, I point out three problems of the Faraday generator. There is also a deficiency in the geometric dimensions of the Faraday invention.
The first problem is the lack of strong permanent magnets. Because of the lack of strong permanent magnets, Faraday and Henry have to use large electromagnets to derive power. The second problem is the lack of high speed thermal engines, such as current gas turbines. If the magnetic material is not strong, it is not possible to convert the large torque of the steam motor even at the late stage. The third problem is the lack of solid state electronic devices for digital and solid state control of voltage and current. Voltage control with induction coils and transformers is quite cumbersome.

Current technology solved such a problem. The rare earth magnet produces a strong magnetic field. The operation of high speed turbines is much faster than piston steam engines. Solid, high power electronic devices provide agile control over voltage and current. We reinvented the single pole DC generator that was aligning our turbines . This generator is simpler than the Faraday or Tesla generator, but has higher power and voltage. No need for brushes or commutators. High efficiency, no eddy currents and hysteresis losses.

  Adopt a new DC-DC generator as part of Firefly technology. DC is found to be more useful than AC for LED lighting, motor vehicles and battery charging. Digital control and solid-state electronic devices can easily change DC voltage and current over time. It is not necessary to convert DC to AC, for example, by means of a solar energy cell panel connected to the power grid, to convert the DC generated by the solar energy into DC which is necessary to the power grid AC.

  Explain our generator in the space connection test performed by Space Shuttle in 1996. A 2 km long metal core string allows the space shuttle to fly east to a smaller satellite further down the low equatorial orbit. The polytetrafluoroethylene coated tether produces a current of 1 A before the current leaks into the ionization layer, causing the tether to melt and cause satellite loss.

  On the earth, a magnetic field of about 25 UT at the equator points north and passes the string at an orbital velocity of 10 km / s. Electrons flow into the seaplane and leak into the ionized layer there. The resulting voltage is V = E. It is d = | (nu) || B | d = 10,000 m / s * 0.000025T * 2000 m = 5000V. The connection is broken and closer to the shuttle end than the voltage 3500 V at the satellite end. The high voltage of 3500 V passes through the Teflon barrier, electrons jump the ionization layer, enter the air plane and dissipate to the surrounding ionization layer.

  The space string connection test may be an electric motor, and propel the open air plane into a higher orbit by driving current passing through the rigid line, generate electric power and push the open air plane forward. . By pushing forward in this way, the sky plane can rise to a higher orbit. Compared to generators, motors require shorter and stronger pushers, higher currents and multiple rods. The closing of the circuit requires a connecting line, such as the numeral 8, between the ends of the two parallel rods.

  Our single pole DC generator has a similar geometry. For a rotating earth, the open air plane is stationary, ie, the earth is a rotor and the open air plane is a stator. The magnetic material of the rotating magnetic disk below the pointing axis direction in the south pole direction is used. The rotating magnetic field generates an electric field at a stator wire located below the magnetic body of the magnetic disk. The windings cause the current to return to the next circuit of the stator lead without passing through the long stator lead where the current returns. The entire orbit can be a single ring solenoid and the entire magnetic field can be employed.

  A new unipolar generator is shown in FIG. We describe our generator using two simulations. The upper view in FIG. 4 is a simulation based on a Faraday single pole DC generator. The lower diagram in FIG. 4 is a simulation based on the space connection test. The magnetic rotor is similar to the spinning earth. The stator coil is similar to a space connection with a current circuit.

  Faraday's homopolar disc generator has a rotating disc moving around the magnetic disc at a circumferential velocity v. In the periphery, it passes through a single magnetic gap of intensity B. A radial electric field E = ν × B is induced, and the current flows from the center to the periphery of the magnetic disk.

  The generated current is collected by the brush around the magnetic disk. The collected current is returned to the center of the disc through external circuitry to power an electrical device such as an ohmic heater.

  Our new geometry, which is similar to Faraday, is as shown in the upper view of FIG. One permanent magnetic cylinder is used, the outer surface of the cylinder has the north pole, and the inside of the cylinder is the south pole. The cylindrical body of permanent magnetic material forms the rotor of the generator.

  Our geometry is different from that of Faraday. Our rotor is a circular magnetic body. The Faraday rotor is a metal disk rotating between the magnetic poles. Eddy currents flow through the magnetic disk around the poles, causing losses.

  Our stator is an outer cylinder that is concentric with the rotor. The air gap between the stator and the rotor is very small at about 1 mm. It moves at a velocity v according to the radial magnetic field B and induces and generates an upward electric field, producing an electric field E = v × B along the length of the stator cylinder. Both ends of the metal stator cylinder include electrodes of opposite charge.

The voltage is a scalar product of the electric field E and the air cylinder length vector d. If the depth of the magnetic rotor cylinder is d = | d |, the resulting voltage is V = E. d = | ν || B | d.

As the generator operation, the current I.D. generated by this cylindrical single pole direct current generator is generated. The power generated by is P _E = IV = I | ν | B | d.

The electric current I generates electric power by the machine work consumed by the magnetic force. Based on Ampere's law, the force F caused by the current I flowing through the distance d in the magnetic field B is F = I | B | d, ignoring the edge effect. This force acts on the mechanical power generated by resisting the turbine.
The magnetic and mechanical work is the _{work, P M = F | ν |} = I | B | d | ν | = IV = P E, is converted to the power _{P E.} The energy is reserved and perfectly matched with the electrical energy generated by the consumed mechanical energy.

