JP6903676B2 - Spiral turbines, compressor turbines, expander turbines, turbine heat engines, turbine heat pumps and desalination equipment - Google Patents

Description

This application was submitted on February 2, 2016, "A Tapering Spiral Gas Turbine for Combined Cooling, Heating, Power, Pressure for combining cooling, heating, power, pressure, workpiece and water. , Work, and Water) ”, including the purpose of being disclosed in the US provisional application to which the sequence number 62 / 290,393 was distributed and claiming its priority, and the above provisional application describes the invention by the applicant. Was done.

The world needs clean air, water, foods, energy and transportation, which are available and fair to all human beings, not just developed countries. The ordinary supply of these convenient facilities is key to technological advances that meet these demands of local and rural people who can afford the energy supply (eg solar energy, bottled liquefied petroleum gas).

We are facing global climate change due to the burning of fossil fuels that cause global warming and sea level rise. Combustion of coal causes air pollution. Groundwater is quickly depleted. Global warming causes extreme heat, increasing the need for air conditioning, and therefore more fossil fuels that cause global warming need to be used. Its transportation requires expensive petroleum products and causes long-term pellet contamination.

Emphasize three focus shifts to mitigate energy shortages and climate change. The first focus shift is from energy production to energy application. Energy production is the most comfortable means for clean air, water, foods and transportation. Energy saving always creates more comfort.

The second focus shift is the shift from electricity to heat. The amount of heat can be used directly and indirectly for space and water heating to generate electricity induced by cooling, water, cooking, exercise, and then exercise. The generated power is used for lighting, communications, calculations and electrical transport.

Energy should be stored in a form close to its application, for example, thermal energy in a hot bath, pressure energy to pressurize a gas, cold air to freeze a freezing agent or substance for cooling, and electrical energy in a chemical battery. Is. If available for small, highly efficient turbines, chemical energy should be stored as fuel.

The third focus shift is the on-site generation, storage, conversion and utilization of energy. An Edison application model that reverses centralized generation (CG) power using mesh distribution is expected.

Called Firefly technology, a technology for integrating a micro turbine and a micro DC generator was invented. Personally, it is as efficient as a large power plant. CG is no longer needed and is replaced by personal energy (PE) for mobile collection, storage, conversion and utilization of energy.

In the four-stage Industrial Revolution, PE replaced CG with a complete cycle. The first revolution focused on the work and production of large steam engines, and the second revolution electrified the world using large AC generators driven by steam engines, using microelectronic elements3. The second revolution provided a global computing and communication network, and the fourth revolution by MEMS (Micro-Electronic-Mechanical Systems) reversed the first and second revolutions by CG. Bring PE and localize, miniaturize and personalize everything.

Firefly contains 10 S. Smart, Small, Simple, Scalable, Strong, Silent, Safe, Stores, Stylish. Firefly provides a combination of cooling, heating, power, pressure, work and water (first abbreviation CCHP ² W ² ).

Firefly can contribute to the industrialization of poor countries and can be produced even in regions without power grids or water networks. In the world, half of people live in situations where electricity or tap water is not reliably supplied.

In CCHP ² W ² , the key part is the highly efficient microturbine powered by the internal combustion of concentrated solar energy or gas fuel. Integrated with the microturbine is a highly efficient microDC motor-generator.

Examine the history of thermal engines and generators. 2000 years ago, Hero in Alexandria Harbor invented the world's first thermal turbine. The hinged boiler is rotated by jetting the steam generated in the boiler in the opposite direction by the nozzle. The Hero Turbine was displayed as a rare item in the Alexandri Library.

Between Hero and the first Industrial Revolution, turbines (actually rotating devices, such as wind mills or water mills) will provide kinetic energy for wind and water. A vane or paddle blocks the wind or flowing water, rotating the turbine and removing the mechanical work.

In 1769, James Watt patented the world's first strong and practical steam engine. Steam from the boiler burning the cole drove the pistons in the cylinders, providing extremely large forces for pumping water, weaving and train driving. People came to the city, guided by steam-driven locomotives. Centralized manufacturing equipment is driven by a steam engine. These Rankine cycle thermodynamic engines boil a liquid to generate pressure to work.

In 1816, Rev. Stilling patented the Stilling engine. He was interested in the deadly pressure of steam boilers. The Stilling engine utilizes two cylinders, one for heating the air and the other for cooling the air. The expanding air works. These Carnot cycle thermodynamic engines are operated at high temperatures.

Around 1830, Michael Faraday invented a single-pole disk-type generator. Current is collected from the periphery of the rotating disk sandwiched between the magnetic poles of the Type-C magnetic material. The damaged eddy current is flowing in the rotating disc. Such generators were improved, for example, by Nikola Tesla, but were not applied to utility power generation due to their low efficiency and voltage.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the power company was created by the invention of Edison and Tesla. The steam engine that burns the cole is powered by Tesla's AC generator. Steam engines are large and inefficient. These are strong but slow. In order to generate a large current, an AC generator requires a large electromagnetic material.

Nikola Tesla invented a three-phase generator that mutually induces current into the stator and rotor coil. By facilitating voltage conversion, high-voltage power can be effectively transmitted over long-distance power grids, and ohm power loss has been significantly reduced. Electric power companies will adopt AC instead of DC.

Nikola Tesla also invented the Tesla turbine. The turbine includes a stack of closely spaced discs. Steam is injected into the outer circumference of the turbine in the tangential direction. The steam spirals inward between each disc towards the center of the stack. The vapor pulls the disc due to its gaseous viscosity. Tesla claims that it theoretically achieves an entropy efficiency of 90% of the Carnot cycle efficiency, but it cannot be verified by conventional techniques.

Since 1950, power companies have achieved even higher efficiencies with gas and steam turbines. A steam turbine powered by steam produced by burning cole has an efficiency of about 40%. A large amount of water is needed to cool the low pressure steam from the steam turbine. In cooperation with a cycle gas turbine (Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, CCGT), an efficiency of 60% or more has been achieved. The CCGT uses natural gas to drive the Brayton cycle gas turbine. It exhausts hot air to generate steam and powers the Rankine cycle steam turbine.

Since the 21st century, the world has faced pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. The resulting climate change threatens human survival. However, most people in the world are still poor due to the transportation of supplied water, heat, cold and food. CG degenerates poor countries with scarce basic electricity facilities. However, poor people are most affected by global warming, sea-level rise and long-term air pollution.

It is not right to burn more calls to give people a comfortable life. Building a basic facility for the collection, production and distribution of expensive, polluted and wasted energy sources is unacceptable to us. Natural gas and solar energy are the energy sources of choice for PE. Both can be applied in large quantities to personal energy production and utilization. PE is highly efficient, clean, local, small and useful, and is therefore aesthetically pleasing.

Energy production, storage, conversion and use need to be personalized to resolve the energy and environmental crisis. As our energy source, we will concentrate on the amount of heat. The calorific value may be derived from solar heat, geothermal heat, or combustion of pipe natural gas and canned propane.

Our aim is to make small gas turbines as efficient as large gas turbines, accounting for only a small part of the cost per watt of power. Thermoelectric joint production of calories other than electric power, cold air, water and workpieces is desired.

It is desirable to find a suitable open airflow geometry that allows the gas pressure to be gradually released to produce workpieces. It is desirable to avoid the sudden conversion of pressure into the kinetic energy of the gas.

