CN108603409A - The cone-type spiral gas turbine with homopolarity DC generators for the cooling of combination, heating, power, pressure, work(and water - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of cone index spiral carries out work(extraction or air cooling for gas expander.This cone index spiral can be used for gas compressor to increase the pressure and temperature of air.The compressor expanding machine forms single and simple structure, convenient for manufacture.Obtain the simple formula that the temperature by cone index spiral for the adiabatic expansion of air declines.Also show that the pressure of the isotherm compression for air compressed from outside to inside with air increases.It is effective for energy conversion to demonstrate spiral.It is improved by the geometry and technology that change faraday's monopolar D. C. dynamo.Many work have been done in terms of power conversion efficiency and high-tension electricity production.Identical electric generator structure can be used as acyclic dc electric machine.By control voltage, the speed of motor or generator is controlled.By control electric current, using or generate torsional forces also controlled.Homopolar generator and motor can be integrated easily with screw compressor and expanding machine.It is proposed using three kinds of applications that these are invented substantially.It is the solar energy by assembling or the thermal turbine by burn gas fuel offer power first.It is followed by a kind of to provide power for the cooling of water, the thermal pump of refrigeration and heating by electric power.Third is a kind of method making water desalination by solar power, and by solar tracking conical reflecting surface by solar ray collecting to salt water column, power is provided for screw compressor with Condensed low pressure steam using photovoltaic power.Firefly technologies provide the production of small-scale, local and simple multiple kinds of energy, and solar power is fed back to people when needed.

Description

There is homopolarity DC power generations for the cooling of combination, heating, power, pressure, work(and water The cone-type spiral gas turbine of machine

Cross reference to related applications

The application be included in submit on 2 2nd, 2016 it is entitled " for combination cooling, heating, power, pressure, work(and It discloses and requires in the U.S. Provisional Application of the cone-type spiral gas turbine of water " and assigned sequence number 62/290,393 The theme of its priority, the provisional application describe the invention that the present inventor makes.

Background technology

The world needs clean empty gas and water, food, energy and traffic, these are all that can obtain for owner And it is fair, rather than just for developed country.The key of these amenities generally supplied be meet have it is local and These technologies needed of the people in the place that the energy (such as solar energy and bottle gas) afforded is supported into Step.

Due to leading to the burning of global warming and the fossil fuel that sea level rise, we are faced with Global climate change. Burning coal causes air pollution.Underground water is exhausted rapidly.Global warming brings very hot, needs more air conditionings, and this Again using the fossil fuel for more making global warming.Transport needs expensive oil product, causes long-term particle contamination.

In order to alleviate energy shortage and climate change, we emphasize that three secondary focal points shift.The transfer of first secondary focal point is from energy Amount, which generates, arrives energy application.Energy production is a kind of for clean empty gas and water, the ultimate comfortable hand of food and transport Section.It is energy saving often to bring more comfortably.

The transfer of second secondary focal point is from electric power to heat.We directly can use heat to be heated for space and water, and And indirectly using generating cooling, water, culinary art, movement, and the then electric power of motional induction.Electric power is generated for illuminating, leading to Letter, calculating and electric transport.

Energy should be stored as the form used close to it by we：Thermal energy in heating bath is the pressure energy of gas-pressurized, For the electric energy in the refrigerant of condensation or the cold air of frozen matter and chemical cell.If small-sized and efficient turbine can With we should store chemical energy as fuel.

The transfer of third secondary focal point is that the local of energy generates, storage, converts and use.It is desirable that being distributed using grid inverse Turn the Edison application models of centralized production (Centralized Generation, CG) electric power.

We have invented the technologies for integrating Microturbine and miniature DC generators.We term it Firefly technologies, It is personal, but efficient as big power station.CG becomes unnecessary, and be used for the mobile collection of energy, storage, The personal energy (Personal Energy, PE) converted and used replaces.

PE brings complete cycle in the industrial revolution of four-stage instead of CG to us.First time revolution concentrates on greatly The work of type steam engine produces.Second revolution is utilized keeps the world electrical by the large-scale AC generators that steam engine drives Change.Calculating and the communication network in our whole world have been given in the third time revolution of microelectronic component.MEMS(Micro-Electronic- Mechanical Systems, microelectromechanical systems) the 4th revolution reversed first time and the second revolution of CG, give Our PE make all the things localization, miniaturization and individualized.

Firefly has 10 S：Clever (Smart), small (Small), simple (Simple), scalable (Scalable), Powerful (Strong), quiet (Silent), safety (Safe), storage (Stores) and modern times (Stylish).Firefly is provided Cooling, heating, power, pressure, work(and water (the acronym CCHP of combination²W²)。

Firefly can help impoverished nation to industrialize so that people do not have the place in power grid or the network of rivers can at them Production.The half people in the world live in the case of not reliable electric power or water service.

CCHP²W²Key be that the internal-combustion of solar energy or gaseous fuel by concentrating provides the efficient miniature of power Turbine.What is integrated with Microturbine is a kind of efficient miniature DC motor generators.

Let us investigates the history of Thermal Motor and generator.The Hero of preceding Alexandria in 2000 is invented First thermal turbine.The steam generated in the boiler is sprayed in opposite direction by nozzle, to make hinged boiler turn It is dynamic.Hero turbines are the treasures put on display in sub-rapid solidification.

(it is actually rotating device, such as pneumatic grinding mill or water by turbine between Hero and the first industrial revolution Grinding machine) obtain wind and water transport energy.Blade or blade hinder wind or flowing water, make turbine rotation to extract mechanical work.

In 1769, James Watt obtained the patent of the powerful and practical steam engine of First.Carry out spontaneous combustion Piston in the steam drive cylinder of the boiler of coal, to provide prodigious power for pumping water, Woven fabric and driving train.It steams The locomotive of vapour driving comes city with people.Manufacturing device is concentrated to be driven by steam engine.These Rankine recycle heating power Engine makes liquid boiling and is done work with generating pressure.

In 1816, pastor Stirling obtained the patent of Stirling engines.He pays close attention to the fatal of steam boiler Pressure.Stirling engines use two cylinders, and one is used to heat air, and another is used for cooling air.Expansion Air acting.These Carnot cycle heat engines are run at high temperature.

At 1830 or so, Michael Faraday invented monopole disc generator.From the magnetic pole for being clipped in C-shaped magnet Between rotating disk peripheral gauge electric current.Impaired eddy current flows in rotating disk.Although such as by Nikola Tesla The improvement done, but since efficiency and voltage are low, this generator has not been used to public utilities power generation.

In early 20th century, the innovation and creation of Edison and Tesla electric power enterprise.The steam engine of burning coal passes through The AC generators of Tesla generate electric power.Steam engine is big and inefficiency.They are very strong but very slow.In order to generate big electricity Stream, AC generators need big electromagnet.

Nikola Tesla have invented 3 phase generators of the mutual inducing current in stator and rotor coil.It is easy to carry out voltage Conversion makes it possible to effectively carry out high voltage power transmission on long range power grid, has the Ohmic power loss substantially reduced.Electricity Power enterprise replaces DC using AC.

Nikola Tesla also invented Tesla turbines.The turbine includes the stacking of the disk of tight spacing.Steam It is tangentially injected into outside turbine and is placed.Steam is between each disk towards the center stacked to inside spin.Steam passes through gas Sticky dragging plate.Tesla claims 90% isentropic efficiency of realization theory Carnot cycle efficienies, even if utilizing current technology It can not verify.

Since nineteen fifty, gas turbine and steam turbine so that electric power enterprise is more efficient.It is produced by burning coal Raw steam provides the steam turbine of power with about 40% efficiency.A large amount of water is needed to condense from steamturbine The low-pressure steam of machine.Combined cycle gas turbine (Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, CCGT) realize 60% with On efficiency.CCGT drives Brayton recyclegas turbines using natural gas.Hot air discharge generates steam with for Rankine Cyclic steam turbine provides power.

Since 21 century, the world faces the pollution from combustion of fossil fuels.Its climate change generated is threatening The existence of the mankind.However, most of populations are still poor by water, heat, cold air, food and the transport supplied in the world Thoroughly.CG makes the impoverished nation of shortage power infrastructures degenerate.However, the poor are by global warming, sea level rise and long-term Air pollution influence it is maximum.

More coals that burn be not to aid in people excessively on the answer comfortably lived.We cannot bear to establish expensive, dirty Energy collection, generation and the infrastructure of distribution of dye and waste.Natural gas and solar energy are that we are directed to the energy of PE selections. Both personal energy production and use can be largely used to.PE is efficient, clean, local, small-sized, useful, and And it is therefore beautiful.