  Our generator does not drain the current circuit in the air cylinder. This is because the only return path for the current is outside the stator cylinder.

  Cylindrical body V = E.2 where the voltage can be increased by connecting the voltages in series without limiting the voltage. d = | ν || B | d. The method as shown in FIG. 4 utilizes n stator solenoids rather than a stator cylinder. The induced voltage in the electromagnetic material is now V = n || E. d || = n | ν || B | d.

  The lower part of FIG. 4 shows another arrangement of the generator which is similar to the space connection test. The stator solenoid is located below the magnetic rotor cylinder with a magnetic axis along the cylinder axis. Another stator solenoid may be located above the magnetic rotor. The electromagnetic coils may operate as independent voltage sources or may be connected in series to double the voltage. The inductive force between the stator and the rotor resists gravity as a magnetic force to float the rotor.

  As an example, consider rotation of a Hui turbo with radius r = 16 cm at f = 100 Hz. The magnetic field strength of the rare earth magnetic material is B = 1T, and the height of the magnetic material is d = 1 cm. The windings of the stator are n = 100. The electric field strength is | E | = | ν × B | = 2πrf × 1T = 100.5 V / m. The induced voltage is V = n | E | d = 100.5V. The power of the generator is P = IV, in which the current I drawn by the external circuit produces a counter torque to the torque force of the turbine.

  The Hui generator may be a Hui motor. Based on Ampere's law, the current I flows through the distance d with the magnetic field B and the force F is F = I | B | d, and the edge effect is ignored. Therefore, when the rotor does not rotate, the electric field E = E × B does not exist for the zero velocity vector v = 0.

  In order to operate the Hui generator as a Hui motor, it is necessary to apply the force of F = I | B | d to the current controller of I. The current controller fixes the current regardless of the motor end voltage V. At higher speeds, the induced electric field becomes stronger and the higher induced voltage V.V. Generate

  The rate at which the power P = IV is converted to mechanical power is determined by the current controller. Current solid state electrons provide effective current and voltage control to facilitate production and speed maintenance.

  Hui motors have many advantages. Control of torque and speed is easy. Efficiency close to 100% can be achieved. Induction motors lose energy by more than 10% due to eddy currents and hysteresis. There are no eddy currents in our motors. Do not use heavy, lossy magnetic cores. Our novel geometry can make the motor smaller. Our DC motors can directly utilize DC power sources, such as chemical batteries, supercapacitors, solar energy cell panels, or our DC generators. Avoid repetitive conversion of DC-AC with loss.

Type 1 application of tapered spiral turbine: gas turbine with unipolar generator

  Our thermal turbines use Brayton thermal power cycles to convert heat into work. The lower part of FIG. 2 shows a pressure-volume graph of the Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle consists of adiabatic and isentropic compression 1 → 2 of air, isobaric heating and expansion 2 → 3 of gas, adiabatic and isentropic expansion 3 → 4 of gas, and isobaric cooling of gas after turbine 4 → 1 Contains four stages.

Analyze the efficiency of the Brayton cycle thermal engine as follows. Consider the temperature T and pressure p of the gas in the Brayton cycle. Adiabatic compression of gas (1 → 2) maintains a constant pV γ TV ^γ-1. In the case of diatomic gas, the adiabatic coefficient is γ = 1.4. Assume that air and fuel are at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 300 K (27 ° C.). By multiplying the adiabatic compression volume by 8 times, the pressure is raised to 18.38 bar and the temperature is raised to 689.2 K (343.3 ° C.).

  When the fuel-air mixture is burning at a constant pressure, the volume of the burning mixture is increased by the heat of combustion and provides a work as the volume expands. After isostatic expansion, the burning air descends to the outlet of the spiral with pressure and is further expanded, as opposed to adiabatic compression of the fuel-air mixture. A further work is provided by adiabatic expansion of the gas in the spiral.

である。The workpiece W is the area in the pressure and volume diagram of the Brayton cycle. In the case of adiabatic expansion, the ^pV γ is constant basis. The pressures P _L and P _H are the low pressure before and the high pressure after the compressor. Volumes V _L and V _H are the low pressure volume before and the high pressure volume after the compressor. Work by Brayton cycle is

It is.

である。The constants C and C 'depend on the initial conditions of the gas volume. The efficiency of this Brayton cycle thermal motor is, with cycle-by-cycle, restandardization with combustion heat Q,

It is.

The Brayton cycle consists of constant pressure (such as

Assuming 8 as the volume compression through the compressor, based on the constant pV ^gamma, pressure is increased 18.38 times. Brayton cycle efficiency is

  FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the Hui thermal engine. The bottom of the thermal engine is a compressor cylinder. A preferred compressor which can be used is the Archimedes Vortex compressor shown in FIG. At the top is an expander taper with a spiral of constant width, said spiral having a tapered depth. Compressed air flows from the top center of the compressor to the bottom center of the expander. The fuel is ignited in the central combustion chamber of the expander via a small pipe from the bottom center of the compressor. The pressure of the air after expansion and combustion rotates a single compressor-expander part to supply motive power. The power is generated by a unipolar generator at the bottom of the part.

