JP2001193419A - Combined power generating system and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combined power generating system for making resources for solar energy (thermal energy) accumulated in every materials (heat sources) on the earth as electricity and the thermal energy which are effective for humans. SOLUTION: A process A for vaporizing compressed gas heating medium, vaporized at a temperature or lower of a material heat source by being brought into contact with the heat source through a heat exchanger, a process B for adiabatic expansion of the vaporized heat medium, and a process C for radiating heat, compressing and liquefying a heating object by adiabatically compressing expanded gas or gas-liquid mixture and by heating the heating object by the other heat exchanger than the heat exchanger, are circulated connectedly. Exergy change of the processes A, B, C is taken out as electric energy, and cold heat of a low-temperature heat medium of the process B and hot heat of the process C are utilized as an effective energy source. The combined power generating system and a low-temperature steam power generating system by a Kalina cycle using a nonazeotropic heat medium or its improved cycle are connected to each other, and hot heat energy generated in the process C in the system is set as the heat source of the system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a combined power generation system and a device for recycling thermal energy of various substances such as gas, liquid, and solid as practicable combined energy of electricity and heat.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the problem of energy and the environment has been taken up as the greatest problem for humankind. Regarding energy issues, fossil fuels used for thermal power generation, fuel cells, etc., have a question of permanence due to resource depletion and environmental issues.

[0003] The use of nuclear power is limited in location due to the problem of radioactive pollutants, and it is difficult to greatly expand it. There is no technical prospect for using fusion energy.

[0004] Other energies include the use of energy such as, for example, hydraulic, solar, wind, wave, or geothermal. These are advantageous in that they are clean and can be dispersed.
Low energy density or localized heat source.

On the other hand, energy-related innovations that have recently attracted attention include sodium-sulfur batteries, lithium batteries, and flywheel batteries. However, these are intended to temporarily store energy and to improve utilization efficiency corresponding to leveling or temporary large capacity use.

It has already been proved by natural phenomena that clean effective energy can be created by connecting the evaporation and liquefaction cycles of the heat medium.

That is, there are typhoons, low pressures, tornadoes, etc. that emit enormous energy, and the output energy is immeasurable. A typhoon is a huge heat engine that uses water and air as heat medium = heat pump / clean energy generation system.

The radiant energy of the sun that falls on the earth for one hour is said to be comparable to the energy consumed by all human beings for one year, but the earth, seawater, open air, river water, etc., store most of the solar radiant energy. It is a storage of heat energy.

If the latent heat can be exploited and exploited by the vaporization and liquefaction cycle by applying the heat energy provided to these to the heat medium, the energy generation system will be enormous enough to solve even the energy problem of mankind.

A system for realizing such a principle is as follows.
Known as a heat pump, thermal air conditioners, heaters,
It is commercialized as a hot water storage device. It is also considered to be used as a district heating or snow melting device by being connected to a heat collecting device.

It has been found that these heat pump systems can generate 3-8 times more heat energy than the pressurized energy supplied to operate the heat medium liquefaction compressor. However, there has conventionally been only utilization as heat energy.

The method of utilizing the radiant energy of the sun falling on the earth is limited to a very small part of the method such as a solar cell or a method of collecting heat using a mirror surface. The idea of utilizing the vast amount of stored thermal energy that can be utilized not only on the earth but also in outer space as a promising large-scale clean energy source in the future has not been developed.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies conducted by the present inventor to solve the above-mentioned problems, a step of vaporizing a material heat source by bringing a liquid heat medium that evaporates near the temperature into contact with the heat source through a heat exchanger. The step (1) and the step (2) of heating the substance to be heated by pressurizing the vaporized heat medium through a heat exchanger other than the heat exchanger under pressure to liquefy the heat radiation are connected and circulated. Extract the volume expansion energy at the time of vaporizing the liquid heat medium and the heat radiation energy of the step (2),
It has been found that there is a material heat energy recycling system characterized by recycling as effective thermal energy and electric energy or kinetic energy, and a patent application has already been filed.

