CN102797515A - Method for saving energy through injection air suction in thermodynamic process - Google Patents
Method for saving energy through injection air suction in thermodynamic process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102797515A CN102797515A CN2012101658230A CN201210165823A CN102797515A CN 102797515 A CN102797515 A CN 102797515A CN 2012101658230 A CN2012101658230 A CN 2012101658230A CN 201210165823 A CN201210165823 A CN 201210165823A CN 102797515 A CN102797515 A CN 102797515A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
- F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/54—Installations characterised by use of jet pumps, e.g. combinations of two or more jet pumps of different type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for saving energy through injection air suction in a thermodynamic process, which belongs to the field of heat energy power. In order to improve thermal efficiency, a high-parameter power air source is utilized; a composite injection system is formed by an injection air suction thermodynamic system in a circulating air suction mode or by a multistage injection air suction device on the level of more than one in a serial connection, parallel connection and circulation combined mode; and by combining an injection air suction system with a gas turbine engine and other heat and power conversion equipment, a high-parameter air source enters the injection air suction system and then enters the gas turbine engine to do work so as to operate at high efficiency. In addition, an injection refrigeration scheme capable of reducing throttling losses is provided; and the energy saving method can be popularized to wide energy-saving fields of various heat energy and power processes, seawater and other water thermodynamic purification systems and the like, and is high in efficiency and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal power and refrigerating field.
Background technique
The exploitation of always pursuing big capacity high pressure high temperature turbosets in the thermal power field is with the pursuit high efficiency, but two parameters of temperature and pressure always are difficult to satisfy simultaneously this purpose.Internal-combustion engine, gas turbine and rocket motor FT degree are high but flue gas pressures is limited when causing work that temperature of exhaust fume is too high; The vapor wheel unit of coal-fired power plant can obtain supercritical pressure; Though temperature, pressure has realized that at steam turbine synchronous reduction reaches the low parameter discharging; But the vapor (steam) temperature initial conditions is only about 550 ℃; The at present advanced large-scale heating power unit unit thermal efficiency all is no more than 50%, internal-combustion engine and thermal efficiency of gas turbine even less than 40%, the therefore very big energy saving space in addition.A kind of solution is to have adopted gas turbine and vapor recycle cogeneration; With the high-temperature flue gas of the discharge of gas turbine again through the vapor recycle generating; Overall thermal efficiency can reach about 55%; But this dynamic process directly combination makes the stack of system complex problem cause cost of investment and operating cost very big, uses not extensive.
Spraying the exhaust technique field; General employing single-stage is sprayed and is realized that (so-called " polyphone " is from the flow process of bleeding for vacuum suction or several single-stage injection air ejector " series connection "; Be usus loquendi in the industry at present, driven strength source and course journey is seen the actual parallel connection that is) realize more fine pumping.Single-stage nozzle ejection air ejector is usually used in UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN at present; Energy-conservation fields such as Steam Recovery like steam jet refrigeration, evaporation-type seawater desalination and other thermodynamic system; But the decision of its single-stage spraying structure its can only use in low parameter source of the gas (high parameter high-efficiency turbine wheel machine all is multistage nozzle series connection acting); Its maximum problem is that the thermal efficiency is very low, does not realize also that at present driven strength source and course journey sees the report of realizing the plural serial stage spraying structure.Single-stage is sprayed the inefficient characteristics of bleeding is limited to its application, and advantage is to need not rotary machine in the air sucking and pressing process.
In addition; The microgrid distributed power generation adopts thermoelectric cold cogeneration to realize significantly aspect energy-efficient pressing for little unit generation and realizing high efficiency electric power safety, renewable energy utilization and user; But the maximum problem of small-sized heating power unit is to be difficult to realize high parameter, and especially pressure parameter is difficult to up.Patent application CN200810182738.9 has proposed heating power boost type thermal circulation method; It is the solution that a kind of effective small steam unit is realized high parameter steam; But the small-sized steam turbine generator that needs but is difficult to corresponding high parameter model, seriously restricts its broad development at present because of little generatine set heat efficiency is low.