Type 2 application of tapered spiral turbines: DC electrical drive heat pump / dehumidifier

  Heat pumps and coolers usually use a cooling agent, such as a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). The HFC gas is compressed and the heat is pumped into the pressurized HFC, which liquefies upon cooling. The liquid HFC is evaporated at reduced pressure to remove heat from the environment. This liquefaction-evaporation cycle constitutes a Rankine cycle heat pump process. However, when a cooling agent (e.g., HFC) is released to the atmosphere, it becomes an effective global warming gas. The amount of heat that HFC captures is 1000 times more than carbon dioxide. Based on recent Kigali talks, we will replace HFCs promptly.

  For airplanes, the preferred air conditioning method is utilized, and the Brayton cycle heat pump process is utilized for the preferred air conditioning method described above instead. Air is exhausted from the jet engine compressor. A slight drop in air pressure quickly cools the exhausted air. Cold air from the vent of the cabin usually has a mist. The mist further cools the air as the mist evaporates. Wet air when compressed causes or becomes a mist. By cooling the moist air to be compressed, the moisture in the air can be removed and water can be generated and consumed. The moisture in the cooling air removes the heat of vaporization of water in the air.

  This observation suggests that the Hui spiral compressor produces cold air and water coolant. Here we explain the benefits of thermodynamics. Here, a new thermokinetic heat pump process is introduced and named Hui cycle as shown in the lower part of FIG. The Hui cycle combines two thermal power cycles, a Carnot cycle with isothermal and adiabatic stages, and a Brayton cycle with equal pressure and adiabatic stages. The isothermal process is used instead of the adiabatic process of the Brayton cycle. Isothermal compression reduced the amount of work required. Isothermal expansion increased the work produced by environmental heat from the environment.

The Hui cycle requires a compressor and an expander having an internal heat exchanger. Heat exchange may be realized by ambient air flow between the spiral passages. FIG. 3 shows the stages of the Hui cycle. There are three temperatures: ambient temperature T _a , high temperature T _H to extract heat, and low temperature T _L to produce cold air.

Stage 1 → 2 is the isothermal compression stage of the gas with T _H , requiring the compression work W _c = nRT _H lnp _H / p _L , among which p _{H and} p _L are the high pressure of the isobaric phase and Low pressure. If not increase the temperature of the gas, this work is completely changed to the compression heat Q _c to dissipate.

Stage 2 → 2α is isobaric cooling from the high T _{H of} the gas to the environment T _a . Stages 2a → 3 are further isobaric cooling of the gas environment T _a to low T _L.

Stages 3 → 4 are isothermal expansion stages at low T _L of the gas, and the absorbed heat quantity Q _e produces an expanded work W _e , among which Q _e = W _e = nRT _L lnp _H / p _L It is.

Stages 4 → 4b are isobaric heating from low T _{L of} gas to environment T _a . Stage 4b → 1 is the further isobaric heating of the gas environment T _a to high T _H.

  The amount of heat is repeatedly used using a reverse flow heat exchanger. For stage 2 → 2a, the heat released is just absorbed by stage 4b → 1. For stages 2a → 3, the heat released is just absorbed by stages 4 → 4b.

である。Below, we will summarize the heating and freezing performance. The heating performance coefficient COP _h is obtained by dividing the generated heat quantity Q _h by the network W _net = W _c -W _e to be formed. for that reason,

It is.

である。The cooling performance coefficient COP _c is obtained by dividing the cold air Q _e generated by isothermal expansion by the network W _net = W _c -W _e . for that reason,

It is.

The water is heated from T _a = 27 ° C. (300 K) to T _H = 77 ° C. (350 K) and the air is T _a = 27 ° C.

  I asked, why do you need a compressed cooling agent? For example, CFC or HFC that consumes ozone or retains heat, rather than directly compressing air. Hui cycle can realize ideal heat pump efficiency. Work is obtained again from the expanded gas. On the contrary, evaporation of the cooling agent does not constitute a work. By prioritizing liquefaction, I guess that we did well in the liquefaction direction of high efficiency cooling agents. An effective and compact spiral turbine can be used to effectively compress air and avoid the use of cooling agents.

  More preferably, moisture in the air is cooled when the moist air is compressed to remove the heat of compression. Cooling heat is dissipated. Traditional air conditioning requires the use of cold air generated by evaporation of the cooling agent gas to remove moisture and its cooling heat. For the same air temperature drop, the wet removal of air improved the working load of the air conditioner.

  For urban skyscrapers, where the cooler is outside the building, cooling moisture usually causes droplets of liquid to drip onto the human body, causing irritation to passersby. We eliminated this stimulation by including cooling water in a closed cooler. The collected water can be drained to empty in the pipe or collected for human and plant consumption.

  Evaporated water provides a vapor pressure, which depends only on the temperature. This vapor pressure is part of the pressure exerted by the moist air. Each constituent gas in the air imparts its own vapor pressure. The air composition includes oxygen gas (19% by volume), nitrogen gas (80%), argon gas (1%) and water (by percentage of moisture level), and atmospheric pressure is the sum of vapor pressure of each air composition Yes, the total steam pressure is about 1 bar at sea level.

  Air humidity is defined as the water content in air divided by the water content in 100% wet air. The dew point is defined as the temperature at which the air cools to the point where the water begins to cool at 100% wet air. Dew point and air temperature have the same, 100% humidity. For example, for 100% wet air at 25 ° C. and 14 ° C., 100 g of air contains 2 g of water and 1 g of water, respectively. Therefore, the dew point of 50% wet air at 25 ° C is 14 ° C.