In order to solve energy and environmental crisis, we must make energy production, storage, conversion and use individualized.We It will focus on the energy of the heat as us.Heat can come from solar heat, underground heat, or be transported in pipe natural gas and tank The burning of defeated propane.

Our target is to keep small gas turbines machine efficient as large-scale gas turbine, the cost per watts Only account for sub-fraction.We want the cogeneration of heat and power of the heat, cold gas and water and work(in addition to electric power.

It is desirable that finding permission gradually discharges gas pressure to generate the appropriate geometry of the open gas flow of work(.I Wish the kinetic energy for avoiding pressure from being converted into gas suddenly.

It is desirable that using modern magnet and solid electronic device again invention generator.We have discovered a kind of same The novel geometry of pole dc generator generates electric power.

Based on the invention of our Microturbine and microgenerator, we have proposed three kinds of applications.First, we retouch The thermal turbine of a kind of integrated spiral compressor, spiral expansion machine and our generator is stated.It is this to be referred to as Firefly The Thermal Motor of Electric generates work(and electric power.

The Microturbine can be used for driving car, and the electricity of its generation of power or indirect utilization is directly provided for power train Power provides power for power train.The turbine can be modified to the turbocharger for piston of automobile engine, use Tail pipe exhaust rotates spiral expansion machine, and then spiral expansion machine drives screw compressor to increase engine pressure.Firefly Electric can also be used for making unmanned plane during flying.It by solar energy and gas energy can be domestic power in suspension.

Second of application is by our motor drive come the thermal pump of the air screw compressor of compressed air.Compression Heat is for heating water.Compressed air when cooling releases water.Compressed air when expansion generates dry and cold air, for sky Controlled atmosphere section and refrigeration.

The third application is the water desalination system that solar energy provides power.We track the position of the sun, pass through cone Reflecting surface will be on solar ray collecting to cylindrical water tank.Solar energy makes brine boil under reduced pressure.Our spiral shell of Driven by Solar Energy Revolve compressor condensed steam.This desalination system has high efficiency, because the heat of compression and condensation heat are reused to evaporation more Brine.

Invention content

Cone index spiral is found to be the air-flow for the internal energy of pressurized hot gasses to be converted into kinergety Effective geometry.The temperature and pressure that we solve the adiabatic air-flow in outside spiral declines, and turbine is pushed to generate Kinergety.

When along opposite direction of rotation rotation, identical index spiral can be for gas compression, by kinergety It is converted into the effective geometry for the gas for pressurizeing and heating.We solve the spiral wall isothermal by the way that gas to be pushed to center The pressure gain of the gas of compression.

Faraday's monopolar D. C disk generator solves by improving and damages current cycle inside disk and low-voltage lures Question is inscribed.New dc generator uses a permanent magnet rings as rotor.Magnet ring magnetic pole (therefore, term having the same Homopolarity), with the induced current on the endless solenoid for serve as stator coil.Induced voltage is magnetic field intensity, the speed of rotor rim It spends, the product of the height of the number of turns and stator coil in stator coil.

Screw compressor and spiral expansion machine are integrated with generator and motor and are applied for three kinds by we.

The first application is the thermal turbine that solar energy or the gas combustion heat can be converted to work(and electric power.This heat Power turbine and motor can drive vehicle, such as car, bus, truck, train and baby plane.It can also For for domestic power and heating.

Second of application is by motor offer power so that humid air to be compressed to the heating power of higher temperature and pressure Pump.Compressed air is cooled at room temperature to remove heat and moisture, generates the drinking water of hot water and condensate moisture.It is cooling and dry Dry compressed air can be expanded in spiral expansion machine to generate work(and cold air for air conditioning.

The third application is solar energy water desalination system.Sunlight focusing from solar tracking conical surface adds brine Heat when less than 100 DEG C to boiling under reduced pressure.It will be at the head of the water column of heating by screw compressor using solar energy Low-pressure steam compression.The steam of condensation elevated pressures exchanges its heat of compression and condensation heat, further to heat salt water column, generates More low-pressure steams are used for more drinking water.Drinking water is collected at the bottom below the salt water column of evaporation.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows cone index spiral；

Fig. 2 shows gas temperature suppression ratio T/T₀It is recycled with radius r and Brayton；

Fig. 3 shows gas compression ratio p₀/ p is recycled with radius r and Hui；

Fig. 4 shows the geometry of direct-current acyclic generator and motor；

Fig. 5 show turbine and generator cross section (center) vertical view and expanding machine (top helical disk) and The horizontal cross-sectional view of compressor (bottom helical disk).

Fig. 6 shows the viewgraph of cross-section of the thermal pump for heating water and air adjusting；

Fig. 7 shows that the solar energy using screw compressor provides the viewgraph of cross-section of the desalination system of power；

Fig. 8 is shown the conical mirror on solar ray collecting to water column at focal line；

Fig. 9 show it is in an open position (when spiral near together when, top image) and closed position (work as spiral Separate it is farthest when, bottom image) scroll compressor；Air pocket is between each spiral.

Specific implementation mode

Cone index spiral

The traditional approach of compression or expanding gas mainly uses two devices：Piston or fan blade.Gas is closed in With compression or expanding gas in cylinder with moveable piston.Gas can also be hit by high speed rotational blade to assign gas Kinetic energy collects gas kinetic energy.

Our 3D printings turbine is to find out the geometry appropriate of helical airflow passages.We change spiral ruler Very little and shape.We have attempted the Archimedes spirals that radius is r=α θ+b, and the radius linearly increases with steering angle θ Add.Show that Archimedes spirals are less suitable with gas-pressurized test.

Index spiral, the Bernoulli spirals also referred to as named with its inventor has also been attempted in we.Radius of spin r= ae^bθAs angle, θ exponentially increases.Long and narrow index spiral of our 3D printings with multi-turn.It is rotated well, but is produced The torque of raw very little.By keeping the index helical of short length as shown in Figure 1 tapered, significant torque is generated.

Often occur index spiral, such as shell and plant in nature.Fluid dynamics lead to hurricane exponentially spiral shell Revolve shape.The star arm of galaxy is index spiral.Index spiral is caused by growth physics.Growth is often the sum of self-generating Self similarity.

Index spiral is self similarity：When we amplify the center of spiral, spiral looks like.Rotation Bernoulli spirals are not in vision contraction or expansion.

Caused by this self-similarity is the critical nature by Bernoulli helicals：Tangent to helix is formed with the radius of spin Constant angle.The gas flowed in Bernoulli spirals is with constant angular extrusion spiral wall.On the contrary, Archimedes Angular extrusion spiral wall of the spiral to reduce.

Hawk surrounds and flies to prey in a similar way.Eyes are fixed on prey by hawk.Hawk is towards at the sight of prey In fixed angle.Hawk rotates with hawk at a distance from prey and logarithmically reduces.This logatithmic spiral is the reversion of index helical.

Index helical has radius r=ae^bθ, wherein θ is the polar angle indicated with radian.Logatithmic spiral has For the transformation of variable from θ to r, we will use relationshipTangent to helix forms constant angle with radius DegreeBy r=a, helix length is

Fig. 1 shows the spiral with outer wall, is index spiral.Width between outer wall and inner wall is shown as boring Shape.Helical duct width exponentially reduces with angle, θ.We will show that this taper is to maintain gas pressure without adding rapidly The key of fast gas.

The temperature change of the adiabatic expansion of gas in cone-type spiral

A simple solution is we illustrated, because gas is adiabatic expansion (meaning in cone index spiral It and surrounding does not have heat exchange).This simple solution is the key that we invent.We can be referred to by theoretical proof taper The effect of number spiral.The close solution of the gas temperature of modern wind turbine seriously lacks.

In early stage, we drive the long spire of narrow constant width using forced air experiment.Turbine quickly rotates, but Generate small torque.Torque force is important work(generation.

Torque is generated by pressure.In order to keep preferably controlling pressure release, it is contemplated that changing hole area A= Wd, width w are multiplied by the depth d of spiral.Due to as by its internal pressure gradient indicated by Navier-Stokes equations, gas Accelerate.Taper prevents gas from accelerating due to contraction of gas.We will show that this taper slows down pressure release.