In refrigeration and art of heat pumps, the working medium swell refrigeration all is to realize decompressional expansion through throttle valve or trickle pipe in the refrigeration cycle, abandons utilizing expansion work, has data to propose to adopt equipment such as oil hydraulic motor to reclaim expansion work but cost of investment and efficient are all poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention: increase substantially the thermal efficiency of thermal procession, reduce cost of investment.
Technological scheme of the present invention: in thermal procession, adopt the high parameter power gas source to mix the back of slowing down and power is provided for the hot merit conversion equipment through other source of the gas of composite injection extract system generation jet suction; Realization is to the compressed action of the no rotary machine of quilt suction source of the gas; So-called composite injection air suction mode is meant that spraying extract system has adopted one or more levels cyclic spray air suction mode; Or the mode that has adopted two or three among three kinds of injections of series connection and parallel connection and circulation air suction modes to combine, multistage cyclic spray is bled and is meant the cyclic spray air suction mode more than two-stage or the two-stage.So-called cyclic spray is bled and is meant that spraying in the pumping process every grade bleeds that what extract is subordinate's source of the gas behind the compressed action of bleeding; What final stage was bled extraction is tail gas or other source of the gas of hot merit conversion equipment after the acting of expanding; Realizing that progressively circulation is bled progressively increases circular flow and concentrates the acting of expanding to final stage, and the single-stage cyclic spray is bled and directly extracted the hot merit conversion equipment tail gas after the acting that expands.
The bleed essence of power system principle of composite injection is; No matter be that circulation is extracted the native system exhaust or extracted other source of the gas; All be that the power gas source suction is by suction source and to being drawn into the process of source of the gas compressed action; High parameter power gas source parameter in the acting process reduces and to bring mass flow rate and increase, and spray the air extractor series connection and can make the low pressure parameter that high-pressure air source constantly expand into to be needed, and parallel connection can make the high temperature source of the gas repeatedly compress repeatedly to expand into the low temperature parameter that needs; Through series connection and flexible combination parallelly connected and that circulation is bled; As long as radiation system can be protected the high-temperature service proper functioning, can realize that in theory any high-temperature flue gas does work near the ambient temperature discharging, realizes the high parameter high-efficiency operation.
Adopt the composite injection extract system to create very favorable condition for realizing high temperature high parameter power system; Can adapt to any high-temperature flue gas that the firing chamber produces; As forming power gas source, help thermal procession high parameter high-efficiency operation by liquefied air or liquid oxygen and liquid fuel even solid fuel ignition.Also do function, energy-saving and created advantage for the various thermals source of flexible utilization, as: the Working medium gas machine that is compressed compresses to boost or be liquefied afterwards to boost and evaporate through heating power becomes power gas source; The low temperature power gas source heats up through the combustion chambers burn of pressure is arranged, and perhaps heats up through spraying extract system suction combustion gas or other hot gas.Aspect solar energy or wind-power electricity generation energy storage; Even can utilize high temperature air to become plasma state to have the conduction characteristics; Realize that through electric power plasma discharge or the heating of plasma electromagnetism eddy current effect obtain the superhigh temperature air; For thermal injection cooling air liquefaction system provides power, the realization high efficiency does not have the mechanical energy storage of forwarding to; And, perhaps adopt above-mentioned two or more intensifications through low-temperature heat source intensification in the heat exchanger utilization.
In addition; A kind of swirl injection type refrigerating method is proposed; The cryogenic fluid source of the gas is through the decompression refrigeration that expands; It is characterized in that power system adopts injection extract system or compressor or blower fan to make between low temperature source of the gas and the rotary flow type gas-liquid separator and produces pressure difference; After the expansion atomizing in nozzle entering rotary flow type gas-liquid separator of low temperature source of the gas also tangentially produced jet formation eddy flow realization gas-liquid separation, condensed fluid was stayed the interior residual gas of gas-liquid separator and is discharged from outlet pipe, and fluid director is installed in the outlet pipe or exhaust pipe mouth.Power system provides the power of bleeding for the refrigeration system outlet pipe, perhaps for nozzle provides pressurized air source, is that nozzle provides pressurized air source for outlet pipe provides the power of bleeding simultaneously perhaps, reduces in can realize bleeding refrigeration or the ejector refrigeration process or avoids restriction loss.This scheme is that heating power such as heating power or electric air conditioner, air liquefaction, desalination of sea water and dehydration of air or process of refrigerastion reduce restriction loss and utilize expansion work that new lower cost solution is provided.