  What will the air moisture look like if we doubled the pressure of 100% humid air at 25 ° C? Initially, the vapor pressure of all air composition is doubled. The moist air heated by compression is also cooled to 25 ° C. Because the steam pressure is solely due to the temperature, the water pressure is cooled by the steam pressure that is increased by compression. Half air steam must be cooled so that it recovers to the same steam pressure as water at 25 ° C.

  For high humidity air, compressing the air volume 2-3 times cools most of the moisture in the air. This cooling releases a large amount of cooling heat. Consider doubling the pressure of 80% wet air at 25 ° C. This air has 1.6 g of water / 100 g of moist air. If the wet air is cooled after increasing the pressure, 0.6 g of water is produced. If the heat of vaporization exceeds 2200 J per gram of water to be evaporated, then for a 0.6 g moisture to be cooled, the pressure removes 1320 J of energy.

冷却で除去される熱量に比べる２５℃での８０％湿潤空気の４倍圧力では、１．２ｇの水蒸気が生成される。空気から除去される水は、人又は植物が消費するための水を生成する。This amount of heat is significant compared to 100 g of air cooled to 20 ° C. 100g air 2

At 4 times the pressure of 80% wet air at 25 ° C. compared to the heat removed with cooling, 1.2 g of water vapor is produced. Water removed from the air produces water for human or plant consumption.

  FIG. 6 shows a heat pump for generating hot water, cold air and cooling water. A compressor at the top, driven by our motor, compresses air from the center of the bottom of the compressor into a heat exchange pipe. The pipe passes through the center of the water tank and obtains its air compression heat and water cooling heat to heat the water in the water tank. Cooling water and cooled compressed air are collected in the bottom tank. The expander is driven at the top by compressed air to obtain cold air which is used for space cooling. Compressed air is distributed through the nylon pipe to the expander in the room and may be used for freezing and work production, power for lighting and consumption of the electrical equipment.

Third application of tapered spiral turbines: water desalination with solar energy

  It may be applied to the solar energy desalting of water using a spiral compressor. Power for driving the compressor may be generated by solar thermal power or photovoltaic power. Solar energy is collected as heat and can be collected to boil seawater at reduced air pressure. Our spiral compressor may be used to cool the steam from the brine that is evaporated with solar energy. The low pressure steam is compressed to raise the temperature of the steam and condense it. The amount of heat of condensation can evaporate more salt water at a reduced pressure.

  When walking in Tibet, China, desalting by solar energy is suggested. I heard a loud noise and I saw steam coming out of the solar water heater. Water boils at 80 ° C. if the atmospheric pressure is reduced by half. When I took a train and ate rice on the world's tallest railway located between Qinghai and Tibet, the dishes quickly became sober. I asked to heat the dishes again in the microwave, but it was useless, and my Chinese-style tea-cup steaming quickly cooled as the water in the food evaporated into the lean air.

  Such low pressure environment can be reconstructed at the head of the high water column. Water boils at the top of a 5 m water column at 80 ° C. where the pressure is reduced by half. The 10 m water column has zero pressure at the top, and the water evaporates heavily at the top. The water pressure is reduced by the generated steam pressure. It is necessary to pump off the vapor to create a similar vacuum at the top.

  FIG. 7 shows a water demineralizer with Hui solar energy. In a conventional solar energy water heater, heat energy of solar energy is captured to heat water in a glass pipe. This glass pipe is included in another vacuum glass pipe. The outer glass pipe has a reflective half surface that reflects sunlight into the inner water heating pipe. Similar to solar energy water heaters, it utilizes a larger light reflector. The reflector shapes the tapered surface as shown in FIG. 8 and collects sunlight into a vertically installed water tube. The reflector tracks the sun at azimuthal position α. The true north sun has α = 0. The reflector also tracks the sun at height or sea level and is defined as the angle β between the sun and the horizon. The sun just above the top of the zenith has β = 90 °.

  FIG. 8 shows a parabolic tapered reflector. The centerline of the tapered surface is referred to as the top line. The top line points the sun to the horizon, which should follow the azimuthal position of the sun. In order to track the sun at that height, the inclination angle δ of the top line causes the reflected light to illuminate the vertical line of focus, in which the salt water is heated at the focus.

  The horizontal cross section of the tapered surface is a parabola that focuses on the vertical z-axis. The vertical position of the focal point of the parabola cross section is due to the elevation of the sea level and the cone slope. Consider that the sun just above the top of the zenith has β = 90 °. When the top line is inclined at δ = 45 °, the sunlight at the top is reflected horizontally to the saltwater column. The reflector is tapered, i.e. the tapered body is formed from rays from the origin (0, 0, 0). The surface of the cone may be constructed by hanging a carbon fiber rod with a cut polyester film woven fabric, wherein the carbon fiber rod is a half straight of the cone. The polyester film strip fits with the curved surface of the parabolic cone.

  Consider the sea level elevation at δ = 45 ° of the tapered surface as shown in FIG. Position the tip of the tapered body at the origin (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0). The parabolic cross-section at horizontal z has a vertex (the minimum value of the parabola) at (x, y, z) = (0, z, z). When the sun is directly above the top of the head, β = 90 °, as shown in FIG. 8, the light is focused to (x, y, z) = (0, 0, z) with a focal length p = z.