It is desired to invent a generator again by utilizing the current magnetic material and solid-state electronic device. A new geometry for an isopolar DC motor that produces electricity has already been discovered.

Based on the invention of our micro turbines and micro generators, three applications will be submitted. First, a thermal turbine consisting of a spiral compressor, a spiral expander and our generator integrated is submitted. Such a thermal engine called Firefly Electric generates work and electric power.

This micro-turbine may be applied to drive an automobile, directly supplying power to the power transmission system, or indirectly supplying power to the power transmission system by utilizing the generated electric power. The turbine may be changed to a turbocharger for an automobile piston engine, the exhaust gas from the tail pipe is used to rotate the spiral expander, and the spiral expander drives the spiral compressor to activate the turbine. Increase the machine pressure. Firefly Electric may be applied to the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles. When power transmission is stopped, solar energy and gas energy can be used to supply power to homes.

The second application is the heat pump of an air spiral compressor that compresses air by driving our motor. The heat of compression is applied to the heating of water. Compressed air when cooled releases water. Compressed air when inflated produces dry, cold air, which is applied to air conditioning and cooling.

The third application is a hydrosalting system powered by solar energy. It tracks the position of the sun and collects it in a cylindrical water tank with a tapered reflective surface. Boil salt water under reduced pressure with solar energy. Solar energy drives our spiral compressor to cool the steam. The desalination system has high efficiency because the heat of compression and the heat of cooling are repeatedly used to evaporate more salt water.

The tapered exponential spiral was discovered as an effective geometric shape of the airflow for converting the internal energy of the pressurized / heated gas into kinetic energy. It solves the temperature and pressure drop of the adiabatic airflow in the outward spiral and propels the turbine to generate kinetic energy.

When rotating along opposite directions of rotation, the same exponential spiral may be a valid geometric shape applied to gas compression, conversion of kinetic energy to pressurized / heated gas. The pressure gain of the gas that is isothermally compressed by the spiral wall that pushes the gas to the center has been solved.

The Faraday unipolar DC magnetic disk generator has been improved to solve the problems of current circulation damage and low voltage induction inside the magnetic disk. The new DC generator utilizes one permanent magnetic ring as the rotor. The magnetic ring has the same magnetic poles (hence the term isopolar) and induces current with a ring solenoid as a stator coil. The induced voltage is the product of the magnetic field strength, the speed of the ring edge of the rotor, the number of turns in the stator coil, and the height of the stator coil.

The spiral compressor and the spiral expander, and the generator and the electric motor are integrated and applied to three applications.
The first application is a thermodynamic turbine capable of converting solar energy or gas combustion heat into workpieces and electricity. Such thermal turbines and motors can drive cars such as automobiles, buses, trucks, trains and light aircraft. It can also be applied to power supply and heating to homes.

The second application is a heat pump powered by a motor that compresses moist air to a relatively high temperature and pressure. Compressed air is cooled at room temperature to remove heat and moisture, and hot water and water are cooled to produce drinking water. Cold and dry compressed air can expand into a spiral inflator to generate workpieces and cold air for air conditioning.

The third application is a water desalination system using solar energy. The sunlight collected from the tapered surface that tracks the sun heats the salt water under reduced pressure and boils below 100 ° C. Using solar energy, a spiral compressor compresses low-pressure steam at the head of the heated water column. It cools the relatively high pressure steam and exchanges its heat of compression for cooling heat, further heating the salt water column and producing more low pressure steam for more drinking water. Drinking water is collected at the bottom of the bottom surface of the evaporating salt water column.

Shows a tapered exponential spiral. The gas temperature decrease ratio T / T ₀ , the radius r, and the Brayton cycle are shown. The gas compression ratio p ₀ / p, the radius r, and the Hui cycle are shown. The geometric shapes of the DC unipolar generator and the motor are shown. Vertical cross-sectional view (center) of the turbine and generator, and horizontal cross-sectional view of the expander (top spiral disk) and compressor (bottom spiral disk). A cross-sectional view of a heat pump applied to water heating and air conditioning is shown. A cross-sectional view of a desalination system powered by solar energy using a spiral compressor is shown. Shown is a tapered reflective mirror that collects sunlight on a water column with a focused line. Shows the vortex compressor in the open position (upper image if the spirals are closest) and in the closed position (lower image if the spirals are closest apart). Gas holes are between each spiral.

As a traditional method of compressing or expanding a tapered exponential spiral gas, two main devices, a piston or a fan vane, are used. The gas is confined in a cylinder with a movable piston so that it is compressed or expanded. The gas may be impacted by a fast rotating vane to impart or collect gas kinetic energy.

The turbine was 3D printed to find a suitable geometry for the spiral airflow passage. Changed the size and shape of the spiral. I tried an Archimedes spiral with a radius of r = aθ + b, but the radius increases linearly with the turning angle θ. The Archimedes spiral is not very suitable, as evidenced by the pressurized gas test.

We also tried an exponential spiral, named by the inventor and also known as the Bernoulli spiral. The spiral radius r = ae ^b θ increases exponentially with the angle θ. A long, thin exponential spiral with multiple rings was 3D printed. The rotation is good, but the torque generated is extremely small. The relatively short length of the exponential spiral wire shown in FIG. 1 is tapered to generate significant torque.

Exponential spirals, such as shells and plants, always appear in nature. Due to fluid dynamics, hurricanes exhibit an exponential spiral shape. The star arm of the star system is an exponential spiral. The exponential spiral is due to growth physics. Growth is always self-generated and self-similar.

Exponential spirals are self-similar, and when expanding the center of the spiral, the spirals appear to be similar. The rotating Bernoulli spiral does not experience any visual contraction or expansion.

Such self-similarity is due to the important property of the Bernoulli spiral line that the spiral tangent and the spiral radius form a constant angle. The gas flowing in the Bernoulli spiral pushes the spiral wall at a certain angle. On the contrary, the Archimedes spiral pushes the spiral wall at a diminishing angle.

The hawk surrounds the prey and flies to it in a similar manner. The hawk looks at its prey. The line of sight to the hawk's prey is at a certain angle. The distance between the hawk and its prey decreases logarithmically as the hawk rotates. Such a logarithmic spiral line is an inversion of the exponential spiral line.

The exponential spiral line has a radius r = ae ^bθ , in which θ is a polar angle expressed in radians. Logarithmic

FIG. 1 shows a spiral having an outer wall, which is an exponential spiral. The width between the outer and inner walls is displayed as tapered. The width of the spiral passage decreases exponentially with the angle θ. Such a tapered shape is shown to be the key to maintaining gas pressure without rapidly accelerating the gas.

Temperature change due to adiabatic expansion of gas in a tapered spiral Since the gas in a tapered exponential spiral expands adiabatically (meaning that it does not exchange heat with the surroundings), we have submitted a simple solution. This simple solution is the key to our invention. We can prove the effect of the tapered exponential spiral by theory. There is a terrible lack of closed solutions for gas temperatures in modern turbines.

At an early stage, a pressurized air test is used to drive a thin, constant-width, long spiral. The turbine is spinning quickly, but the torque generated is small. Torque force is important for workpiece generation.