The notion of the gas that relates to here is the generalized concept that comprises various sources of the gas such as air, flue gas, steam and wet air or gaseous working medium, and is as follows.The concrete solution of the present invention is versatile and flexible, will combine embodiment to further specify.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. the composite injection extract system combines with air liquefaction and heating power step-up method, has avoided gas-turbine directly to contact high-temperature flue gas, can discharge by fine solution heat power process high parameter operation low parameter, can give full play to the high efficiency advantage.
2. porous is sprayed and can be simplified injection apparatus shortening jet length, and not only the multistage series parallel connection combined cycle of well adapted structure needs but also can when being used for single-stage injection air ejector, make the most of the advantage.
3. the swirl injection type refrigeration can be avoided restriction loss, can realize not having the air liquefaction of rotary machine refrigeration type, extensively brings into play the advantage of low-cost high-efficiency in fields such as refrigeration, energy storage, desalination of sea water gas cleanings.
4. the composite injection thermodynamic cycle of bleeding combines with the heating power booster system, can realize not having that rotary engine solved that motor realizes the high parameter operation must overcome resistant to elevated temperatures bottleneck.
5. air liquefaction and heating power boost and combine to make things convenient for combustion system to realize that oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen burning and liquid oxygen and liquid fuel directly burn.
6. can be used for the cold storage coproduction of small-sized minisize thermoelectric thermodynamic system, liquefied air not only can be realized low-cost energy storage in the system, and the time evaporation of system's generator operation boost can be in passing for air-conditioning provides not consumes energy of low-temperature receiver, energy-efficient.
7. high efficiency composite injection thermodynamic system can be jet pipe the low temperature power gas source is provided, and system has created advantage for wing plate jet surface aerodynamic force, helps making various mobile devices to use aerodynamic force to become generally with the combination of water conservancy diversion bent plate.
8. utilize thermodynamic cycle scheme efficiently can realize heat power induced draught fan and blower, adopt the alternative water pump of mode of air pressure water, also can promote the liquid magnetofluid generating, can realize not having the efficient power generation of rotary machine.
9. help solar energy, biological energy source and various waste heat and realize high-efficiency energy-storage and generating through air liquefaction.
10. the present invention is the basis innovation, and is widely applicable, will bring into play energy-conserving action in more areas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that three grades of polyphones spray the pumping process sketch.
Fig. 2 is that three grades of series circulation are sprayed the pumping process sketch, and Fig. 2 A is a split cyclic spray device structure.
Fig. 3 is a single-stage cyclic spray pumping process sketch.
Fig. 4 is the multiple nozzle spraying structure diagram of bleeding.
Fig. 5 is the principle schematic that nozzle distributes by oblique formation cyclone mode.
Fig. 6 is that rotary flow type is sprayed air ejector split arrangement schematic representation.
Fig. 7 is multistage polyphone vacuum ejector structure diagram.
Fig. 8 is water resource heat pump or refrigeration system schematic representation.
Fig. 9 is a kind of steam compression type sea desalination system schematic representation.
Figure 10 is a composite injection extraction gas turbine system schematic.
Figure 11 is that the composite injection air exhausting type does not have compression ignite burning gas turbine engine systems schematic representation.
Figure 12 is the two-layer composite injection of air compressor and the gas-turbine coaxial arrangement gas turbine of bleeding.
Figure 13 has adopted composite injection that air liquefaction and heating power the boost gas-turbine circulatory system of bleeding.