Cone-type spiral allows explosion gas to apply the torque of bigger on outer spiral wall, is longer than inner wall.In addition to larger Outside surface area, the external spiral wall also has the radius bigger than inside spin wall.The larger surface area of external spiral wall and wall half Diameter with produce the torsional forces being compared to the opposite torque bigger on inside spin wall.

There are two main energy components for the gas tool of the high pressure and heat that are moved in spiral.First component is due to heat Caused gas interior ability is the irregular movement of gas molecule.

Second component is gas kinetic energy, is the system speed of gas.At the center for the spiral that high pressure gas is heated Place, gas interior thermal energy are high.Gas velocity is low.

The design of most of Microturbines releases immediately gas pressure using nozzle, and the internal energy of gas is instantaneous It is converted into kinetic energy.Gas cools down rapidly.After nozzle, high-speed gas quickly becomes turbulent flow.High-speed gas makes turbine blade At impact, the torque force of very little is generated.Most of kinetic energy of gas is converted back to heat, rather than work(.

We make great efforts not reduce gas pressure suddenly.We are using the pressure with the high-temperature gas for keeping pressure in whirlpool Significant torque force is generated under the relatively low angular speed of turbine.The turbine of nozzle driving only provides faint torque, and needs height Speed rotation turbine.

Gas kinetic energy only plays the part of a bit part in the energy conversion of our turbines, as Bernoulli laws solve As releasing.Bernoulli law states gas energy density includes two components.One-component is pressure, is had single Energy unit in the volume of position.Pressure is the internal heat energy metric density of gas.According to perfect gas law, pressure

Second component is kinetic energy densityWherein ρ is the mass density of gas and v is its speed.By preventing Unexpected pressure release and gas accelerate, this component is maintained at minimum level by us.

The sum of the two components of Bernoulli law statesIt is constant.For our turbine, we Keep its pressure high, that is, is maintained at 10bar or a Megapascal.For gas density ρ~1kg/m³And it is mobile in v= In the high speed of 100m/s, gas kinetic energy densityIf suddenly by 10 bars Pressure is discharged to 1 bar, and gas velocity can reach supersonic speed, more than 1000m/s.

In our design, we prefer the depth of taper processing helical duct, rather than width.Fig. 5 is shown Expanding machine at the top of turbine, in cone.We reduce hole area A=by reducing depth d and keeping the width w constant Wd, as shown in the sectional view of the expanding machine.

It is contemplated that the torque by acting on the generation of the pressure on turbine wall.Torque is that pressure p is multiplied by spiral wall areaThe leverage r cos α of torque are multiplied by, whereinNet torque be the bigger on channel outer wall torque force with The difference between torque force on its inner wall.We assume that having constant pressure on the relatively narrow width of spiral.

Net torque between torque outer wall and inner wall is

For the turbine rotated with angular velocity omega, which generates differential power：

The derivation make it is assumed hereinafter that.We have ignored the viscosity of gas kinetic energy and gas flowing.We assume that pressure quilt Consumption is work(rather than for accelerating gas.It is also assumed that the pressure and speed of the radial width both ends gas in thin helical duct It spends constant.

We consider the power flow of the gas in spiral now.Consider the pressure energy component P of air-flow_f.By with speed u The pressure power flow of the area A of the gas of flowing is P_f=Aup.

Pass through the conservation of energy, power loss P_fIt is the power gain of turbine.Therefore

Quality stream conservation means constant Au ρ.It is obtained with Au ρ divided by above-mentioned equation

Use relationshipThe change of variable of slave θ to r obtain：

From perfect gas law pV=nRT, Wo Menyou

Molal weight m_wIt is the weight of a moles of gas.Therefore p/ ρ measure the temperature T of gas.

By these replacements, we obtain the very simple differential equation

This equation depends on the property of the gas used.First item is the heat-energy losses of the gas at radius both ends.Section 2 It is the work(gain of turbine.

We assume that air-flow is adiabatic, it is meant that constant TV γ^-1.Gas flowing speed on gas volume V and area A The Au for spending u is proportional.Therefore T (Au) γ^-1=T₀(A₀u₀)^γ-1, obtain

We utilize the depth of constant w and variationThe radius r in selection A=wd, depth and channel is linear Taper.For r=r₀, pay attention to d=d₀.Since the radius and length of helical duct exponentially increase with angle, θ, so channel is deep D is spent with passage lengthExponentially reduce.

Using the channel geometries, we obtain the differential equation

Work as r=r₀When, primary condition T=T₀.The solution of the differential equation is

Fig. 3 is the temperature T/T by turbine₀Decline and is used for ratioFor 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1.0 radius r₀ =1cm≤r≤r₁The curve graph of=4cm.We select r₀=1cm, d₀=2cm, maximum radius of spin r₁=4cm, c=0.2, w =0.3cm and γ=1.4.

Efficiency isHigh-temperature T after wherein burning_H=T₀And low gas discharge temperature T_L.When, efficiency is up to 60%.At ω=377rad/s (60Hz), u₀=377cm/s plays wind velocity and (is less than per hour 15 kms).Gas is cooled to 400K (127 DEG C) from 1000K.

The pressure change of the isotherm compression of gas in index spiral

In front part we to the isotherm compression of gas rather than adiabatic expansion repeats above-mentioned analysis.This analysis is for reason The performance of solution thermal pump is vital, and constant temperature process improves the formation efficiency of heat or cold.

Thermal energy can exchange between working gas and environment.For constant temperature process, for constant gas temperature T, gas The internal energy of body does not change Q_gas=α nRT.For air, α=2.5 are the degree of freedom (i.e. 5) divided by 2. of gas molecule

For the constant temperature process of constant T, in the difference equation of adiabatic processFirst item The work(done is the heat being transmitted in environment.For constant temperature process, heat, which is transmitted, is The difference equation of Isothermal gas dynamics can be reduced to：

It is constant for constant T, pV=nRT for constant temperature process.Speed u meets the following conditions：For specified value A₀、u₀、p₀, Aup=A₀u₀p₀It is constant.The above-mentioned differential equation becomes：

Using similar taper factor c, the above-mentioned differential equation is solved, we obtain pressure ratio：

Fig. 3 depicts the pressure ratio for isotherm compression, for ratio0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25, r exists r₀=2cm≤r≤r₁Within the scope of=16cm.We select taper factor c=0.025 (d₀=4.5cm >=d >=d₁=3cm), and And width is w=1cm.

Unknown velocity of discharge u₀By pressure (the i.e. p of both helical ends₀And p₁) determine.For what is givenSpeed u₀It will It is adjusted to the solution of above equation.

Pressure linearly increases with angular velocity omega and compressor radius.When the air-flow to smaller size smaller completes identical work( When, it compresses with flowing velocity u₀Slow down and increases.

Pass through the flow equation A of isotherm compression₀u₀p₀The conservation of=Aup, by flowing velocity u₀With edge flowing speed u₁It closes Connection.It willSubstitute into pressure ratio equation：

For c=0, isotherm compression makes speed be reduced toBy increase ω or Person radius r makes the air-flow towards center slow down.Pressure increases as air-flow slows down.

The hole of taper can increase compression ratio.Realize that another method of high compression ratio is the compressed air in multistage.Spiral shell Printing manufacture can be added by 3D by revolving the at different levels of compressor.For high-efficiency thermal force engine, need be more than 20 high compression Than.

Air conditioning and solar energy desalination can use as low as 2 compression ratio, for the compression ratio, our helical compression Machine can be effective, without helicon or use multiple spiral stages.

Novel unipolar alternate generator and motor

Heat pump utilizes acting by heat from low temperature shift to high temperature.Power can be provided by motor.Thermal transition is work(by heat engine. Power can be changed into electric power by generator.We set about redesigning generator and motor.As Edison, Tesla and Pioneer as Steinmetz is defeated by available technology at that time.We can utilize modern technologies preferably heavy now New design generator, keeps its small-sized and efficient.

First generator was demonstrated by Michael Faraday in 1831.Faraday homopolarity DC generator efficiencies are low Under.Three problems of our Faraday generators noted herein.The geometric dimension of the invention of Faraday also has deficiency.

First problem is a lack of powerful permanent magnet.Lack powerful permanent magnet, Faraday and Henry have to make With big electromagnet come induction power.Second Problem is a lack of high speed Thermal Motor, such as modern gas turbine.Magnet It powerful must could convert the slow but big torque of steam engine.Third problem is a lack of the number for voltage and current The solid electronic device of word and solid-state control.It is pretty troublesome by the control of the voltage of induction coil and transformer.