Torque is generated by pressure. In order to maintain better control over pressure release, it is conceivable to change the hole area A = wd, which is the product of the width w and the spiral depth d. The gas accelerates due to the internal pressure gradient as shown in the Navier-Stokes equation. The tapered shape prevents the gas from accelerating due to gas contraction. Such a tapered shape is shown to delay pressure release.

The tapered spiral allows the explosive gas to apply even greater torque to the outer spiral wall, which is longer than the inner wall. Besides the relatively large surface area, the outer spiral wall has a larger radius than the inner spiral wall. The large surface area and wall radius of the outer spiral wall produces much more torque than the opposite torque acting on the inner spiral wall.

The high-pressure, hot gas moving in the spiral has two main energies. The first energy component is the gas internal energy caused by the amount of heat, which is the irregular movement of gas molecules.

The second energy component is the gas kinetic energy, which is the system velocity of the gas. It is the center of the spiral heated by high-pressure gas, and the heat energy inside the gas is high. The gas rate is low.

Many microturbine designs utilize nozzles to instantly release gas pressure and instantly convert the internal energy of the gas into kinetic energy. The gas is cooled quickly. After the nozzle, the high speed gas quickly becomes eddy. The high speed gas impacts the turbine vanes and produces a very small torque force. Most of the kinetic energy of the gas is converted back to the amount of heat instead of the work.

Try not to drop the gas pressure suddenly. The pressure of the hot gas with the maintenance pressure is utilized to generate a significant torque force at the relatively low angular velocity of the turbine. Turbines driven by nozzles can provide very little torque and require high speed turbines.

その速度である。突然の圧力解放とガス加速を防ぐため、我々はこの分量を極小のレベルに保持する。In the energy conversion in our turbines, gas kinetic energy is just an unobtrusive role, like the interpretation of the Bernoulli law. The Bernoulli law explained two quantities of gas energy density. The first quantity is the pressure having an energy unit in a unit area. Pressure is the energy density of the internal heat of the gas. Pressure based on the ideal gas law

That speed. We keep this amount at a minimal level to prevent sudden pressure release and gas acceleration.

我々のタービンにとって、我々はその圧力を極大値に保持させ、即ち１０ｂａｒまたは１００万パスカルである。ρ〜１ｋｇ／ｍ^３のガス密度を有しかつν＝１００ｍ／ｓのハイスピードで移動

力をいきなり１ｂａｒまで解放すると、ガス速度は超音速に達し、１０００ｍ／ｓを超える。

For our turbines, we keep that pressure at a maximum, i.e. 10 bar or 1 million pascals. It has a gas density of ρ to 1 kg / m ³ and moves at a high speed of ν = 100 m / s.

When the force is suddenly released to 1 bar, the gas velocity reaches supersonic speed and exceeds 1000 m / s.

In our design, we prefer to taper the depth rather than the width of the spiral passage. FIG. 5 shows an expander at the top of the turbine, which has a tapered shape. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the expander, we reduce the hole area A = wd by reducing the depth d and keeping the width w constant.

である。ネットトルクは、通路外壁でのより大きいトルク力とその内壁でのトルク力との間の差である。我々はスパイラルの比較的に狭い幅に一定の圧力を有することを仮設する。Consider the torque generated by the pressure acting on the turbine wall. The torque is pressure p and

Is. Net torque is the difference between the greater torque force on the outer wall of the passage and the torque force on its inner wall. We hypothesize to have a constant pressure on the relatively narrow width of the spiral.

る。Torque The net torque between the outer wall and the inner wall is

To.

For a turbine rotating at an angular velocity ω, this differential torque gives differential power:

This reasoning is hypothesized as follows. Ignore the viscosity of gas kinetic energy and gas flow. The pressure is consumed as a work, and it is temporarily assumed that it is not for accelerating the gas. Temporarily assume that the pressure and velocity of the gas at both ends of the radial width of the thin spiral passage are constant.

Now consider the power flow of gas in the spiral. Consider the pressure energy component P _f of the air flow. The pressure power flow through the area A of the gas flowing at the velocity u is P _f = Up.

である。Due to energy conservation, the power loss P _f is the power gain of the turbine. so that,

Is.

を得、
理想気体の状態方程式ｐＶ＝ｎＲＴから、

モル質量ｍ_ｗは、モルあたりのガスの重量である。そのため、ｐ／ρによってガスの温度Ｔを計測。Mass flow preservation means constant Auρ. Dividing the above equation by Auρ

Get,
From the ideal gas law, pV = nRT,

The molar mass m _w is the weight of gas per mole. Therefore, the temperature T of the gas is measured by p / ρ.

を得、
この方程式は使用されるガスの性質によるものである。第１項は、半径両端のガスの熱エネルギー損失である。第２項は、タービンのワークゲインである。With these replacements, a very simple differential equation:

Get,
This equation depends on the nature of the gas used. The first term is the thermal energy loss of the gas at both ends of the radius. The second term is the work gain of the turbine.

を得る。Temporary when the airflow is insulated, that is, TV ^γ-1 is constant. The gas volume V is proportional to Au, which is the gas flow velocity u in the area A. Therefore, T (Au) ^γ-1 = T ₀ (A ₀ u ₀ ) ^γ-1 .

To get.

径ｒは直線的なテーパー形を呈する。ｒ＝ｒ_０にとっては、ｄ＝ｄ_０を留意する。スパイラル通路の半径と長さは角度θに従って指数的に増加しているため、通路深さｄは通路長さ

The diameter r has a linear tapered shape. For r = r ₀ , keep in mind d = d _0. Since the radius and length of the spiral passage increase exponentially with the angle θ, the passage depth d is the passage length.

Using this passage geometry, the differential equation:

である。When r = r ₀ , the initial condition is T = T ₀ . The solution of the differential equation is

Is.

ｄ_０＝２ｃｍ、最大のスパイラル半径ｒ_１＝４ｃｍ、ｃ＝０．２、ｗ＝０．３ｃｍ、及びγ＝１．４を選択する。

Select d ₀ = 2 cm, maximum spiral radius r ₁ = 4 cm, c = 0.2, w = 0.3 cm, and γ = 1.4.

ｚ）の場合、ｕ_０＝３７７ｃｍ／ｓであり、風速度は（１５ｋｍ／時間より小さい）。ガスは１０００Ｋから４００Ｋまで冷却される。

In the case of z), u ₀ = 377 cm / s, and the wind velocity is (less than 15 km / hour). The gas is cooled from 1000K to 400K.

Pressure change due to isothermal compression of gas in exponential spiral The above analysis is repeated for isothermal compression of gas instead of adiabatic expansion as described above. This analysis is very important for understanding the performance of heat pumps, and the isothermal process improved the efficiency of heat or cold generation.
Thermal energy can be exchanged between working gas and the environment. In the isothermal process, at a constant gas temperature T, the internal energy of the _gas does not change and Q gas = anRT. For air, a = 2.5, i.e. the degree of freedom of gas molecules (ie 5) is divided by two.

に約まる。

About.

In the isothermal process, for a constant T, pV = nRT is constant. The velocity u satisfies a condition that a _{predetermined value A 0} · u ₀ · p ₀ and Up = A ₀ u ₀ p _{0 is a constant.} The above differential equation

を得る。When the solution of the above differential equation is obtained using a similar tapered factor c, the pressure ratio:

To get.

ｗ＝１ｃｍである。

w = 1 cm.