Figure 14 is the multi nozzle jet engine schematic representation that has adopted the composite injection extract system.
Figure 15 is the Air Breathing Engine System schematic representation that has adopted air liquefaction and heating power booster system.
Figure 16 is that the can liquid gas is the compound injection jet power of the combustion gas system schematic of power.
Figure 17 is that the can liquid gas is the external heating jet power system schematic of power.
Figure 18 is a hollow bushing structured liquid gasification frost prevention heating pipe line.
Figure 19 is a jet surface air generation plants schematic representation.
Figure 20 is that the jet surface air generation plants is used for ground mobile device schematic representation.
Figure 21 is that the jet surface air generation plants is used for aerial mobile device schematic representation.
Figure 22 sprays the thermodynamic system of bleeding to be used for air pressure volumetric water pumping system sketch.
Figure 23 is used under the liquid or the air pressure volumetric water pumping system sketch of deep-well.
Figure 24 is a liquid magnetofluid electric generator structure sketch.
Figure 25 is that the composite injection extract system is used for spraying the refrigeration schematic representation of bleeding.
Figure 26 A is the rotary flow type ejector refrigeration, and Figure 26 B is the fluid director unfolded drawing.
Figure 27 is the composite injection power system malleation source of the gas ejector refrigeration mode schematic representation of bleeding.
Figure 28 is that compressor or blower fan power mode spray the air suction mode schematic representation.
Figure 29 is the schematic representation of thermal injection air extraction refrigerator or heat pump.
Figure 30 is compressor compresses and the injection liquefaction joint refrigeration system schematic of bleeding.
Figure 31 is the fluid purification system schematic representation that adopts the rotary flow type ejector refrigeration to combine with cyclone separator.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, composite injection bleed structure and principle:
Three grades of series arrangement of injection air ejector shown in accompanying drawing 1; The high parameter power gas source 1 gets into air ejector master gas inlet by the road; Spray the back by exhaust pipe 4 suction low parameter sources of the gas through nozzle 2, accomplish one-level through trunnion 3 common entering deceleration diffusion chambers mixing and bleed, then get into second level third level pumping process; 6 discharge tail gas by the road after getting into the 5 expansion actings of turbo-generator group at last, arrow is represented the air current flow direction among the figure.Accompanying drawing 2 is that the cyclic spray structure of bleeding is adopted in three grades of series connection simultaneously, bleeds that what extract is that subordinate bleeds and mixes the source of the gas behind the diffusion for every grade, and final stage extracts the exhaust after gas-turbine expands acting, connects through circulation exhaust tube 8.Accompanying drawing 2A divides three grades of cyclic sprays of body structure structure of bleeding, the convenient heater that on pipeline, increases, and accompanying drawing 3 is the simplest single-stage circulation extract system sketches, circulation is bled and is extracted the gas-turbine exhaust.
Generally adopt one-level or multistage the bleeding more than the one-level, can be the miscellaneous equipment source or select to circulate and bleed or directly take out atmosphere by suction source according to the power gas source parameter and the difference decision of gas-turbine inlet nominal parameter.Reduce mass flow rate gradually and progressively increase in the injection thermal procession medium power source of the gas parameter of bleeding, every grade of injection circulation of bleeding is similar to heat recovery process, is energy-efficient thermal procession therefore.
Accompanying drawing 4 is that the multiinjector single-stage is sprayed the air ejector device; Form by source of the gas chamber 11, nozzle 12, aspirating chamber 13 and mixing tube 14; Abandon traditional hollow throat type pantograph structure; The straight tube structure that adopts mixing and diffusion process to unite two into one can shorten sparger length significantly and reduce flow resistance, also can adopt little involute tube of angle or reducing pipe when needing.The A of accompanying drawing 5, B figure representes that from two different direction the multiinjector combination distributes by oblique formation cyclone mode, and the mixing tube end guide vane that distributed makes steam flow become the direct current boost pressure from eddy flow.Accompanying drawing 6 is that rotary flow type is sprayed air ejector split arrangement, in the gas exhaust piping or outlet guide vane or fluid director are also arranged.Accompanying drawing 5 multiinjector distribution working methods and the rotary flow type spray regime of accompanying drawing 6 all are for shortening jet length and realize that two kinds of rapid deep diffusion of steam flow mix to improve pumping efficiency, and not only the multistage series parallel connection composite structure of well adapted needs but also can when being used for single-stage injection air ejector, make the most of the advantage.