The present invention relates to the invention which has been reached as a result of studies for further improving the above-mentioned technology.
That is, the present invention provides a step (A) of vaporizing a compressed gas heat medium vaporized at a temperature equal to or lower than the temperature of a substance heat source through a heat exchanger to contact the heat source, and a step (B) of adiabatically expanding the vaporized heat medium. ) And the step (A) of adiabatically compressing the expanding gas or the gas-liquid mixture and heating and liquefying the substance to be heated through a heat exchanger different from the heat exchanger to circulate and circulate the heat. ), Exergy change (effective workable capacity) of heat medium vaporization / adiabatic expansion in step (B) and compression liquefaction in step (C) are taken out as electric energy, and cooling and heating of the low temperature heat transfer medium in step (B) are performed. The first point is a combined power generation system that utilizes the heat of (C) as an effective energy resource. Further, the combined power generation system according to the first aspect is connected to a low-temperature steam power generation system based on a carina cycle using a non-azeotropic heat medium or an improved cycle thereof, and thermal energy generated in step (C) of the system is described below. A second aspect is a combined power generation system that is a heat source of the system. In the above two types of combined power generation systems, 1) installing a high-performance low-temperature steam generator or providing a high-performance low-temperature steam generator having a heat exchange function immediately after the heat exchanger in steps (A) and (B). And 2) installing a high-performance steam compression generator and a heat exchanger immediately after the high-performance compressor in step (C) or providing a high-performance steam compression generator having a heat exchange function in each step. A third aspect of the present invention is a combined power generation device capable of extracting the generated exergy change as electric energy.

The basic system of the present invention changes the high-pressure liquid heat medium to a relatively low-pressure state and partially vaporizes the expanded medium, and at the same time, expands the work and generates thermal energy from a heat source to promote vaporization. Step (1) utilizing the volume expansion work (exergy), and adiabatic heat of compression generated by compressing the vaporizing heat medium, and liquefaction phase transition under relatively high temperature and high pressure, and the volume change work generated at that time (Exergy) and the step (2) of utilizing latent heat of compression liquefaction. Furthermore, the heat energy generated in the step (2) is used as a heat source, and a high efficiency low-temperature steam power generation cycle using a non-azeotropic solvent such as a water / ammonia system (a cycle system developed by Exergy, USA) or an improved cycle thereof It is characterized in that power is generated in conjunction with the above, and where necessary, the accompanying cold and warm heat are used as effective resources. In the Kalina cycle, high-efficiency power generation of 20 to 50% higher than that of the Rankine cycle is possible by low-temperature steam power generation. Here, the total exergy generated in the basic system is theoretically
The highest value was found to be the same as the power load exergy. In consideration of the theoretical maximum value of the total exergy of the basic system, the power generation energy of the carina cycle and the like can be treated as the electric energy exceeding the input energy.

The present invention proposes the integration of a heat exchanger and a power generation turbine as means for bringing the total amount of exergy generated closer to theoretical performance. The target can be achieved by circulating an external heat source (water, air, etc.) around the turbine shaft, outer shell fixed blades, etc. to ensure an appropriate contact area.

In the operation stabilization state of the system of the present invention,
By converting part of the output energy from the system into electric energy or kinetic energy and using it as the operating energy of the system, it is possible to obtain electric energy equal to or greater than the input power. Also,
Hybrid systems that use solar cell power, wind power, and hydraulic power as compressor power must supply effective thermal energy, electricity, and kinetic energy with thermal energy that is several times greater than solar cell power, wind power, and hydro power. Will be able to The atmosphere,
When using fluids such as rivers and seawater as heat sources,
These substances absorb solar energy (heat and light)
Energy is supplied continuously by convection. That is, it becomes an effective total solar energy effective utilization system.

For example, in a solar cell, only solar energy is converted into electricity, but in the present invention, solar energy and several times more heat and other energy can be simultaneously used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a basic combined power generation system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the apparatus, in which a heat exchanger 5 is shown.
And the low-temperature steam generator 6 are directly connected or integrated,
The volatile gas-liquid mixed heat medium ejected from the heat medium storage tank expands while evaporating, and operates the low-temperature steam turbine to generate power. The compressor 1 operates a solar cell power / purchase or a wind / hydro turbine to compress a heat medium. A compression type (funnel type) turbine that can use the power of condensed fluid is directly connected to the condenser 2 to generate electricity using the exergy change due to volume shrinkage, and to generate hot water or heat using the latent heat resulting from the state change at this time as a heat source. Use for air conditioning.

FIG. 2 shows a low-temperature steam power generation system using a carina cycle system as an additional system of the present invention. This additional system heats and evaporates the low-boiling heat medium for power generation with the heat generated in the heat exchanger 3 of the basic system, and operates the power generation turbine to generate power. Condensation utilizes a low temperature heat source equivalent to the basic system. By using these cycles together, the theoretical output total exergy can be easily obtained about 1.5 times the input exergy.