の太陽β＝０°、δ＝９０°を検証した。頂線は、ｙ−ｚ平面での方程式ｙ＝ｚｔａｎδである。そしてテーパー形表面はｘ^２＝４ｚｔａｎδ（ｙ−ｚｔａｎδ）である。Consider the more general case β> 0. For a given vertical horizontal z, the parabolic surface is x ² = 4p (y + p). It is desirable to reflect sunlight and strike horizontal columns vertically. Obtained

Of the sun β = 0 °, δ = 90 °. The top line is the equation y = z tan δ in the yz plane. The tapered surface is then x ² = 4z tan δ (y-z tan δ).

  It is important for the reflector to track the sun at azimuthal position, but it is less important to be able to track the sun accurately at height. The resulting focal line is maintained on the z-axis, but may be shifted up or down on this axis based on the height of the sun. Therefore, it may be sufficient to preset the slope of δ with respect to the reflector, for example, the height of the sun δ = 60 ° and δ = 75 °. The change from δ = 60 ° to δ = 75 ° can be realized by developing a parabolic cone origami.

  The reduced pressure at the head of the water causes the water to boil at a relatively low temperature. If the water vapor pressure is equal to the ambient pressure, the water will boil. The steam pressure depends only on the temperature. As shown in FIG. 7, the key step for water desalination is to compress the low pressure steam and cool it at a relatively high pressure. A spiral compressor is placed above the water head to remove steam.

  The steam that is compressed and heated emerges from the center of the spiral compressor and enters an elongated pipe that goes down along the water column center. The water is cooled to steam, producing heat and replacing it with the surrounding boiling water. As shown in FIG. 7, the cooling water is collected in a closed vessel at the bottom of the column. Fresh water may be pumped out of the cooling chamber.

  With steam cooling, a large amount of cooling heat is generated. By capturing such cooling heat, the efficiency of water distillation was significantly improved.

  At the head of the water, it evaporates and the salinity is concentrated. Such heavy and hot salt water solution is taken into and discharged from the salt-containing water in which heat is being absorbed by the countercurrent heat exchanger.

The efficiency of desalting is limited to thermokinetics. The amount of heat required to evaporate the salt containing water is greater than the amount of heat released by cooling the steam. The amount of heat provided by the sun is sufficient.
Incomplete heat exchange results in reduced efficiency. Heat loss due to convection can be realized by insulation. High demineralization efficiency is expected using good insulation and heat exchange.
Electrical energy can be generated and supplied from solar energy by solar energy photovoltaic power generation or thermal energy of solar energy.

  Electrical power is used to compress low pressure steam. Kinetic energy is converted to heat of compression. The heat of compression and the heat of cooling are used to evaporate the salt-containing water more.

  We believe this can be a very economic and sustainable formula and purify the seawater for humanity and plant consumption.

Drinking salty water is a health problem in the Indian subcontinent. Pacific islanders can use solar desalting for drinking and cleanliness purposes.
Detailed description of integrated thermal power turbines and generators

  FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the thermal turbine and generator. The thermal power turbine includes a compressor 501, a heating chamber 502, and an expander 503, among which are shown as two 4-spiral disks, above and below the horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG.

  The four compressor spiral passages 504, 505, 506, 507 are pivoted so that the external air is compressed. The compressed air then enters the heating chamber 502 from the center of the compressor 501. If the compressor is pivoting along one direction (clockwise in the figure), the gas is flowing in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in the figure) in the compressor spiral path It is compressed.

  For generating heat by gas combustion, the combustible gas enters the heating chamber 502 through the fuel nozzle 508 where the fuel-air mixture is ignited.

  For generating heat by solar energy thermal power collected, the sunlight is focused and collected at the top center of expander 513 so that it can be allowed to enter the chamber. , And may have a glass top.

When a single turbine is pivoting along one direction, the compressor 501 and the expander 503 are pivoting in the same clockwise direction. The gas is expanding in the four expander passages 509, 510, 511, 512. The gas is rotating in these passages along the direction opposite to the turbine rotation (counterclockwise). As shown, the gas pressure causes the turbine to rotate clockwise. The gas whose pressure is consumed is exhausted in the expander's envelope.
The gas flows along the same direction (counterclockwise) but the spiral is expanding in the opposite direction to the compressor (clockwise) and the expander (counterclockwise).

  The expander spiral exhibits a tapered shape with a gradually decreasing depth from the relatively large depth 513 near the center to the relatively small depth 514 near the outlet. Such a tapered shape allows the pressure in the spiral to be released gradually.

  The compressor spiral may be tapered to induce a higher compression ratio. Preferably, a stack of a plurality of compressors is adopted stepwise. Compressed air from the center of the compression stage is guided through the centrifugal center to the edge of the compressor of the next stage. We may use a vortex compressor that includes two Archimedes spirals instead of a tapered spiral compressor.

  The turbine is rotated by turning two ends 515, 516 at the rotation axis fixed to the turbine case. It may be smoothly rotated using a ball bearing, an air bearing or a magnetic bearing.

  Generator 517 is shown as being in a turbine-generator envelope. A magnetic body 518 is placed at the edge of the rotor disk, in which case the opposite poles are at the top and bottom of the magnetic disk, as shown.