Modern technologies solve the problems, such as these.Rare-earth magnet generates powerful magnetic field.High speed turbine is sent out than piston steam Motivation runs faster.Solid-state high-power electronic device provides the flexible control to voltage and current.We invent again It is integrated with the monopolar D. C. dynamo of our turbine.The generator of this generator ratio Faraday or Tesla is simpler but work( Rate and voltage higher.Brush or commutator are not needed.It is efficient, it is not vortexed and magnetic hysteresis loss.

We use a part of the new direct current DC generators as Firefly technologies.It is considered that DC shines LED Bright, electric vehicle and battery charge ratio AC are more useful.Digital control and solid electronic device can easily change direct current at any time Voltage and current.It is not necessary to direct current is converted into alternating current, such as the solar panel of power grid connection sends out solar energy The direct current of electricity is converted to the direct current needed for power grid alternating current.

The space tether that we were carried out by 1996 on space shuttle is tested to explain our generator.One 2 public The metal core rope of borough chief flies to eastwards space shuttle on low equatorial orbit on farther moonlet.In polytetrafluorethylecoatings coatings system Before current leakage to ionosphere occurs for chain, the electric current of generation is 1A, melts tethers and satellite is caused to lose.

The north is directed toward in the magnetic field of about 25 micro- tesla of equator on the earth, and rope is passed through with the orbital velocity of 10km/s.Electronics Space shuttle is flowed into, ionosphere thereunto is then leaked.The voltage of generation is V=E.d=| v | | B | d=10,000m/s × 0.000025T × 2000m=5000 volts.Tether disconnects, and the voltage relative to satellite end is 3500 volts, closer to shuttle end. 3500 volts of high voltage passes through Teflon barrier, electronics to jump over ionosphere, and surrounding is further dissipated into space shuttle Ionosphere.

The experiment of space tethers can also be a motor, by driving current through stiff rope, space flight be pushed to fly Machine enters higher track, generates electric power and space shuttle is pushed to advance.This push forward can arrive space shuttle promotion Higher track.Compared with generator, motor may need shorter and harder push rod, higher electric current and multiple bars. Closing of circuit needs 8 line of number between two parallel boom ends.

Our monopolar D. C. dynamo has similar geometry.It is considered that ground of the space shuttle relative to rotation Ball is static, i.e., the earth is rotor and space shuttle becomes stator.We are directed toward spinning disk axially below using the South Pole Magnet.The magnetic field of rotation generates electric field on the stator line being placed below disk magnet.We are returned to electric current by winding To next circuit of stator conductor, rather than the long stator conducting wire for passing through current reflux.We can using entire track as One endless solenoid, using entire magnetic field.

New single-pole generator is as shown in Figure 4.We describe our generator with two analogies.The upper figure of Fig. 4 is Analogy based on faraday's monopolar D. C. dynamo.The base map of Fig. 4 is the analogy tested based on space tethers.Magnet rotor is similar to The earth of rotation.Stator coil is similar to the spatial tether in belt current circuit.

There are one the rotating circular disks moved in disk perimeter with peripheral speed v for Faraday's homopolarity disk generator.Periphery Pass through the single magnetic gap that intensity is B.Cause radial electric field E=v × B, electric current is made to flow to periphery from disk center.

The electric current of generation is collected by the brush of disk perimeter.The electric current being collected into is returned to by external circuit in disk The heart, with to electric power supplies such as ohmic heaters.

Ours is similar to Faraday's new geometry as shown in the top graph of Fig. 4.We are justified using a permanent magnet Cylinder is the South Pole on the inside of cylinder there are one the arctic on the outer surface of cylinder.The cylindrical of permanent magnet is at generator Rotor.

Our geometry is different from Faraday's geometry.Our rotor is a circular magnet.Faraday rotor is The metal dish rotated between magnetic pole.The disk around magnetic pole is flowed through, is caused damages.

Our stator is an outer shell concentric with rotor.Air gap very little between stator and rotor, about 1 milli Rice.As radial magnetic field B is moved with speed v with upward electric field of inducting, electric field E=v is generated along the length of stator cylinder ×B.The both ends of metal stator cylinder include the electrode of opposite charges.

Voltage is the scalar product of electric field E and cylinder length vector d.If the depth of magnet rotor cylinder is d=| d |, that The voltage generated is V=E.d=| v | | B | d.

It is run as generator, it is P that this cylindrical monopolar D. C. dynamo, which generates the electric power that electric current I. is generated,_E=IV =I | v | | B | d.

Because electric current I generates electric power by the mechanical output that magnetic force consumes.According to Ampere's law, distance d is flowed through in the B of magnetic field Electric current I caused by power F be F=I | B | d ignores edge effect.This power, which acts on, resists the machine power that turbine generates.

This magnetic force and mechanical work acting, P_M=F | v |=I | B | d | v |=IV=PE is converted to electric power P_E.Energy is protected It stays, it is completely the same with the electric energy that is generated from the mechanical energy of consumption.

Our generator is in the cylinder without consumption current loop, because unique return path of electric current is in stator cylinder It is external.

We can increase voltage by being connected in series with voltage, rather than limit the cylinder V=E.d=of voltage | v | | B|d.A kind of method as shown in Figure 4 is the stator solenoid for using n to enclose rather than stator cylinder.Induced electricity in electromagnet Pressure is V=n now | | E.d | |=n | v | | B | d.

Another configuration for the generator tested similar to space tether is shown in the bottom of Fig. 4.Stator solenoid quilt It is placed on under the magnet rotor cylinder along the magnetic axis of cylinder axis.Another stator solenoid can also be placed on magnetic and turn Sub- top.Electromagnetic coil can be used as independent voltage source to work, and can also be serially connected in double voltage.Stator and rotor it Between induction force can be used as magnetic force resist gravity make rotor suspension.

As an example, consider that the Hui turbines of radius r=16cm are rotated in f=100Hz.The magnetic field of rare-earth magnet Intensity is B=1T, and magnet height is d=1cm.Stator winding has n=100 circles.Electric field strength is | E |=| v × B |=2 π rf × 1T=100.5V/m.Induced voltage is V=n | E | d=100.5V.The power of generator is P=IV, wherein being drawn by external circuit The electric current I taken generates countertorque to the torsional forces of turbine.

This Hui generator can also be used as Hui motors.According to Ampere's law, due to electric current I flowed through in the B of magnetic field away from Power F from d is F=I | B | d has ignored edge effect.When rotor does not rotate, electric field is not present for zero velocity vector v=0 E=v × B.

In order to make Hui generators as Hui motor operations, the current controller to I is needed to apply F=I | B | the power of d.Electricity Terminal voltage V of the stream controller fixed current but regardless of motor.At higher speeds, induction field becomes strong, generates the sense of bigger Answer voltage V.

Current controller determines that electric power P=IV is converted into the rate of mechanical output.Modern solid-state electronics provides effective electricity Stream and voltage control, to promote torque production and speed to maintain.

Hui motors have many advantages.Torque and speed control are very simple.We can reach the efficiency close to 100%.Sense Motor is answered to lose 10% or more energy because of vortex and magnetic hysteresis.Our motor is not vortexed.We are without using weight and damage Magnetic core.Our novel geometry can make motor become smaller.Our direct current generator can directly use DC power supply, such as chemistry Battery, ultracapacitor, solar panel or our dc generator.We avoid damaging round-trip DC to AC conversions.

The first application of cone-type spiral turbine：Gas turbine with homopolar generator

Our thermal turbine converts heat to work(using Brayton thermodynamic cycles.It is shown in the bottom of Fig. 2 The pressure and volume curve figure of Brayton cycles.Brayton cycles include four-stage：The thermal insulation of air and isentropic Compression 1 → 2, the equipressure heat of gas is added and expansion 2 → 3, the gas after the thermal insulation and constant entropy expansion 3 → 4 of gas and turbine Equipressure cooling 4 → 1.

Following analysis Brayton cycle heat engine efficiency.Consider Brayton cycle in gas temperature T and Pressure p.The pV that the adiabatic compression (1 → 2) of gas is kept constant^γAnd TV^γ-1.For diatomic gas, adiabatic coefficent be γ= 1.4.At a temperature of letting it is assumed that pressure and the 300K (27 DEG C) that air and fuel are in 1 bar.Adiabatic Compression Volume is multiplied by 8 times 18.38 bars are pressure is increased to, and temperature is increased to 689.2K (343.3 DEG C).