When the compressor operating power required as the initial power is solar energy or wind energy, the whole system is a closed system, so that it is essentially a clean and independent energy source that does not generate any waste. Can be achieved. In addition, if the compressor is operated with the generated electric power in the stable output state, the power generation method and the power generation device can be completely operated by in-house power generation.

The heating medium system used in the basic system in the present invention includes carbon dioxide gas, propane, butane, various fluorocarbon heating media, air / water system (realized by typhoon, etc.), carbon dioxide /
Examples include, but are not limited to, propane, carbon dioxide / butane, (or acetone, methanol, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether), ammonia / water, and mixed freon heating medium systems.

In order to operate the power generation method of the present invention more efficiently, it may be better to switch the compressor power directly to the turbine rotational power. That is, a compact and efficient system is configured by turning on / off the clutches or the like with the same rotating shaft of the expansion type power generation turbine, the compression type power generation turbine, and the compressor. In addition, SRM is used for heat source moving power and compressor power for heat exchange.
High efficiency motors such as (switch and reluctant motors) can be used.

Extremely small-sized clean energy generators for generating electricity and heat energy are, for example, a small-sized high-performance turbine, This can be achieved even by installing an air-operated motor or the like and making a slight circuit modification of the condensate separation.

These are utilized as a new system for supplying home electric power and heating / cooling. Further, it is possible to provide a heating device having a very large energy saving effect as a heater, particularly various heaters requiring a large amount of heat, a hot spring and the like.

On the other hand, if a large-sized clean energy generator is developed, it can be used for local electric power and heating and cooling by a combination of the electric power and the heat energy.
Furthermore, unlike solar cells, solar radiation heat is not used directly, so energy can be supplied regardless of whether it is cloudy or night. That is, by supplying solar energy to the atmosphere, seawater, lakes and marshes, infinite electric energy can be generated without interruption.

This device becomes a complete clean energy supply system by using a solar cell, a wind power generator, or the like for the power of the compressor, and provides an effective means for preventing global warming. Further, once power generation starts, the compressor is operated using a part of the self-generated energy, and as long as there is a circulating supply of heat energy from a heat source, it is possible to generate electric power energy.

As for the power generator 5, power generation by a steam turbine system or other methods is also effective. In particular, the operating efficiency of the turbine by the heat medium vapor greatly affects the energy creation of the present invention.

As for the compressor, a scroll type or a piston type is used in the case of a small system, but a screw type or turbo type compressor can be adopted in a medium / large system.

As the heat exchanger, a thin heat-dissipating metal fold heat exchanger excellent in heat collection and heat radiation effects adapted to atmospheric heat can be used. When using water heat, a conventionally known heat exchanger for water cooling can be used, or an improved device can be used. When utilizing the heat of earth and sand, rocks, etc., heat can be absorbed via a primary heat exchange system that transmits heat to a liquid such as water by piping the pipes.

As the constituent members of the apparatus, conventionally known ones can be used. Further, various advanced materials which are suitable for the material and which can be mass-produced can be used.

As the advanced composite material, aramid fiber or high-performance glass fiber can be used as a base material in addition to carbon fiber resin composite material or carbon fiber / carbon composite material. Parts that are effective in using advanced materials include compressor cylinders, shafts, pistons, turbine parts, pipes, etc., as well as rotating springs and shafts of generators, frames, and pipe frames of heat exchangers.

As an example in which the combined power generation method of the present invention is specifically used, a home heating / cooling / electric power supply device will be described in detail.

Conventionally, a commercial energy supply device for home use is a solar cell power generation device or a solar water heater. A solar cell power generation device is a device that generates electric power using a silicon semiconductor. The solar energy used is limited to light energy and uses only a part of the solar energy originally possessed.
It is about 8%.

Old-type water heaters that produce hot water using solar radiation heat do not utilize solar energy.

The domestic hot / cold heat / electricity supply device using the combined power generation device of the present invention supplies power with solar energy, operates a compressor, and further supplies hot water heated with solar heat radiation energy by a heat pump device. Since the hot water is heated, high-temperature hot water having a higher utility value than the conventional device can be efficiently generated. Further, electric power and cold heat can be extracted from the power generation system. That is, according to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to supply hot and cold water and electric power that can be effectively used at a desired ratio.

When the kinetic energy of the wind is used as a power source for the initial power of the apparatus of the present invention, atmospheric heat energy caused by the wind three to eight times that of the wind can be taken out as thermal energy, and further generated from the kinetic energy of the wind. It is possible to generate electric energy converted from heat energy that exceeds the electric energy that can be generated.