  Two ring solenoids 519, 520 are utilized at the top and bottom of the magnetic body. The two solenoids may be connected in series to the voltage doubler output. The two solenoids may be used as magnetic bearings for the turbine. The permanent magnetic body 518 is suspended by the magnetic force from the solenoids 519 and 520.

  The two ends 521, 522 form the terminals of the DC generator. The external load 523 consumes generated power. Among them, the load controller may be used to control the rotational speed of the turbine. The high voltage increases the rotational speed. The low resistance of the external load increases the flow of current. The high current flow provides strong torque resistance to the work supplied by the thermal turbine.

  The thermal power turbine can directly work on an external mechanical load (e.g., an automotive gearbox or a turboprop engine of an airplane). The power generated may be stored in a chemical cell or supercapacitor. The generated DC power is stored and there is no DC to AC inversion. The stored DC power may be recovered as DC to drive the motor. The motor is the same generator as the compressor-expander-generator-motor of the composition shown in FIG. Another motor may not be necessary.

Air Conditioner and Dehumidifier Details FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the air conditioner and dehumidifier.
One embodiment used the same structure as a single rotor combining compressor 601 and expander 602. There is no need for a heat chamber to absorb heat. The amount of heat can be sufficiently dissipated by the forcedly flowing gas in the spiral passage. The compressed and partially cooled air directly enters the expander 602 to provide further cooling. The expander, as a fan, blows cold air directly on the person's body to gain individual cooling.

  Instead of directing the partially cooled compressed air from the compressor directly to the expander, the compressed air is transferred downward to the heat exchanger 603, which heats the gas heat to the water heating tank 604. Generate Cooling of the compressed air causes the moisture to cool into the chamber 605 and be collected by 618. Cold water enters at 616 and is heated in water tank 604. Take out the hot water at 617.

  The compressed air to be cooled is then further cooled by the ambient air passing through the guide pipe 606 to the expander 602. Air from which the pressure from the expander 602 is consumed is guided through the vent 607. The expander is also used as a blower to transport cooled and dried air to rooms in the building.

  The compressor is supplied by a DC motor 608 of the same construction as the DC generator whose power is used in the thermal power turbine. The rotor magnetic body 609 is a ring having a magnetic axis aligned with the rotor rotation axis. The stator coils 610, 611 are supplied with power by the DC power supply 612.

  The motor controller 613 controls the voltage and current of the motor. Control the rotation speed by voltage. The compressor and motor are gradually rising to the required compression speed. The current controls the torque force required for compression. The compressor is hingedly connected to the bearings at 614, 615.

  In a preferred embodiment, the compressor 601 and expander are decoupled. Compressed air may be transported to a single room by a thin nylon pipe. An expander is located in each room to transport cold air and power that may be generated by the rotation of the expander.

  This preferred embodiment may be applied to a village having a centralized compressor and a generator. The power of the compressor may be derived from a solar energy cell panel or from a solar power calorimeter or a thermal power turbine driven by gas combustion. We transport compressed air to the cabin rather than providing energy through metal conductors. Cold air and low voltage DC are supplied to each home by compressed air for LED lighting, television and battery charging. Compressed air may be accumulated in large quantities and applied at night.

Detailed Description of Water Desalination with Solar Energy FIG. 7 shows a water desalination system that uses solar energy to evaporate brine at reduced pressure. Photovoltaic power 714 may be applied to drive the compressor 704.

  The desalination system has a water heating and steam cooling subsystem that is similar to air conditioning with dehumidification. Compresses low pressure steam rather than moist air.

  The high water column 701 has a reduced pressure at the water head 702. The saltwater tank 703 may be made of tempered glass, reinforced concrete or ceramic material that resists saltwater corrosion.

  Above the water head and inside the water tank 703, the compressor 704 driven by the motor 705 sucks in low pressure steam from the inlet 715. The steam to be compressed leaves the compressor hinged at 712, 713 and condenses. Condensed water further evaporates by heating the brine in tank 703.

  The circulation of salt water is shown as follows. The salted water may be preheated before entering the water chamber 703 through the inlet 710. Heat exchange may be performed with the waste solution of salt-containing brine to achieve preheating. The salted water in the solar energy water heater may be preheated by a vacuum glass water heating pipe.

  The solar energy is focused by the parabolic solar energy collector 709 onto the saltwater column 703. FIG. 8 shows the geometry of the collector. The salted water is heated by the focused sunlight, and the salted water rises to the top 716 and evaporates in a large amount as the heat of water is reduced. Water is also heated by the cooling steam in heat exchanger 706.

  The deep brine moves to 717, cools for further evaporation and sinks to the bottom. Brine drainage is discharged at 711. Heat exchange may occur between the hot brine effluent and the entering salted water.

The vertical volume of the saltwater tank may be divided into sections for convenient circulation from the inlet 710 through the top positions 716, 717 to the outlet 711. If the saltwater tank is made of clear glass, it may absorb sunlight that is focused at the boundaries of the sections.
Water condenses in chamber 707 and is then extracted by 708.

  Solar energy may also be provided by a turbine driven by the solar energy that is collected. The hot air discharged from the turbine can replace the focus mirror 709 to heat the water column. The combined heat engine and solar water demineralizer may be a true lifeboat for ocean-going vessels and resident islanders.