When fuel-air mixture burns under a constant, the combustion heat makes the volume of the mixture of burning increase, with It volume expansion and provides work(.After isobaric expansion, the air of burning declines and further swollen with pressure towards spiral outlet It is swollen, it is opposite with the adiabatic compression of fuel-air mixture.Work(is further provided by the adiabatic expansion of gas in spiral.

Work(W is the area in the pressure and volume diagram of Brayton cycles.For adiabatic expansion, pV^γIt is constant.Pressure P_LAnd P_HLow pressure before being compressor and high pressure later.Volume V_LAnd V_HLow pressure volume before being compressor and later High-pressure volume.Brayton recycles work done

Constant C, C ' depend on the primary condition of gas volume.For each cycle, renormalization is carried out by combustion heat Q, The efficiency of the Brayton cycle heat engines is

Two steps that Brayton circulates in cycle have constant pressure (equipressure), are pressure P_LAnd P_H.Efficiency depends on Pressure ratioOr compression ratioCarnot Thermal Motors efficiency byIt provides, depends on low temperature and high temperature

If we assume that the volume compression for passing through compressor is 8, then according to constant pV^γ, 18.38 times of pressure increase. Brayton cycle efficienies are

The embodiment of Hui Thermal Motors is shown in Fig. 5.The bottom of Thermal Motor is compressor cylinder.It can be with The optional compressor used is Archimedes scroll compressors shown in Fig. 9.Top is expanding machine cone, with constant The spiral of width, the spiral have taper depth.Compressed air is from the bottom that the top center of compressor flows to expanding machine The heart.Fuel flows through tubule from the bottom centre of compressor, is lighted in the central burner chamber of expanding machine.Sky after expanding combustion The pressure of gas makes single compressor-expander component rotate, and provides motive power.Electric power is produced by the homopolar generator of component bottom It is raw.

Second of application of cone-type spiral turbine：Motor-driven thermal pump/the dehumidifiers of DC

Thermal pump and refrigerator are usually using refrigerant, such as hydrofluorocarbon (HFC).Heat is pumped by compression HFC gases In the HFC of pressurization, the HFC of the pressurization liquefies while cooling.Evaporation liquid HFC removes heat from environment under reduced pressure. The liquefaction-vaporization cycle constitutes Rankine cycle thermal pump process.However, if refrigerant (such as HFC) is discharged into the atmosphere, It is effective global warming gases.The heat ratio carbon dioxide of HFC captures is 1000 times more.It is reached an agreement on according to nearest Kigali, HFC is replaced rapidly in arrangement.

The optional air conditioning method of aircraft utilization, the optional air conditioning method are alternatively followed using Brayton Ring thermal pump process.Air is discharged from the compressor of jet engine.The slight decrease of air pressure is quickly cooled down the sky of discharge Gas.Cold air from engine room ventilation mouth is typically to have mist.Mist evaporates and further cooling air with mist.It is wet when compression Air hazes and mist formation.If we cool down the humid air of compression, we can remove the moisture in air, and generate water To consume.Moisture in condensation air can also drive away the heat of evaporation of water in air.

This observation has been inspired generates cold air and water condensate using Hui screw compressors.It is dynamic that we solve heat release herein Mechanical advantage.We introduce a kind of new thermokinetics thermal pump process herein, we are named as shown in the bottoms Fig. 3 Hui cycle.Hui cycles merge two thermodynamic cycles：With the Carnot of isothermal stage and adiabatic stage cycle and It is recycled with the Brayton of isobaric stage and adiabatic stage.We replace adiabatic process that Brayton is recycled with constant temperature process. Isotherm compression reduces the amount of required work(.Isothermal expansion increases the work(generated using the amount of heat from environment.

Hui cycles need the compressor and expanding machine with embedded heat exchanger.Heat exchange can by helical duct it Between surrounding air flowing realize.Each stage of Hui cycles is shown in Fig. 3.There are three temperature：Environment temperature T_a, carry Take the high-temperature T of heat_H, and generate the low temperature T of cold air_L。

Stage 1 → 2 is gas in T_HWhen the isotherm compression stage, need work done during compression W_c=nRT_Hlnp_H/p_L, wherein p_H, p_L It is the high pressure and low-pressure in isobaric stage.In the case where not increasing the temperature of gas, which is changed completely into dissipation Compression heat Q_c。

2 → 2a of stage is gas from high T_HTo environment T_aEquipressure it is cooling.Stage 2a → 3 are gas from environment T_aTo low T_L It is further isobaric cooling.

Stage 3 → 4 is gas in low T_LWhen the isothermal expansion stage, pass through the heat Q of absorption_eGenerate expansion work W_e, wherein Q_e=W_e=nRT_Llnp_H/p_L。

4 → 4b of stage is gas from low T_LTo environment T_aIsobaric heating.Stage 4b → 1 is gas from environment T_aTo high T_H Further isobaric heating.

We reuse heat using contraflow heat exchanger.For 2 → 2a of stage, the heat of releasing is just by the stage 4b → 1 absorbs.For stage 2a → 3, the heat sent out is just absorbed by 4 → 4b of stage.

We summarize the performance of heating and freezing as follows.Heating properties coefficient COP_hIt is generated heat Q_hDivided by institute The net work W done_net=W_c-W_e.Therefore

Cooling performance coefficient COP_cIt is the cold air Q generated by isothermal expansion_eDivided by the net work W done_net=W_c-W_e.Therefore

Consider water from T_a=27 DEG C (300K) are heated to T_H=77 DEG C (350K) and air are from T_a=27 DEG C (300K) is cooling To 7 DEG C (280K).We obtainWith

I once asked to compress refrigerant why, such as consumption ozone or the CFC or HFC that are detained heat, without It is direct compressed air.The ideal heating power efficiency of pump may be implemented in Hui cycles.Work(is regained from the gas of expansion.On the contrary, Evaporated refrigerant does not generate work(.I guesses that preferred liquefaction is that we do better in terms of the liquefaction of highly effective refrigeration agent.Using having Effect and compact helical turbines, we can effectively compressed air, avoid using refrigerant.

It is preferred that compression humid air condenses the moisture in air when removing the heat of compression.Condensation heat is disperseed.Traditional Air conditioning needs the cold air generated using the evaporation by refrigerant gas to remove moisture and its condensation heat.For identical Air themperature declines, and dehumidified air increases the live load of air conditioner.City outside building height is located at for condenser Layer building, condensed moisture usually make drips on human body, stimulation are brought to pedestrian.We are by the way that condensed moisture to be included in In closed condenser, such stimulation is eliminated.Collected moisture can be emptied by pipe or is collected for people and plant Consumption.

It evaporates water and applies steam pressure, the steam pressure is only dependent upon temperature.The steam pressure is applied by humid air Pressure a part.Each component gas of air applies the steam pressure of its own.Constituent of air includes oxygen (19 bodies Product %), nitrogen (80%), argon gas (1%) and water (according to the percentage of moisture level), atmospheric pressure be the steaming of various constituent of air The summation of steam pressure, total steam pressure is about 1 bar of sea level.

The humidity of air is defined as the water content in air divided by the water content in 100% humid air.Dew point is defined To be cooled to temperature when water starts the point of condensation in 100% humid air when air.Dew point is identical with air themperature, has 100% humidity.

For example, 100% humid air at 25 DEG C and 14 DEG C contains 2 grams of water and 1 gram respectively for 100 grams of air Water.Therefore, the dew point of 50% humid air at 25 DEG C is 14 DEG C.

If we make the pressure of 100% humid air at 25 DEG C double, what can occur for air moistureInitially, institute There is the steam pressure of constituent of air to double.Humid air by compressing heating is cooled back to 25 DEG C.Only due to water vapor pressure Depending on temperature, so while compression and increased water vapor pressure leads to water condensation.The air-steam of half will have to It condenses to be restored to steam pressure identical with the water at 25 DEG C.

For damp atmosphere, if volume of air is compressed 2 to 3 times by us, the most of moisture in air can be cold It is solidifying to come out.The condensation discharges a large amount of condensation heat.Consider the pressure of 80% humid air at 25 DEG C increasing by 2 times.The air has There are 1.6 grams of water/100 gram humid air.Increase pressure and will force the water for producing 0.6 gram with postcooling humid air.It is evaporating The heat of evaporation of every gram of water when being more than 2200 joules, for 0.6 gram of moisture of condensation, pressure will remove 1320 joules of energy.

Compared with cooling 100 grams of 20 DEG C of air, which is significant.100 grams of air coolings, 20 DEG C of needs are removed Heat isCompared with the heat that condensation removes.At 25 DEG C Four times of pressure of 80% humid air will force and generate 1.2 grams of water vapour.The water that is removed from air generate for the mankind or The water of plant consumption.