The unknown discharge rate u ₀ is determined by the pressure at both ends of the spiral (ie, p ₀ and p _1). Place

The pressure increases linearly with the angular velocity ω and the compressor radius. If the same work is achieved with a relatively small volume of airflow, the compression increases as the _{flow velocity u 0 decelerates.}

に代入し、

減速に従って増加する。

Substitute in

Increases as deceleration.

Tapered holes can increase the compression ratio. Another way to achieve a high compression ratio is to compress the air in multiple stages. Each stage of the spiral compressor can be manufactured by 3D printing. A highly efficient thermal engine requires a high compression ratio of over 20.

For air conditioning and solar energy desalination, compression ratios as small as 2 are available, for which our spiral compressors are effective and do not require the use of spiral taper or multiple spiral stages.

The new unipolar generator and motor heat pump transfer heat from low temperature to high temperature by working. Power is provided by the electric machine. The heat engine converts heat into work. Power can be converted to electric power by a generator. We set out to design a new generator and electric machine. .. Progenitors like Edison, Tesla and Steinmetz defeat the technology available at the time. Now, better generators can be redesigned using current technology to achieve small size and high efficiency.

The world's first generator was demonstrated by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday isopolar DC generators are less efficient. Here, we point out three problems with the Faraday generator. The geometric dimensions of Faraday's invention are also lacking.
The first problem is the lack of strong permanent magnetic material. Due to the lack of strong permanent magnets, Faraday and Henry must utilize large electromagnets to induce power. The second problem is the lack of high-speed thermal engines, such as current gas turbines. Unless the magnetic material is strong, it is not possible to convert a large torque even if the steam engine is slow. The third problem is the lack of solid-state electronic devices for digital and solid-state control of voltage and current. Voltage control by induction coil and transformer is quite troublesome.

Current technology has solved these problems. Rare earth magnetic materials generate a strong magnetic field. High-speed turbines operate significantly faster than piston steam engines. Solid, high-power electronic devices provide agile control over voltage and current. We reinvented the unipolar DC generator that matched our turbines. This generator is simpler but more powerful and voltage than the Faraday or Tesla generators. You don't need a brush or commutator. High efficiency, no eddy currents and no hysteresis loss.

Adopt a new DC DC generator as part of Firefly technology. DC is found to be more useful than AC for LED lighting, electric vehicles and battery charging. Digitally controlled and solid-state electronic devices can easily change the DC voltage and current over time. It is not necessary to convert DC to AC, for example, a solar energy battery panel connected to the power grid converts DC generated by solar energy into DC required for the power grid AC.

We explain our generator in the space tie test conducted on the Space Shuttle in 1996. A 2km long metal core string allows the Space Shuttle to fly eastward in low equatorial orbits to smaller satellites. The tie cord coated with polytetrafluoroethylene generates a current of 1 A before the current leaks to the ionized layer, and the tie cord is melted, causing satellite loss.

On Earth, a magnetic field of about 25 UT at the equator points northward and passes through a string at an orbital speed of 10 km / s. Electrons flow into the astronomical plane and leak into the ionized layer there. The generated voltage is V = E. d = | ν || B | d = 10,000 m / s × 0.000025T × 2000 m = 5000 V. The tie is cut and it is closer to the shuttle end than the voltage of 3500V at the satellite end. A high voltage of 3500V passes through the Teflon barrier, electrons jump in the ionization layer, enter the astronomical plane, and are further dissipated to the surrounding ionization layer.

The space tie test may be an electric motor, propelling the aviation plane to a higher orbit by passing the drive current through a rigid tie, generating electrical power to propel the nautical plane forward. .. By propelling forward in this way, the aviation plane can ascend to a higher orbit. Compared to generators, motors require shorter, stronger pushers, higher currents and multiple rods. Closing a circuit requires a connecting wire, such as number 8, between the ends of two parallel rods.

Our unipolar DC generator has a similar geometry. With respect to the rotating Earth, the astronomical plane is stationary, that is, the Earth is the rotor and the nautical plane is the stator. The magnetic material of the rotating magnetic disk below the direction of the Antarctic axis is used. The rotating magnetic field creates an electric field in the stator wire placed below the magnetic material of the magnetic disk. The winding allows the current to return to the next circuit of the stator conductor without passing through the long stator conductor through which the current returns. The entire orbit can be used as one ring-shaped solenoid, and the entire magnetic field can be adopted.

A new unipolar generator is shown in FIG. We describe our generator using two simulations. The upper figure in FIG. 4 is a simulation based on a Faraday unipolar DC generator. The lower figure in FIG. 4 is a simulation based on the space connection test. Magnetic rotors are similar to the spinning Earth. The stator coil is similar to a space tie with a current circuit.

Faraday's isopolar disk generator has a rotating disk moving around a magnetic disk at a circumferential velocity v. In the periphery, it passes through a single magnetic gap of strength B. A radial electric field E = ν × B is generated, and a current flows from the center of the magnetic disk to the periphery.

The generated current is collected by a brush around the magnetic disk. The collected current is returned to the center of the disk through an external circuit and supplied to electrical equipment such as an ohm heater.

Our new geometry, which is similar to Faraday, is shown in the upper figure of FIG. Using one permanent magnetic cylinder, the outer surface of the cylinder has a north pole, and the inside of the cylinder is the south pole. The permanent magnetic cylinder forms the rotor of the generator.

Our geometry is different from Faraday's geometry. Our rotor is a circular magnetic material. A Faraday rotor is a metal disc that rotates between magnetic poles. Eddy currents flow through the magnetic disk around the magnetic poles, causing loss.

Our stator is an outer cylinder that is concentric with the rotor. The air gap between the stator and the rotor is about 1 mm, which is extremely small. It moves at a velocity v according to the radial magnetic field B, induces an upward electric field to be generated, and generates an electric field E = v × B along the length of the stator cylinder. Both ends of the metal stator cylinder contain electrodes of opposite charges.

The voltage is a scalar product of the electric field E and the length vector d of the air cylinder. When the depth of the magnetic rotor cylinder is d = | d |, the generated voltage is V = E. d = | ν || B | d.

In the generator operation, the current I. The power generated by is _PE = IV = I | ν || B | d.

Electric power is generated by the mechanical work in which the electric current I is consumed by the magnetic force. Based on Ampere's law, the force F caused by the current I flowing through the distance d in the magnetic field B is F = I | B | d, ignoring the edge effect. This force acts on the mechanical power generated by resisting the turbine.
The magnetic and mechanical work is the _{work, P M = F | ν |} = I | B | d | ν | = IV = P E, is converted to the power _{P E.} The energy is reserved and is in perfect agreement with the electrical energy produced by the consumed mechanical energy.

Our generator does not consume the current circuit in the air cylinder. This is because the only return path for current is outside the stator cylinder.

A cylinder V = E. that can increase the voltage by connecting the voltage in series without limiting the voltage. d = | ν || B | d. The method as shown in FIG. 4 uses the stator solenoid n times instead of the stator cylinder. The induced voltage in the electromagnetic material is now V = n || E. d || = n | ν || B | d.

The lower part of FIG. 4 shows another arrangement of generators that is similar to the space tie test. The stator solenoid is placed under a magnetic rotor cylinder that has a magnetic axis along the cylinder axis. Another stator solenoid may be placed above the magnetic rotor. The electromagnetic coils may operate as independent voltage sources or may be connected in series to double the voltage. The inductive force between the stator and the rotor resists gravity as a magnetic force and causes the rotor to float.