End Humanity's survival has three basic elements: air, water and sunlight. With these three elements, all human comforts of cooling, heating, foods, drinking water, clean water, and energy needed for communication, calculation and transport, possibly with the aid of a gas fuel To gain The inventions described are believed to provide the comfort of these human beings, if necessary, by the paradigm of personal energy rather than centralized production.

  Thanks: Monarch Power's Jim Hussey, Ankur Ghosh, Forest Blair and Jerry Jin ran and tested an early version of the turbine. Prof. Daniel Bliss from Arizona State University, YC Chiew from Rutgers University, and Falin Chen from National Taiwan University held a debate on spiral turbine fluid dynamics. ASU Professor Keng Hsu has 3D laser printed metal turbine models.

Claims (29)

Claims for tapered spiral turbines: A pressurized gas expander for converting pressure energy into motion,
It comprises a plurality of coaxial disks, each coaxial disk having a plurality of closed passages for the spiral air flow from the center to the periphery of each disk, each spiral passage being
Having an angled increasing radius, linearly or exponentially increasing according to the angle of gas turning in the passage, and an area of the hole decreasing according to the turning angle of the spiral passage,
The gas is flowing at a gradually decreasing pressure according to the pivot angle, in which the outer spiral channel wall has a greater torque force than the inner spiral channel wall with a relatively small wall area and radius. An expander that generates pressure. A compressor that uses motion to compress gas and increase gas pressure,
It comprises a plurality of coaxial disks, each coaxial disk having a plurality of closed passages for the spiral air flow from the center to the periphery of each disk, each spiral passage being
Having a decreasing radius which decreases linearly or exponentially according to the angle of gas turning in the passage, and an area of the hole which increases according to the turning angle of the spiral passage,
Among them, the gas flows with pressure, and the pressure is increased by pushing the gas with a torque force larger than the inner spiral passage wall having a relatively small wall area and radius. The compressor increases with the turning angle of the outer spiral passage wall. A plurality of compressor disks, guiding the compressed gas at the disk center to the peripheral input end of the disks of the next stage by a multistage arrangement, and increasing the gas pressure from one stage to another;
A plurality of expansion disks which are guided and introduced from the peripheral portion of the disk to the center of the disk of the next stage, consuming the pressure of the gas and operating;
Including
The compressed gas pipe from the compressor group to the expander group serves as an opening between the connected compressor and the expander, in which the pipe is external, and between the compressor and the expander A compressor-expander combination according to claim 2 including a compressed gas storage.
Claims for single-pole DC generators: A generator for converting motion into electrical energy, comprising a rotor disk coaxial with a stator disk on one or both sides of the flat surface of the rotor disk, so that
The rotor disk is a ring-shaped permanent magnetic body, the polarity of which is axially oriented along the vertical direction,
The stator disc is a coaxial ring-shaped solenoid, the ends of the solenoid comprising positive and negative electrodes connected to each other with the other electrodes,
Among them, the generator generates power according to the right-hand rule, induces the electric field along the radial direction by the rotation of the rotor and the motion of the vertically oriented magnetic field, the product of the induced voltage and current A generator that produces some power. A motor for converting power into motion, comprising a rotor disk coaxial with the stator disk on one or both sides of the flat surface of the rotor disk, so that
The rotor disk is a ring-shaped permanent magnetic body, the polarity of which is axially oriented along the vertical direction,
The stator disc is a coaxial ring-shaped solenoid, the ends of the solenoid comprising positive and negative electrodes connected to each other with the other electrodes,
Among them, the motor produces rotational movement based on the right-hand law of Lorentz force,
A motor in which the vertical magnetic field of the permanent magnetic body and the magnetic field generated by the radial current in the stator disk interact with each other to generate Lorentz magnetic force acting along the circumferential direction of the rotor magnetic body. The generator according to claim 4 stores electricity in another power storage device to drive the same generator according to claim 4 to operate as the motor according to claim 5, and later A generator as claimed in claim 4 and a motor as claimed in claim 5.
Claim for Thermomotive Engine: A disk type turbine driven by pressurized gas, wherein
A central chamber in which pressurized gas is injected by the positive nozzle and the gas is heated indoors by solar energy which is burned or focused on fuel;
A plurality of spiral passages, including radii and tapered holes, emanating from the central chamber and expanding the plurality of spiral lines;
Including
The tapered hole is suitable for progressively releasing pressure at the length of the spiral, away from the periphery of the turbine,
The turbine is suitable for maintaining pressure to act on the periphery, the periphery having an outer surface area greater than the inner surface area of the tapered hole, the gas pressure causing the turbine to Disk type turbines that are allowed to rotate in the opposite direction to the air flow. The disk turbine further comprises a combined turbine and generator, wherein the disk turbine and generator together are suitable as a rotor of the generator,
The disk-shaped turbine according to claim 7, further comprising: a ring-shaped electric magnetic material which turns the disk-shaped turbine and is DC-flowed with a stator coil coaxial with the disk-shaped turbine according to claim 7. A heat engine and a generator are further included, wherein the disk type turbine and the generator together are suitable as a rotor of the generator,
The disk-type turbine further includes: an electro-magnetic ring which is energized by a stator coil located on an outer periphery of the turbine housing.
In addition, the compressor further includes a disk type compressor which is rotated by an external torque,
A central chamber suitable for permitting the discharge of compressed gas;
Emanating from the central chamber, the plurality of compressor spirals including a plurality of spiral compressor passages including expanding radii and tapered holes;
Including
The gas compressed from the outside of the compressor is forced through the interior of the spiral passage to correspond to the compressive force of the relatively large outer surface area of these compressor spiral passages,