Fig. 6 is shown for generating hot water, cold air and the thermal pump of condensed water.By the top of our motor drive Air is compressed to from the bottom centre of compressor in heat-exchange tube by compressor.Pipe obtains its air pressure across the center of water tank Contracting heat and water condensation heat are in heating water tank.Condensed water and cooling compressed air are collected at bottom box.Compression is empty Gas obtains cold air and is cooled down for space in top drive expanding machine.Compressed air can also be distributed to interior by nylon tube Expanding machine, for freeze and generate work(and for illuminate and electric appliance consumption electric power.

The third application of cone-type spiral turbine：Solar energy water desalination

We can use screw compressor for the solar energy desalination of water.For driving the electric power of compressor can be by too Positive energy heat power or photovoltaic power generate.Solar energy can be assembled and be collected as heat, under the air pressure of reduction Make boiling sea water.Our screw compressor can be used to condense the steam of the brine evaporated from solar energy.Compression and low pressure steams Vapour can increase the temperature of steam to condense.The heat of condensation can evaporate more polyhaline under reduced pressure.

When I walks in Tibet, China, solar energy desalination gains enlightenment.I hear it is loud fizz and see steaming Vapour comes out from solar water heater.When atmospheric pressure halves, water boils at 80 DEG C.When I aboard by Qinghai and When highest railway is had meal in the world between Tibet, tableware becomes rapidly tepor.My requirement reheats tableware with micro-wave oven, but Do not use：My egg Foo Yung is rapidly cooled due to food moisture evaporates in rarefied air.

We can rebuild this environment under low pressure on the head of high water column.Water boils at 80 DEG C at the top of 5 meter water columns, Pressure halves there.The pressure of 10 meter water columns at top is zero, will largely be evaporated in top water.Generated steam pressure Water column is caused to decline.We remove steam by needing to pump, to generate approximate vacuum at top.

Fig. 7 shows Hui solar energy water desalters.For conventional solar water heater, solar heat it is captured with Water in heatable glass tube.The glass tube is included in another glass tube with vacuum.Outer glass pipe is interior with sunlight to be reflected into Half surface of reflection in water heating pipe.Similar with solar water heater, we use the reflective optical system of bigger.Reflector shapes class It is similar to conical surface shown in Fig. 8, it will be on solar ray collecting to the water pipe placed vertically.Reflector with azimuth position α with The track sun.Since the positive northern sun has α=0.Reflector also tracks the sun in height or height above sea level, is defined as sunlight and ground Horizontal line angulation β.The sun on zenith right over the crown has β=90 °.

Fig. 8 shows parabola cone-shaped reflector.The center line of conical surface is known as top line by us.Top line should The azimuth position for following the sun, is directed toward the sun in horizon.In order to track the sun, the angle of inclination of top line in its height δ is radiated on the vertical line of focus in which should make reflecting light level, and wherein brine is heated in focal point.

The level cross-sectionn of conical surface is the parabola focused in vertical z-axis.The focus of Parabolic Section is hung down Straight location-dependent query is in the inclination of the height above sea level and circular cone of the sun.Consider that the sun on zenith right over the crown has β=90 °.Such as Fruit top line tilts δ=45 °, then the sunlight on the crown is flatly reflected on salt water column.Reflector is conical, i.e. cone Ray by coming from origin (0,0,0) is formed.The surface of circular cone can be knitted by hanging the polyester film cut out on carbon fiber rod Object is constituted, wherein the carbon fiber rod is the ray of circular cone.The curvilinear surface of the flat mylar sheet and parabola cone It coincide.

Consider conical surface as shown in Figure 8 δ=45 ° height above sea level.Make the tip of cone be located at origin (x, y, z)= (0,0,0).Parabolic cross section at horizontal z has positioned at the vertex (parabolical minimum value) of (x, y, z)=(0, z, z). If the sun overhead right over β=90 °, light focuses at (x, y, z) with focal length p=z=(0,0, z), such as Fig. 8 institutes Show.

Consider more generally situation β ＞ 0.For given vertical-horizontal z, parabolic surface x²=4p (y+p).We Wish to reflect sunlight so that it flatly hits vertical column.The inclination of obtained top line is, examine day Sun β=90 ° on top, the sun on δ=45 ° and horizontal line, β=0 °, δ=90 °.Top line is side on the y-z plane Journey y=ztan δ.Then conical surface is x²=4ztan δ (y+ztan δ).

Although reflector tracks sun well in azimuth position and is important, can accurately track in height The sun is not too important.Obtained focal line is maintained in z-axis, but the line can according to the height of the sun on the axis on It moves or moves down.Therefore, the inclination for δ being pre-set for reflector may be enough, such as δ=60 ° and δ=75 °.From δ= 60 ° of transition to δ=75 ° can be unfolded to realize by the paper folding of parabolic line-cone.

Decompression at the head of water makes water boil at a lower temperature.When the steam pressure of water is equal to environmental pressure, water Boiling.Steam pressure is only dependent upon temperature.As shown in fig. 7, the committed step for water desalination be compression and low pressure water vapour with It is condensed under elevated pressures.Screw compressor is placed on the top on the head of water to remove steam.

The water vapour of compression and heating occurs from the center of screw compressor, into along the downward long tubule in water column center In.Water cooling congeals into water vapour, generates heat, is exchanged with the boiling water of surrounding.

As shown in fig. 7, condensed water is collected in the closed container of column bottom.Fresh water can be pumped out from condensing chamber Come.

As water vapour condenses, a large amount of condensation heat is generated.Capture the effect that this condensation heat significantly improves water distillation Rate.

In head portion, it is concentrated by evaporation salinity.This heavy and hot saline solution is warm by it by contraflow heat exchanger It is discharged after measuring in the water for the saliferous being introduced into.

The efficiency of desalination is limited with thermokinetics.What the heat ratio that the water of concentrating salt-containing needs was discharged by condensed steam Heat is more.The heat that the sun provides is enough.

Incomplete heat exchange brings low efficiency.The heat loss that convection current generates can be realized by insulating.Using good Good insulation and heat exchange, it is desirable to obtain high desalination efficiency.

Electric energy can pass through solar energy power generating or solar energy production and supply by the sun.Electric power is used for compression and low pressure Water vapour.Kinergety is converted into the heat of compression.The heat of compression and condensation heat are all used for the water of more concentrating salt-containing.

It is believed that this can become very economical and sustainable mode, it is the mankind and plant consumption purifying sea water.It drinks The water of saliferous has become the health problem of the Indian subcontinent.The Pacific Ocean islander solar energy desalination can also be utilized for drinking and Cleaning purpose.

The detailed description of integrated thermal turbine and generator

Fig. 5 shows the viewgraph of cross-section of thermal turbine and generator.Thermal turbine includes compressor 501, heating Chamber 502 and expanding machine 503, wherein horizontal cross-sectional view are shown as two 4- helical disks on the top and bottom of Fig. 5.

Four rotations of compressor helical duct 504,505,506,507 are entered with compressing extraneous air.Compressed air is right Enter in heating chamber 502 from the center of compressor 501 afterwards.(the institute clockwise in such as figure when compressor rotates in one direction Show), gas is compressed by (in figure counterclockwise) being flowed in opposite direction in compressor helical duct.

Heat is generated for burning by gas, fuel gas enters heating chamber 502 by fuel nozzle 508, at that In fuel-air mixture light.

For generating heat by the solar thermal power of aggregation, sunlight focuses on the top center of expanding machine 513, may With glass top to allow the sunlight focused to enter chamber.

When single turbine is rotated along a direction, compressor 501 and expanding machine 503 are along identical side clockwise To rotation.Gas expands in four expanding machine channels 509,510,511,512.Gas in these channels along with turbine Rotate the rotation (counterclockwise) of opposite direction.Gas pressure makes turbine rotate clockwise, as shown in the figure.The gas that pressure is consumed Body is discharged at the periphery of expanding machine.

Although gas flows on identical direction (counterclockwise), spiral is (inverse for compressor (clockwise) and expanding machine Hour hands) it expands in the opposite direction.

Expanding machine is threaded through the depth successively decreased and tapered, from by paracentral larger depth 513 to close to outlet Smaller depth 514.This taper allows the pressure slow release in spiral.