As one example, consider the rotation of a Hui turbo with a radius of r = 16 cm at f = 100 Hz. The magnetic field strength of the rare earth magnetic material is B = 1T, and the height of the magnetic material is d = 1 cm. The winding of the stator is n = 100. The electric field strength is | E | = | ν × B | = 2πrf × 1T = 100.5V / m. The induced voltage is V = n | E | d = 100.5V. The power of the generator is P = IV, in which the current I drawn by the external circuit produces a reverse torque with respect to the torque force of the turbine.

This Hui generator may be a Hui motor. Based on Ampere's law, the force F at which the current I flows through the distance d in the magnetic field B is F = I | B | d, ignoring the edge effect. Therefore, when the rotor does not rotate, the electric field E = ν × B does not exist for the zero velocity vector v = 0.

In order to operate the Hui generator as a Hui motor, it is necessary to apply a force of F = I | B | d to the current controller of I. The current controller fixes the current regardless of the end voltage V of the motor. At higher speeds, the induced electric field becomes stronger and the larger induced voltage V.I. To generate.

The rate at which power P = IV is converted to mechanical power is determined by the current controller. Today's solid-state electrons provide effective current and voltage control, facilitating production and speed maintenance.

Hui motors have many advantages. Easy to control torque and speed. Efficiency close to 100% can be achieved. Induction motors lose more than 10% of their energy due to eddy currents and hysteresis. Our motor has no eddy currents. Do not use heavy and lossy magnetic cores. Our new geometry can make the motor smaller. Our DC motors can directly utilize DC power sources such as chemical cells, supercapacitors, solar energy cell panels, or our DC generators. Avoid repeated conversion of DC-AC with loss.

Type 1 application of tapered spiral turbines: gas turbines with unipolar generators

Our thermodynamic turbines utilize the Brayton thermal power cycle to convert heat into workpieces. The lower part of FIG. 2 shows a graph of pressure and volume of the Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle consists of air insulation and isentropic compression 1 → 2, gas isobaric heating and expansion 2 → 3, gas insulation and issentropic expansion 3 → 4, and gas isobaric cooling 4 → 1 after the turbine. Including four stages of.

The efficiency of the Brayton cycle thermodynamic engine is analyzed as follows. Consider the temperature T and pressure p of the gas in the Brayton cycle. The adiabatic compression of the gas (1 → 2) maintains ^{constant pV γ} and TV ^γ-1. In the case of diatomic gas, the adiabatic coefficient is γ = 1.4. Assume that the air and fuel are at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 300 K (27 ° C). Multiplying the adiabatic compression volume by 8 times increases the pressure to 18.38 bar and the temperature to 689.2 K (343.3 ° C).

When the fuel-air mixture is burning at a constant pressure, the volume of the burning mixture is increased by the heat of combustion, providing work with volume expansion. After isobaric expansion, the burning air descends to the spiral outlet with pressure and further expands, vice versa with adiabatic compression of the fuel-air mixture. Further work is provided by the adiabatic expansion of the gas in the spiral.

である。The work W is the area in the pressure and volume chart of the Brayton cycle. In the case of adiabatic expansion, pV ^γ is constant. The pressure P _L and P _H is the pressure before the low pressure and after the compressor. The volumes _VL and _VE are the low pressure volume before the compressor and the high pressure volume after the compressor. Work by the Brayton cycle

Is.

である。The constants C and C'depend on the initial conditions of the gas volume. When restandardized with combustion heat Q for each cycle, the efficiency of this Brayton cycle thermodynamic engine is

Is.

The Brayton cycle is a constant pressure (etc.) at two steps in the cycle.

Assuming 8 as the volume compression through the compressor, the pressure increases 18.38 times based on ^{the constant pV γ.} Brayton cycle efficiency is

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the Hui thermal engine. The bottom of the thermal engine is a compressor cylinder. A preferred compressor available is the Archimedes vortex compressor shown in FIG. The top is an inflator taper body with a spiral of constant width, the spiral having a tapered depth. Compressed air flows from the center of the top of the compressor to the center of the bottom of the expander. The fuel is ignited in the central combustion chamber of the expander from the center of the bottom of the compressor via a small pipe. The pressure of the air after expansion and combustion causes a single compressor-expansion component to rotate and provide the driving force. Electric power is generated by a unipolar generator at the bottom of the component.

Second type of tapered spiral turbine application: DC electric drive heat pump / dehumidifier

Cooling agents, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are commonly used in heat pumps and coolers. The HFC gas is compressed, the amount of heat is pumped and transmitted to the pressurized HFC, and the pressurized HFC is liquefied at the time of cooling. The liquid HFC is evaporated under reduced pressure to remove heat from the environment. This liquefaction-evaporation cycle constitutes the Rankine cycle heat pump process. However, when a cooling agent (eg, HFC) is released into the atmosphere, it becomes an effective global warming gas. HFC captures 1000 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Based on recent Kigali talks, HFCs will be replaced promptly.

The preferred air conditioning method is utilized for the airplane, and the Brayton cycle heat pump process is used instead for the preferred air conditioning method described above. Air is expelled from the jet engine compressor. A slight drop in air pressure quickly cools the discharged air. The cold air from the cabin vents is usually mist. The mist further cools the air as the mist evaporates. Moist air when compressed causes or becomes mist. Cooling the compressed moist air can remove the moisture in the air and generate water for consumption. Moisture in the cooling air removes the heat of vaporization of water in the air.

This observation suggests that the Hui spiral compressor produces cold air and water chills. Here, I will explain the advantages of thermodynamics. Here, we introduce a new thermodynamic heat pump process and name it the Hui cycle as shown in the lower part of FIG. The Hui cycle merges two thermal power cycles: the Carnot cycle, which has an isothermal and adiabatic step, and the Brayton cycle, which has an isothermal and adiabatic step. Use an isothermal process instead of the Brayton cycle adiabatic process. Isothermal compression reduced the amount of work required. Isothermal expansion increased the work generated by the amount of environmental heat from the environment.

The Hui cycle requires a compressor and an expander with an internal heat exchanger. Heat exchange may be achieved by environmental airflow between the spiral passages. FIG. 3 shows each stage of the Hui cycle. Environmental temperature T _a, the high temperature T _H of extracting _heat, and there are three temperature low temperature T _L to generate cold air.

Step 1 → 2 is an isothermal compression phase at _{T H} of the gas, takes compressed workpiece _{W c = nRT H lnp H /} p L, _{therein, p} H, _{p L} is the high pressure of the isobaric stage Low pressure. If not increase the temperature of the gas, this work is completely changed to the compression heat Q _c to dissipate.

Step 2 → 2.alpha is isobaric cooling from high T _H of the gas to ambient T _a. Steps 2a → 3 are further isobaric cooling from the _{gas environment Ta to low TL.}

Step 3 → 4 is an isothermal expansion phase at low _{T L} of the gas to produce an expanded workpiece _{W e} by heat _{Q e} being absorbed, _{therein, Q e = W e = nRT} L lnp H / p L Is.

Step 4 → 4b is isobaric heat from low _{T L} of the gas to ambient _{T a.} Step 4b → 1 is further isobaric heat from the environment T _a gas to a high T _H.