[0039]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

[Example 1] At an atmospheric temperature of 20 ° C and using a carbon dioxide heat medium, the power consumption of the compressor was 4 KW,
A combined power generation system as shown in FIG. 1 having heat medium steam generators 6 and 2 having a heat exchange function capable of outputting 50 K of heated air at an output of 20 KW (5 times the input) was formed.

Using this system, the compressor 1 was operated by purchasing power from a 200 V power supply, the turbine of the generator was operated without taking out power, and the heat pump cycle system was preliminarily operated until a steady state was reached. .

At this time, the heat output of the heat exchanger 3 was about 9.2 KW with respect to the power input of 2 KW to the compressor 2.

Next, when the operation was continued while taking out the electric power from the generator 6 and the generator 2, the power generation energy of the generator 6 was 3.0 KW for the compressor compression power of 4.3 KW, and the power generation energy of the generator 2 was 1.0KW
As a result, a total of 4.0 KW of power can be obtained. At this time, 15 KW of 50 ° C. heat was extracted from the heat exchanger 3.

The electric power extracted by the generators 6 and 2 is used by adjusting the voltage frequency by an inverter and using the electric power as a compressor power together with the electric power purchase. It is possible to perform a steady operation while obtaining heat of 50 ° C. from the vessel 3 at an output of 15 KW (thermal efficiency COP = 18). From this, it can be seen that the use of the system device of the present invention makes it possible to extremely effectively generate energy-efficient heat.

Example 2 In the combined power generation device of Example 1, a part of the heat output from the heat exchanger 3 was taken out and connected to an additional power generation system as shown in FIG. 2 to obtain a heat source for power generation. This power generation system formed a Rankine cycle using a heat medium as a mixed medium of water and ammonia.

Thus, the heat exchanger 7 of FIG.
Was set to use 12 KW of heat, and an additional system for cooling with cooling water of 20 ° C. was operated. As a result, it was possible to generate power of about 1 KW.

This power is used as compressor power by adjusting the voltage frequency with an inverter, and is used while being used in combination with the power generated in the first embodiment. From 50
C. Heat output of 5 KW was obtained and steady operation became possible. Further, it was confirmed that cold heat could be taken out from the generator 6 as needed.

[0048]

According to the combined power generation system and apparatus of the present invention configured as described above, thermal energy of an appropriate temperature can be supplied regardless of the place of use, regardless of the place where the energy and the effective thermal energy are used. From a heat source having If the system of the present invention is used as a hybrid system where a large amount of solar heat energy or wind energy can be obtained, even in a severe environment, a large amount of energy required for human activities such as air conditioning and heating can be easily supplied. Further, since no pollutant is generated when these energy is generated, it is extremely effective in protecting the global environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a basic system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an additional system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Compression type power generation 3 Heat exchanger 4 Heat medium storage tank 5 Evaporation heat exchanger 6 Expansion type power generation turbine 7 Heat exchanger 8 Gas-liquid separation tank 9 Power generation turbine 10 Cooling condenser 11 Intermediate liquid extraction tank

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission Date] March 14, 2000 (200.3.1)
4)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All figures

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

FIG. 2

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A step (A) of vaporizing a compressed gas heat medium vaporized at a temperature equal to or lower than the temperature of a substance heat source through a heat exchanger to contact the heat source, and a step (B) of adiabatically expanding the vaporized heat medium. And a step (C) of adiabatically compressing the expanding gas or the gas-liquid mixture and heating and liquefying the substance to be heated through a heat exchanger different from the heat exchanger, thereby circulating and circulating the step (A). , The exergy change of the heat medium vaporization / adiabatic expansion in (B) and the compression liquefaction in step (C) are taken out as electric energy, and the cold heat of the low temperature heat medium in step (B) and the heat of step (C) are effective. A combined power generation system used as an energy resource. 2. The combined power generation system according to claim 1, and a low-temperature steam power generation system based on a carina cycle using a non-azeotropic heat medium or an improved cycle thereof, and thermal energy generated in step (C) of the system. Is a combined power generation system that uses the heat source of the system described below. 3. The combined power generation system according to claim 1, wherein 1) a high-performance low-temperature steam generator is installed immediately after the heat exchanger in steps (A) and (B) or a high-performance steam generator having a heat exchange function is provided. Providing a low-temperature steam generator, and 2) installing a high-performance compression-type steam generator and a heat exchanger immediately after the high-performance compressor in step (C) or providing a high-performance compression-type steam generator having a heat exchange function By,
A combined power generation system that can extract exergy changes that occur in each process as electric energy.