Compressor spiral can be tapered to incude higher compression ratio.Optionally, we can be classified using multiple pressures The stacking of contracting machine.The compressed air at the center from compression stage is directed into the side of the compressor in next stage by centrifugation center Edge.We can use containing there are two the screw compressors of Archimedes spirals to replace conical helical compression machine.

Turbine is secured around the rotation of two ends 515,516 on the rotation axis on turbine cylinder.We can To use ball bearing, air bearing or magnetic bearing to carry out Smooth Rotation.

Generator 517 shows to place in the outer of turbine-generator.Magnet 518 is placed on the edge of rotor disk by we On, wherein opposite magnetic pole is as shown in the figure on the top and bottom of disk.

We use two endless solenoids 519,520 on the top and bottom of magnet.The two solenoids can go here and there Connection is connected to dual output.The two solenoids may be used as the magnetic bearing of turbine.Permanent magnet 518 is by coming from helical The magnetic levitation of pipe 519,520.

Two ends 521,522 form the terminal of DC generators.External load 523 consumes generated electric power.It is therein Load governor can be used for controlling the rotary speed of turbine.High voltage makes rotary speed increase.Low external load resistance makes electricity Stream flowing increases.High current flowing provides the work(provided by thermal turbine strong torque drag.

Thermal turbine can be directly in external mechanical load (gear-box of such as automobile or the turbo-propeller hair of aircraft Motivation) on apply work(.Generated electric power can be stored via chemical cell or ultracapacitor.Generated DC electric power quilt Storage, without the reversion of DC to AC.The DC electric power of storage can again be fetched as DC with drive motor.Motor is The identical generator of compressor-expander-generator-motor combined with shown in Fig. 5.We may not be needed another A motor.

The detailed description of air conditioner and dehumidifier

The embodiment of air conditioner and dehumidifier is shown in Fig. 6.

One embodiment has used the identical structure of the single rotor of the combination of compressor 601 and expanding machine 602.It does not need Hot chamber for heat absorption.Heat may sufficiently be distributed by the gas of the forced flow in helical duct.Compression and part are cooling Air can be directly entered expanding machine 602 for further cooling.Cold air is also directly blown onto people by the expanding machine as wind turbine On class body, to obtain effective personal cooling.

The cooling compressed air in part is directly directed to expanding machine by substitution from compressor, we shift downwards compressed air To heat exchanger 603, which generates gas heat to water heater box 604.The cooling of compressed air makes its moisture exist It is condensed in chamber 605 and passes through 618 and collected.Cold water enters at 616, to be heated in water tank 604.Hot water is extracted at 617.

Then, cooling compressed air is further cooled down by the surrounding air by the conduit 606 to expanding machine 602.Come The air that the pressure of self-expanding machine 602 is consumed is conducted through blow vent 607.Expanding machine is also served as cooling and dry sky Gas is transported to the air blower in the room in building.

Compressor with for the identical DC motor 608 of the DC electric generator structures of thermal turbine by providing power.Rotor Magnet 609 is the ring with the magnetic axis being aligned with rotor rotation axis.Stator coil 610,611 provides power by DC power supply 612.

Control device of electric motor 613 controls motor voltage and electric current.Voltage controls rotary speed.Air compressor motor by Gradually ramp up to required compression speed.Torque force needed for current control compression.Compressor is at 614,615 and bearing hinge connection.

Optional embodiment keeps compressor 601 and expanding machine decoupling.Compressed air can be conveyed by thin nylon tube To individual room.Expanding machine is located in each room, transporting cold-air and the electric power that may be generated by rotary expansion engine.

The alternative can be used for the village with centralized compressor and generator.The power of compressor can come from Solar panel or the thermal turbine driven from solar heat or gas burning.Compressed air is delivered to small by we Room rather than offer energy by metallic conductor.Compressed air provides cold air and low voltage DC for each family, is shone for LED Bright, TV and battery charging.Compressed air can also be used by a large amount of storages for night.

The detailed description of solar energy water desalination

Fig. 7 shows the water desalination system for using solar energy with evaporated salt water under reduced pressure.Photovoltaic power 714 can be used for Drive compressor 704.

Desalination system with similar for the air conditioning with dehumidifying water heating and steam condensation subsystem.We Compression and low pressure steam rather than humid air.

High water column 701 has the pressure reduced at head portion 702.Brine tank 703 can be by being resistant to brine corrosion Strengthened glass, armored concrete or ceramic material be made.

Inside water above-head and water tank 703, low pressure is sucked from entrance 715 by the compressor 704 that motor 705 drives Steam.Compressed steam condenses after leaving hinged compressor at 712,713.Condensed water heats brine in case 703 Further to evaporate.

The cycle of brine is as follows.The water of saliferous can be preheated before entering water chamber 703 by entrance 710.It can be with Preheating is realized by carrying out heat exchange with the waste brine solution of saliferous.We can utilize vacuum glass water heating pipe to preheat the sun The water of saliferous in energy water heater.

Parabolic solar collector 709 will be on solar focusing to salt water column 703.The collector is shown in Fig. 8 Geometry.The water of the sunlight heats saliferous of focusing, the water of the saliferous be increased to top 716 and under the heat of water with It decompression and largely evaporates.Water is also heated by the condensed steam in heat exchanger 706.

Dense brine is migrated to 717, is cooled down due to further evaporating, and sinks to bottom.Waste brine solution is at 711 Discharge.Heat exchange can be happened between hot salt brine waste liquid and the water of the saliferous of entrance.

For the ease of being recycled to outlet 711 by top position 716,717 from entrance 710, we can be by brine tank Vertical body is integrated into section.If brine tank is made of transparent glass, section boundaries can also absorb the sunlight of focusing.

Water condenses in chamber 707, is then extracted by 708.

Solar energy can also be provided by the heat turbine for the Driven by Solar Energy assembled.The hot-air being discharged from turbine can be used In bringing up leg, instead of focus lamp 709.The Thermal Motor and solar energy water desalter of combination can also become foreign-going ship With the real lifeguard for being detained islander.

Conclusion

There are three fundamentals for mankind's survival：Empty gas and water and sunlight.By these three elements, perhaps make in gaseous fuel For under the auxiliary of backup, we obtain the comfortable of all mankind：Cooling, heating, food, drinking water and cleaning water, Yi Jitong Letter calculates and transports required energy.It is believed that described invention will by personal energy example rather than centralized production, The comfortable of these mankind is provided when needed.

It expresses one's thanks to：Jim Hussey, Ankur Ghosh, Forest Blair and the Jerry Jin of Monarch Power is real Apply and test the earlier version of turbine.The Daniel Bliss professor of Arizona State University, Rutgers university YC Chiew and the Falin Chen of Univ Nat Taiwan open the fluid dynamic discussion of helical turbines.The Keng of ASU Hsu teaches 3D laser printing metallic turbine model.

Claims (28)

1.To the claim of cone-type spiral turbine：

A kind of expanding machine for pressure energy to be converted to the gas-pressurized of movement, the expanding machine include：

Multiple coaxial disks, each coaxial disks have multiple closed channels, gas are made to flow to periphery from the center convolution of each disk； And each helical duct includes：

With the angle of the gas turns in channel is linear or index it is increased include an angle increasing radius, and with The hole area that the angle of helical duct rotation reduces；

There is provided has the air-flow for the pressure being gradually reduced with corner, applies pressure on external helical duct wall, to generate Than the torque with smaller wall area and the internal spiral channel wall bigger of radius.

2. a kind of compressor carrying out compressed gas using movement and increase gas pressure, the compressor include：

Multiple coaxial disks, each coaxial disks have multiple closed channels, make gas from the peripheral helicoid of each disk is flow to The heart；And each helical duct has：

The decreasing radius linearly or logarithmically reduced with the angle of the gas turns in channel, and as helical duct rotates The increased hole area of angle；

Wherein gas carries pressure flow, by the external helicoid conduit wall than the inside spiral shell with smaller wall area and radius The torsional forces for revolving shape conduit wall bigger squeezes gas, and the pressure increases with the angle that external helicoid conduit wall turns to.

3. the compressor-expander of compressor according to claim 2 and expanding machine described in claim 1 combines, packet It includes：

Multiple compressor discs are directed into the periphery of the disk of next stage in a manner of being arranged stage by stage from the compressed gas of disk center Input terminal so that gas pressure increases from level-one to next stage；

Multiple expanding disks, wherein the center that the gas expanded from the peripheral portion of disk is directed into the disk of next stage inputs so that Its pressure of gas consumption is to work；

From compressor set to the compressed gas pipeline of expansion unit, as the opening between the compressor and expanding machine of connection, Described in pipeline be external and include compressed gas storage device between compressor and expanding machine.