The amount of heat is repeatedly used using a backflow heat exchanger. For step 2 → 2a, the amount of heat released is just absorbed by step 4b → 1. For steps 2a → 3, the amount of heat released is just absorbed by steps 4 → 4b.

である。The heating and freezing performances are summarized below. The heating performance coefficient COP _h is obtained by dividing the amount of heat generated Q _h by the network W _net = W _c− W _e. so that,

Is.

である。The cooling performance coefficient COP _{c is calculated} by dividing the _{cold air Q e} generated by isothermal expansion by the network W _net = W c −W _e. so that,

Is.

Water _T a = 27 ° C. air _T a = 27 ° C. while being heated from (300K) to _T H = 77 ℃ (350K)

I asked why a compression cooling agent is needed. For example, CFCs or HFCs that consume ozone or retain heat rather than directly compressing air. The Hui cycle can achieve ideal heat pump efficiency. Get the work again from the expanded gas. On the contrary, evaporation of the cooling agent does not form a work. By prioritizing liquefaction, I presume that we have done well in the direction of liquefaction of highly efficient cooling agents. An effective and compact spiral turbine can be used to effectively compress air and avoid the use of cooling agents.

More preferably, when compressing the moist air to remove the heat of compression, the moisture in the air is cooled. Cooling heat is dispersed. Traditional air conditioning requires the use of cold air produced by the evaporation of the cooling agent gas to remove moisture and its cooling heat. For the same air temperature drop, wet removal of air increased the working load of the air conditioner.

For urban skyscrapers where the cooler is outside the building, cooling the humidity usually causes liquid particles to drip onto the human body, irritating passers-by. We eliminated this irritation by including the cooling water in a closed cooler. The collected water can be piped out until empty or collected and used for human and plant consumption.

Evaporated water imparts steam pressure, and the steam pressure depends only on temperature. This vapor pressure is part of the pressure exerted by the moist air. Each composition gas in air imparts its own vapor pressure. The air composition includes oxygen gas (19% by volume), nitrogen gas (80%), argon gas (1%) and water (depending on the percentage of humidity level), and atmospheric pressure is the sum of the vapor pressures of each air composition. Yes, the total vapor pressure is about 1 bar on the sea plane.

Air humidity is defined as the water content in air divided by the water content in 100% moist air. The dew point is defined as the temperature at which the air cools to the point where the water begins to cool in 100% moist air. The dew point and air temperature are the same, with 100% humidity. For example, for 100% moist air at 25 ° C and 14 ° C, 100 g of air contains 2 g of water and 1 g of water, respectively. Therefore, the dew point of 50% moist air at 25 ° C is 14 ° C.

What happens to the air moisture when the pressure of 100% moist air at 25 ° C is doubled? First, the vapor pressure of all air compositions is doubled. The moist air heated by compression is also cooled to 25 ° C. Since the water vapor pressure depends only on the temperature, the water vapor pressure increased by compression cools the water. Half of the air vapor must be cooled so that it recovers to the same vapor pressure as water at 25 ° C.

For high humidity air, compressing the air volume 2-3 times cools most of the moisture in the air. This cooling releases a large amount of cooling heat. Consider doubling the pressure of 80% moist air at 25 ° C. This air has 1.6 g of water / 100 g of moist air. Increasing the pressure and then cooling the moist air produces 0.6 g of water. If the heat of vaporization per gram of water evaporated exceeds 2200J, the pressure excludes energy of 1320J for 0.6g of water to be cooled.

冷却で除去される熱量に比べる２５℃での８０％湿潤空気の４倍圧力では、１．２ｇの水蒸気が生成される。空気から除去される水は、人又は植物が消費するための水を生成する。This amount of heat is remarkable as compared with cooling 100 g of air at 20 ° C. 100g air 2

At 4 times the pressure of 80% moist air at 25 ° C. compared to the amount of heat removed by cooling, 1.2 g of water vapor is produced. The water removed from the air produces water for human or plant consumption.

FIG. 6 shows a heat pump for producing hot water, cold air and cooling water. A top compressor driven by our motor compresses air from the center of the bottom of the compressor into a heat exchange pipe. The pipe passes through the center of the water tank and obtains its air compression heat and water cooling heat to heat the water in the water tank. Cooling water and compressed air to be cooled are collected in a tank at the bottom. The expander is driven by compressed air at the top to obtain cold air and use it for space cooling. Compressed air may be distributed through nylon pipes to indoor expanders and used for freezing and workpiece formation, lighting and power for consumption by electrical equipment.

Type 3 application of tapered spiral turbines: solar energy hydrosalting

It may be applied to desalination of water by solar energy using a spiral compressor. The electric power for driving the compressor may be generated by solar energy thermal power or photovoltaic power. Solar energy is collected and collected as a quantity of heat, and seawater can be boiled with a decreasing air pressure. Our spiral compressor may be used to cool the steam from the salt water that evaporates with solar energy. Compressing low-pressure steam raises the temperature of the steam and condenses it. More salt water can be evaporated while the amount of heat of condensation remains at the reduced pressure.

When walking in Tibet, China, solar energy desalination is suggested. I heard a loud squeaking noise and saw steam coming out of the solar energy water heater. When the atmospheric pressure is reduced by half, the water boils at 80 ° C. When I got on the train and ate rice on the tallest railroad in the world, located between Aomi and Tibet, the dishes quickly became slightly warm. I demanded that the dishes be reheated in the microwave, but to no avail, my Chinese-style chawanmushi quickly cooled as the water in the food evaporated into the lean air.

Such a low pressure environment can be reconstructed at the head of the high water column. Water boils at the top of a 5 m water column at 80 ° C., where the pressure is reduced by half. A 10 m water column has zero pressure at the top and a large amount of water evaporates at the top. The steam pressure generated lowers the water column. Steam must be removed with a pump to create a similar vacuum at the top.

FIG. 7 shows a water desalting device using Hui solar energy. In a normal solar energy water heater, the amount of solar energy heat is captured to heat the water in the glass pipe. This glass pipe is included in another vacuum glass pipe. The outer glass pipe has a reflective semi-surface that reflects sunlight to the internal water heating pipe. Utilizes a larger light reflector, similar to a solar energy water heater. A reflector forms a tapered surface as shown in FIG. 8 and collects sunlight in a vertically installed water pipe. The reflector tracks the sun at azimuth position α. The true north sun has α = 0. A reflector also tracks the sun at height or above sea level and is defined as the angle β between the sun and the horizon. The sun just above the crown at the zenith has β = 90 °.

FIG. 8 shows a parabolic taper reflector. The center line of the tapered surface is called the top line. The apex points to the sun on the horizon, which should follow the azimuth position of the sun. To track the sun at that height, the apex tilt angle δ causes the reflected light to illuminate the vertical line of the focal point, in which the salt water is heated at the focal point.

The horizontal cross section of the tapered surface is a parabola focused on the vertical z-axis. The vertical position of the focal point of the parabolic cross section depends on the altitude of the sun and the gradient of the cone. Consider that the sun just above the crown at the zenith has β = 90 °. When the apex is tilted at δ = 45 °, the sunlight on the apex is reflected horizontally by the saltwater column. The reflector is tapered, i.e. the tapered body is formed from a line of sight from the origin (0,0,0). The surface of the cone may be formed by hanging a woven fabric of a cut polyester thin film on a carbon fiber rod, in which the carbon fiber rod is a half straight line of the cone. The polyester thin film piece fits the curved surface of a parabolic cone.