9. The disk turbine according to claim 8, wherein the turbine is suitable for driving the compressor with a pressure of torque force.   The disk turbine and the disk compressor may include a tapered shape, wherein the plurality of spirals and the plurality of compressor spirals are each linearly tapered, and the linear taper is The disk turbine of claim 9, including a linear relationship between passage depth and spiral radius.   10. The disk turbine of claim 9, wherein the disk compressor comprises an Archimedean vortex compressor driven by a motor.   The disk turbine according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of spiral passages have radii that increase exponentially according to a turning angle. The disk turbine according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of spiral passages have a hole size that decreases exponentially according to the turning angle.
Claim for heat pump: A method of driving a turbine using compressed gas, comprising:
Forcing the gas through the compressor into the central chamber of the rotary turbine, whereby the chamber of the rotary turbine
A plurality of enclosed passages are provided for spiraling the gas from the center of each disk to the periphery of each disk, wherein each spiral passage is:
A linearly or exponentially increasing radius of increase according to the angle of gas turning in the passage;
And a hole area that can be reduced according to the turning angle of the spiral passage,
The air flow has a pressure at which the turning angle gradually decreases with the application of pressure to the outer spiral passage wall, said outer spiral passage wall having an inner spiral passage wall having a relatively small wall area and radius. How to produce greater torque force. Further comprising the step of generating cold air by expanding compressed air in a spiral of said rotating turbine via a compressor;
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of generating cold air is completed without pouring heat with solar energy being burned or focused. The compressed gas is transported by a pipe from a disk-type compressor rotated by an external torque, the disk-type compressor comprising:
Comprising said central chamber suitable for leaving compressed passages emanating from said central chamber, said plurality of spirals including an expanding radius and a tapered hole,
The method according to claim 14, wherein the gas compressed from the outside of the compressor is forced into the interior through the spiral passage in response to the compressive force of the relatively large outer surface area of these spiral passages. .   The motor further includes an electric motor, which is suitable for using the disk-type compressor as a magnetic rotor of the electric motor suitable for driving the compressor, and direct current flows in a plurality of solenoids. The disk compressor according to claim 16, wherein the rotor magnetic body having an axial magnetic rotor is driven.   The disk compressor according to claim 16, further comprising a liquid to be heated, wherein the liquid is heated by the heat of compression of air.   17. The disk shaped compressed air according to claim 16, further comprising potable water, said potable water being obtained by said gas comprising moist air, and said potable water being removed from water in said moist air after being compressed. Machine. The container includes a container suitable for receiving air from the compressor, the container being suitable for accumulating dehumidified air as air for cooling, pressurizing and dehumidifying, supplied from the container A disk-type turbine powered by pressurized air, the disk-type turbine further comprising:
A central chamber in which the pressurized gas is injected by means of an externally threaded nozzle and the gas is heated by solar energy which is burned or focused on fuel;
A plurality of spiral passages emanating from the central chamber and including an expansion radius and a tapered hole;
Including
The tapered bore is suitable for gradually releasing pressure so as to pass through the length of the spiral and away from the periphery of the turbine;
The turbine is suitable for maintaining pressure to act on the periphery, the periphery having an outer surface area greater than the inner surface area of the tapered hole, so that the gas pressure causes the turbine to The disk compressor according to claim 16, wherein the disk compressor can be rotated in a direction opposite to the air flow.   The disk compressor according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of spiral passages have radii which increase exponentially according to a turning angle.   The disk compressor according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of spiral passages have a hole size which decreases exponentially according to the turning angle. The disk compressor according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of spirals have a constant width, but the depth of the spiral passage decreases exponentially according to the turning angle.
Claims for water desalination with solar energy: A reflective parabolic tapered surface that collects solar energy and tracks the central apex of the sun's azimuthal position;
Vertical pillars at the focal line of the reflective parabolic tapered surface, containing the water to be purified
A compressor for compressing the low pressure steam of the water column head in the vertical column;
Heat exchange pipe that uses the cooling heat of compressed steam for the water column,
And a cooler chamber for collecting cooling steam as potable water.   26. The reflective paraboloidal tapered surface of claim 25 having the central apex increasing in height to track a height position above the sun's horizon.   The compressor includes a plurality of disk-type compressors, each disk-type compressor having a plurality of spiral gas passages, wherein the spiral gas passages are such that gas is compressed by the outer passages of the spirals. 26. The solar energy of claim 25 having a decreasing radius and an increasing passage hole area, the spiral pivoting along the direction pushing the gas towards the center of the disc compressor to increase the pressure and temperature of the gas. Water purification equipment.   26. The sun according to claim 25, wherein said compressor is powered by a magnetic rotor having axial magnetization and a disc motor of a solenoid stator driven by direct current so as to produce rotational motion to compress the gas. Energy water purification device.   For a decreasing evaporation temperature, the vertical column is such that the low temperature and low pressure steam that is produced is compressed to produce cooling water and cooling heat, and to further evaporate the water to be purified, the head of the water column 26. A solar energy water purification device as claimed in claim 25 which is suitable for producing a water pressure which is reduced.

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