For the claim of monopolar D. C. dynamo：

4. a kind of by the generator that conversion of motion is electric energy, the generator includes and the side of the flat surfaces of rotor disk or two The coaxial rotor disk of stator disc on side further includes：

Rotor disk, is annular permanent magnet, polarity vertically axial orientation；

Stator disc, is coaxial annular solenoid, the both ends of solenoid conducting wire include with is connected with each other positive of other electrodes and Cathode；

Wherein generator generates electric power according to the right-hand rule, radially by the movement in the magnetic field of the rotation and vertical orientation of rotor Induction field generates the electric power of the product of the voltage and current as induction.

5. it is a kind of by electrical power conversion at the motor of movement comprising on the one or both sides of the flat surfaces of rotor disk with it is fixed The coaxial rotor disk of sub-disk, thus：

Rotor disk is the annular of permanent magnet, polarity vertically axial orientation；

Stator disc is coaxial annular solenoid, and solenoidal both ends include the anode and cathode being connected with each other with other electrodes.

Wherein motor generates rotary motion, the magnetic field of the vertical direction of permanent magnet and stator disc according to the right hand rule of Lorentz force In the magnetic field interaction that generates of radial current, to generate Lorentz lorentz's magnetic force for being acted on along rotor magnet circumferencial direction.

6. the motor described in generator as claimed in claim 4 and claim 5, the wherein power generation described in claim 4 Machine is fetched in it will be electronically stored at another electric power storing device later to drive the same generator described in claim 4 It is operated as the motor described in claim 5.

To the claim of Thermal Motor：

7. a kind of turbine disk machine driven by gas-pressurized, including：

One central compartment, gas-pressurized by positive nozzle inject wherein, gas by means of fuel combustion or aggregation solar energy It heats indoors；

Multiple helical ducts are radiated from the centre chamber, and the multiple helix includes expanding radius and bellmouth；

The bellmouth is suitable for gradually releasing stress in the length of the turbine, and leaves the periphery of the turbine；

The wherein described turbine is suitable for keeping pressure to act on the circumference, and the circumference has than in the bellmouth The external surface area of surface region bigger, to allow the gas pressure to make the turbine in the opposite direction of the air-flow Rotation.

8. turbine disk machine according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the turbine disk machine further includes the turbine of combination Machine and generator, wherein the turbine disk machine is matched with generator merges the rotor for being suitable as the generator, further include enclosing Around the annular electromagnets of the turbine disk machine, on the stator coil coaxial with the turbine disk machine described in claim 7 Direct current.

9. turbine disk machine according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include Thermal Motor and generator, wherein The turbine disk machine coordinates with generator and is suitable for the rotor of the generator, further includes surrounding the turbine disk The electromagnet ring of machine, is powered on the stator coil positioned at the periphery of turbine cylinder, and further includes being revolved by external torque The coiled, compression machine turned, the compressor include：

Central compartment is adapted to allow for compressed gas to be discharged

Multiple screw compressor channels, from the central lumen radiate, the multiple compressor conveyor screw include expansion radius and Bellmouth；

The inside of the helical duct is wherein forced through from the gas of the external compression of the compressor, to respond these compressions The compressing force of the larger exterior surface area of machine helical duct；

The wherein described turbine is suitable for via compressor described in torsional forces pressure-driven.

10. turbine disk machine according to claim 9, wherein the turbine disk machine and the coiled, compression machine include circle Conical by its shape, wherein each in the multiple spiral and the multiple compressor spiral is linear taper, it is described linear Taper includes the linear relationship between channel depth and the radius of spin.

11. turbine disk machine according to claim 9, wherein the coiled, compression machine includes the A Ji by motor drive Mead scroll compressor.

12. turbine disk machine according to claim 7, wherein the multiple helical duct there is the angle with steering and The radius exponentially increased.

13. turbine disk machine according to claim 7, wherein the multiple helical duct has the angle with the steering The pore size spent and exponentially reduced.

To the claim of thermal pump：

14. a kind of method using compressed gas-driven turbine, the method comprises the steps of：

It forces gas through compressor and enters revolving wormgear machine central bore, thus revolving wormgear machine cavity room includes：

Multiple closed channels, for making gas flow to from the center convolution of each disk the periphery of each disk；And it is wherein every A helical duct includes：

The linearly or exponentially increased increasing radius with the angle of the gas turns in channel, and

The hole area that can reduce with the angle that the helical duct turns to；

So that air-flow has the pressure being gradually reduced with the angle turned to by applying pressure on outer helical duct wall, institute It states external spiral conduit wall and generates the torque force than the inside spin conduit wall bigger with smaller wall area and radius.

15. according to the method for claim 14, further including following steps：Via compressor by making the rotation Compressed air in the spiral of turbine expands to generate cold air；

Described the step of generating cold air, completes in the case where injecting heat not over the solar energy of burning or aggregation.

16. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the compressed gas is rotated by pipe from by external torque Coiled, compression machine conveys, and the coiled, compression machine includes：

Central bore is adapted so that compressed gas can leave the multiple helical ducts radiated from the central bore, described Multiple spirals include expansion radius and bellmouth；

Wherein from the gas of the external compression of the compressor in response to the compression of the larger exterior surface area of these helical ducts Power and be forced past the helical duct and enter inside.

17. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16, further includes motor, the motor is suitable for the dish type Compressor is used as being suitable for driving the magnet rotor of the motor of the compressor, wherein DC current to flow in multiple solenoids, drives The dynamic rotor magnet with axial magnet rotor.

18. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16, further includes the liquid of heating, the liquid passes through air The heat of compression heated.

19. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16 further includes drinking water, the drinking water is via the gas Body obtains, wherein the gas includes humid air, and the drinking water is carried from the moisture in the compressed humid air It takes.

20. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16 is further included suitable for receiving air from the compressor Container, the container are suitable for storing the air after dehumidifying as cooling, pressurization and the air to dehumidify, and further include by from The forced air of the container supply provides the turbine disk machine of power, and the turbine disk machine includes：

Central bore, the gas-pressurized are injected by male nozzle in the central bore, and the gas It is heated in the cavity by the solar energy of fuel combustion or aggregation；

The multiple helical ducts radiated from the central bore, the multiple spiral include expansion radius and bellmouth；

The bellmouth is suitable for gradually releasing stress the length by the spiral and leaves the periphery of the turbine；

The wherein described turbine is suitable for that pressure is kept to act on the periphery, and the periphery has the interior table than the bellmouth The exterior surface area of face area bigger, so that gas pressure can make the turbine along the side opposite with the air-flow To rotation.

21. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16, wherein the multiple helical duct has the angle with steering And the radius exponentially increased.

22. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16, wherein the multiple helical duct has with the steering Angle and the pore size exponentially reduced.

23. coiled, compression machine according to claim 16, wherein the multiple spiral has a constant width, but spiral Channel depth exponentially reduces with the angle of the steering.

To the claim of solar energy water desalination：

24. a kind of solar energy water purifier, it includes：

Assemble the reflection paraboloid conical surface of solar energy, there is the central top line of the azimuth position of the tracking sun；

Vertical column at the focal line of reflection paraboloid conical surface for accommodating water to be clean；

Compressor in the vertical column for the low-pressure steam of pressurized water post head；

Pass through the heat-exchange tube to water column using the condensation heat of compressed steam；And

Collect condenser, chamber of the condensed steam as drinking water.

25. reflection paraboloid conical surface according to claim 25, with the increased central top line of height, To track height and position of the sun more than horizon.

26. solar energy water purifier according to claim 25, wherein the compressor includes multiple coiled, compression machines, There are each coiled, compression machine multiple helical gas channels, the helical gas channel to have decreasing radius and be incremented by channel hole face Product so that gas is compressed by the external channel of the spiral, and the spiral is pushed to along by gas in the coiled, compression machine The direction of the heart rotates, and improves the pressure and temperature of the gas.

27. solar energy water purifier according to claim 25, wherein the compressor is by the magnetic with axial magnetized Rotor and by DC powered solenoid stator dish type motor provide power, with generate for gas compression rotation transport It is dynamic.

28. solar energy water purifier according to claim 25, wherein for the evaporating temperature of reduction, the vertical column Suitable for generating the hydraulic pressure reduced on water column head so that the steam of generated low temperature and low-pressure can be compressed to generate Condensed water and condensation heat, for further evaporating water to be clean.