Consider the altitude above sea level at δ = 45 ° on a tapered surface as shown in FIG. The tip of the tapered body is positioned at the origin (x, y, z) = (0,0,0). The parabolic cross section at horizontal z has an apex (minimum parabola) at (x, y, z) = (0, z, z). When the sun is just above the crown β = 90 °, as shown in FIG. 8, the light focuses on (x, y, z) = (0,0, z) having a focal length p = z.

の太陽β＝０°、δ＝９０°を検証した。頂線は、ｙ−ｚ平面での方程式ｙ＝ｚｔａｎδである。そしてテーパー形表面はｘ^２＝４ｚｔａｎδ（ｙ−ｚｔａｎδ）である。Consider the more general case β> 0. Taking a predetermined vertical horizontal z, parabolic surface is ^{x 2 = 4p (y + p} ). It is desirable to reflect sunlight and impact the vertical columns horizontally. Obtained

The sun β = 0 ° and δ = 90 ° were verified. The apex is the equation y = ztanδ in the yz plane. And the tapered surface is x ² = 4 ztan δ (y-ztan δ).

It is important that the reflector tracks the sun in azimuth position, but it is not so important that it can accurately track the sun at height. The resulting focus is maintained on the z-axis, but may be shifted up or down on this axis based on the height of the sun. Therefore, it may be sufficient to preset the slope of δ with respect to the reflector, for example, the heights of the sun δ = 60 ° and δ = 75 °. The change from δ = 60 ° to δ = 75 ° can be realized by unfolding a parabolic cone origami.

Decompression at the head of the water causes the water to boil at a relatively low temperature. If the vapor pressure of water is equal to the environmental pressure, the water will boil. Steam pressure depends only on temperature. As shown in FIG. 7, the key step for hydrosalting is to compress the low pressure steam and cool it at a relatively high pressure. The spiral compressor is placed above the head of the water to remove the steam.

The steam that is compressed and heated emerges from the center of the spiral compressor and enters an elongated pipe that goes down along the center of the water column. The water is cooled by steam, generating heat and exchanging it with the surrounding boiling water. As shown in FIG. 7, the cooling water is collected in a closed container at the bottom of the column. Fresh water may be pumped out of the cooling chamber.

A large amount of cooling heat is generated with steam cooling. By capturing such cooling heat, the efficiency of water distillation was significantly improved.

At the head of the water, it evaporates and the saltiness is concentrated. Such a heavy and hot salt aqueous solution is taken into the salt-containing water in which the amount of heat enters by the backflow heat exchanger, and is discharged.

The efficiency of desalination is limited to thermodynamics. The amount of heat required to evaporate the salt-containing water is greater than the amount of heat released by cooling the steam. The amount of heat provided by the sun is sufficient.
Incomplete heat exchange results in reduced efficiency. Heat loss due to convection can be realized by insulation. High desalination efficiency is expected by utilizing good insulation and heat exchange.
Electric energy can be generated and supplied from the sun by solar energy photovoltaic power generation or thermal energy of solar energy.

Electric power is used to compress low pressure steam. Kinetic energy is converted to heat of compression. The heat of compression and the heat of cooling are used to evaporate more salt-containing water.

We believe this can be a very economical and sustainable method and purify seawater for human and plant consumption.

Drinking salt-containing water is a health problem in the Indian subcontinent. Pacific islanders can use solar energy desalination for drinking and cleanliness purposes.
Details of integrated thermal turbines and generators

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the thermal turbine and the generator. The thermodynamic turbine includes a compressor 501, a heating chamber 502, and an expander 503, among which two 4-spiral disks are shown above and below the horizontal cross section of FIG.

The four compressor spiral passages 504, 505, 506, and 507 rotate so that the outside air is compressed and enters. Then, the compressed air enters the heating chamber 502 from the center of the compressor 501. When the compressor is rotating along one direction (clockwise in the figure), the gas is flowing in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in the figure) in the compressor spiral passage. It is compressed.

For producing heat by gas combustion, the combustible gas enters the heating chamber 502 through the fuel nozzle 508, where the fuel-air mixture is ignited.

For generating heat by the collected solar energy thermal power, the sunlight is focused and collected at the center of the top of the expander 513 so that the focused sunlight is allowed to enter the chamber. , May have a glass top.

When a single turbine is rotating along one direction, the compressor 501 and the expander 503 are rotating in the same clockwise direction. The gas is expanding in the four expander passages 509, 510, 511, 512. The gas is rotating (counterclockwise) in these passages in a direction opposite to the turbine rotation. As shown in the figure, the gas pressure causes the turbine to rotate clockwise. The gas that consumes the pressure is discharged in the outer circumference of the inflator.
The gas flows in the same direction (counterclockwise), but the spiral expands in the opposite direction to the compressor (clockwise) and the expander (counterclockwise).

The inflator spiral exhibits a tapered shape with a gradually decreasing depth from a relatively large depth 513 near the center to a relatively small depth 514 near the exit. Such a tapered shape allows the pressure in the spiral to be gradually released.

The compressor spiral may be tapered to induce a higher compression ratio. Preferably, a stack of a plurality of compressors is adopted stepwise. Compressed air from the center of the compression stage passes through the centrifuge center and is guided to the edge of the compressor in the next stage. We may utilize a vortex compressor containing two Archimedes spirals instead of the tapered spiral compressor.

The turbine rotates around two ends 515, 516 on a rotating axis fixed to the turbine case. Ball bearings, air bearings, or magnetic bearings may be used for smooth rotation.

The generator 517 is shown as being in the turbine-generator enclosure. The magnetic material 518 is placed on the edge of the rotor disk, in which case the opposite magnetic poles are at the top and bottom of the magnetic disk, as shown.

Two ring solenoids 519 and 520 are used on the top and bottom of the magnetic material. The two solenoids may be connected in series to the voltage doubler output. These two solenoids may be used as magnetic bearings for the turbine. The permanent magnetic body 518 is suspended by the magnetic force from the solenoids 519 and 520.

The two ends 521 and 522 form the terminals of the DC generator. The external load 523 consumes the generated power. Among them, the load controller may be used to control the rotational speed of the turbine. The high voltage increases the rotational speed. The low resistance of the external load increases the current flow. The large current flow gives the workpiece supplied by the thermal turbine a strong torque resistance.

The thermal turbine can directly apply work to an external mechanical load (eg, a gearbox of an automobile or a turboprop engine of an airplane). The generated power may be stored in a chemical cell or supercapacitor. The generated DC power is stored and there is no reversal from DC to AC. The stored DC power may be recovered as DC so as to drive the motor. The motor is the same generator as the compressor-expander-generator-motor having the composition shown in FIG. Another motor may not be needed.

Detailed FIG. 6 of the air conditioner and the dehumidifier shows an embodiment of the air conditioner and the dehumidifier.
One embodiment used the same structure as a single rotor consisting of a combination of compressor 601 and expander 602. No heat chamber is needed to absorb heat. The amount of heat can be sufficiently dissipated by the gas forced to flow in the spiral passage. The compressed and partially cooled air goes directly into the inflator 602 for further cooling. As a fan, the inflator blows cold air directly onto the human body to obtain cooling for the individual.

Instead of directing the partially cooled compressed air from the compressor directly to the expander, the compressed air is transferred downward to the heat exchanger 603, which is the amount of heat of gas to the water heating tank 604. To generate. By cooling the compressed air, its moisture is cooled into chamber 605 and collected by 618. Cold water enters at 616 and is heated in the water tank 604. Take out hot water at 617.

Then, the compressed air to be cooled is further cooled by the environmental air passing through the guide pipe 606 to the expander 602. The air from which the pressure from the inflator 602 is consumed is guided through the vent 607. The inflator is also used as a blower to transport the cooled and dried air to the room in the building.

The power of the compressor is supplied by a DC motor 608 having the same structure as the DC generator used in the thermal turbine. The rotor magnetic body 609 is a ring having a magnetic axis aligned with the rotor rotation axis. The power of the stator coils 610 and 611 is supplied by the DC power supply 612.

The voltage and current of the motor are controlled by the motor control device 613. The rotation speed is controlled by the voltage. Compressors and motors are gradually increasing diagonally to the required compression speed. The electric current controls the torque force required for compression. The compressor is hinged to the bearing at 614,615.

In a preferred embodiment, the compressor 601 and the expander are decoupled. Compressed air may be transported to a single room by a thin nylon pipe. The inflator is located in each room and carries the power that can be generated by the cold air and the rotation of the inflator.

This preferred embodiment may be applied to villages with centralized compressors and generators. The power of the compressor may come from a solar energy battery panel or a thermodynamic turbine driven by solar energy calorie or gas combustion. We transport compressed air to the hut rather than providing energy through metal conductors. Compressed air supplies cold air and low-voltage DC to each home for LED lighting, televisions, and battery charging. Compressed air may accumulate in large quantities and be applied at night.

Detailed FIG. 7 of water desalting by solar energy shows a water desalting system that evaporates salt water under reduced pressure using solar energy. The photovoltaic power 714 may be applied to drive the compressor 704.

The desalination system has a water heating / steam cooling subsystem that is similar to air conditioning with dehumidification. Compress low pressure steam instead of moist air.

The high water column 701 has a reduced pressure at the water head portion 702. The salt water tank 703 may be made of tempered glass, reinforced concrete or ceramic material that can withstand salt water corrosion.

Above the water head and inside the water tank 703, the compressor 704 driven by the motor 705 sucks in low pressure steam from the inlet 715. The steam to be compressed leaves the compressor hinged at 712, 713 and then condenses. Condensed water heats salt water in tank 703 to further evaporate.

The circulation of salt water is shown as follows. The salt-containing water may be preheated before entering the water chamber 703 through the inlet 710. Preheating may be realized by exchanging heat with the waste liquid of salt-containing salt water. The salt-containing water in the solar energy water heater may be preheated by a vacuum glass water heating pipe.

The parabolic solar energy collector 709 focuses the solar energy on the saltwater column 703. FIG. 8 shows the geometric shape of the collector. The salt-containing water is heated by the focused sunlight, and the salt-containing water rises to the top 716 and evaporates in large quantities with the reduced pressure due to the heat of the water. Water is also heated by the cooling steam in the heat exchanger 706.

The concentrated salt water moves to 717, where it cools to evaporate further and sinks to the bottom. The salt water waste liquid is discharged at 711. Heat exchange may occur between the hot salt water waste liquid and the invading salt-containing water.

The vertical volume of the salt water tank may be divided into a plurality of sections for convenient circulation from the inlet 710 through the top positions 716, 717 to the outlet 711. If the saltwater tank is made of clear glass, it may absorb sunlight that is focused at the boundaries of the section.
Water is condensed into chamber 707 and then extracted by 708.

Solar energy can also be provided by turbines driven by the collected solar energy. The hot air discharged from the turbine can heat the water column instead of the focus mirror 709. The combined thermal engine and solar energy desalination equipment may be a true lifesaver for pelagic vessels and staying islanders.

End Human survival has three basic elements: air, water and sunlight. With these three factors, all human comfort, perhaps with the assistance of gas fuel, cooling, heating, foods, drinking water, clean water, and the energy required for communication, calculation and transportation. Earn the energy. The inventions described are believed to provide the comfort of these humans, if necessary, by the paradigm of personal energy rather than centralized production.

Thanks: Monarch Power's Jim Hussey, Ancur Ghosh, Forest Brier and Jerry Jin performed and tested an early version of the turbine. Professor Daniel Bliss of Arizona State University, YC Cheew of Rutgers University and Fallin Chen of National Taiwan University held a discussion on spiral turbine fluid dynamics. Professor Keng Hsu of ASU laser-printed the metal turbine model.

Claims (7)

Rotates around the central axis, comprising a disk having a scan Pairaru passage for flowing the gas in a spiral shape along the path,
The spiral radius of the spiral path each, exponentially increases with angle, the cross-sectional area of the cross section of the spiral path each, it decreases as the angle, spiral turbine. An expander turbine based on the spiral turbine according to claim 1.
The spiral turbine rotates in one direction around the central axis of the sparile turbine and
The gas flows from the inside to the outside of the disk in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the spiral turbine, and the gas converts the pressure energy into work and pushes the outer periphery of the spiral passage to rotate the disk. , Expander turbine. A compressor turbine based on the spiral turbine according to claim 1.
The spiral turbine rotates in one direction around the central axis of the sparile turbine and
The gas flows from the outside to the inside of the disc in the same direction as the rotation direction of the spiral turbine, and the gas is decelerated in a spiral passage having a cross-sectional area increasing toward the center of the disc, while the spiral passage. A compressor turbine that is pushed around the perimeter of a compressor and converts the work of the spiral turbine into gas pressure energy. In a turbine heat engine including the expander turbine according to claim 2 and the compressor turbine according to claim 3.
Further equipped with a combustion chamber,
The compressor turbine pressurizes air from the outside to the inside of the turbine heat engine.
The combustion chamber heats the pressurized air by burning fuel.
Said expander turbine, when the heated pressurized air flows from the inside to the outside, Ru changing the pressure and thermal energy of the heated pressurized air to work, the turbine heat engine. In a turbine heat pump including the expander turbine according to claim 2 and the compressor turbine according to claim 3.
Equipped with a heat exchanger
The compressor turbine, heating the air by pressurizing the air from the outside towards the front Symbol turbine pump inside,
The heat exchanger, heat from the pressurized air which is heated by the compressor turbine cooling the pressurized air deprives Ukoto,
It said expander turbine, Ru further lowering the temperature of said cooled compressed air by expanding the pressurized air the cooling from the inside to the outside of the turbine pump, turbine pump. In the desalination water apparatus including the compressor turbine according to claim 3.
A tank that holds salt water and
A heat source for heating the salt water contained in the tank, and
A heat exchanger provided inside the tank is provided.
In the low pressure environment above the tank, low pressure steam is generated from the salt water heated by the heat source, the compressor turbine compresses and heats the low pressure steam, and the heat exchanger is heated by the compressor turbine. A desalting water device that produces water by cooling the steam and further heats the salt water contained in the tank by the cooling heat. The desalination water device according to claim 6, wherein the heat source is a reflector for reflecting sunlight and irradiating the tank.

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