Multistage circulation composite injection air ejector shown in accompanying drawing 7; Ordinary circumstance is used for vacuum suction; When power gas source is air or flue gas, also can be used for heating power air inducing or the heating power air blast is particularly useful for large fan, avoid efficient losses such as power process and wind wheel, can give full play to energy-conserving action.
Embodiment 3, spray the air exhausting type water resource heat pump:
Water resource heat pump shown in accompanying drawing 8 or refrigeration system; Employing hot pressing air is that the composite injection extract system of power gas source extracts vapor mixing compression back acquisition vapor condenses hot gas temperature rises in the former water tank 17; After hot user's heat supply; Steam further is condensed into water and get into coagulates in the water tank 19 through air-water separation in the air-flow, and air is discharged, the condensation water collection reuse.Generally need big flow in the operation Central Plains water tank and keep stable temperature and liquid level, former water discharges behind the water tank directly that cooling perhaps increases heat exchanger 18 indirect coolings.
A kind of steam compression type sea desalination system shown in accompanying drawing 9; Work under the evacuation of air state; Former water gets into vaporizers 23 from valve 21 and is heated and produces steam and be drawn into the composite injection air ejector 22 compressions back of heating up and get into heat release condensations in the condensers 24, and water of condensation is supplied water outside system by water pump 26.In still-process,, make the enough pressure difference generation evaporative condenser reactions of condenser 24 inside and outside maintenances by composite injection air ejector 22 by the degree of vacuum and the flow of control valve 21 and pump 25 control system.Only shown the single effect evaporation principle in the accompanying drawing; Be equally applicable to multiple effect evaporation; Because spraying the compression type of bleeding, single-stage has been the known technology of production application in fields such as desalination of sea water, distilled water productions; Present embodiment just explanation adopts multistage composite to spray to bleed and replaces single-stage and spray the compression of bleeding and will more adapt to the high parameter steam power, is more suitable for independent heating power distillation system, more efficient energy-saving.
Embodiment 5, gas-turbine power system or gas turbine engine systems:
Configuration shown in accompanying drawing 1,2,3 and accompanying drawing 4 the gas-turbine power system of composite injection air ejector, be fit to the steam power source of the gas easily or the system of low temperature source of the gas in other, can satisfy the steam electric power of little microcomputer group high parameter.Be depicted as composite injection extraction gas turbine system like accompanying drawing 10, reduce temperature of exhaust fume, adopted two-layer composite injection to bleed series parallel connection composite injection that parallel connection and turbine unit the form power system of bleeding in order to make the many as far as possible actings of high-temperature flue gas heat energy.System provides pressurized air by air compressor 32 for firing chamber 31; Make fuel produce combustion gas and become expansion and increase mass flow rate in the HTHP power gas source entering composite injection extract system in the firing chamber internal combustion; Being introduced into preposition gas-turbine 33 then gets into and discharges after becoming low parameter tail gas after the final stage gas-turbine acting; Gas-turbine branch front and back stages avoids low pressure recycle to spray can reduce composite injection circulation volume flowrate, reduces flow losses.
Accompanying drawing 11 is to have adopted the bleed no compression ignite of parallelly connected process of three layers of composite injection to burn gas turbine engine systems; Provide compressed gas source to become the initial driving force source of the gas by air compressor 35 and get into the composite injection extract system; High-temperature fuel gas are that the expansion of beginning decrease temperature and pressure was done work after the power gas source intensification reached proper parameter in the elder generation suction nothing pressure firing chamber 34, export shaft work through gas-turbine at last.To press the firing chamber to make a farfetched comparison the low volume of pressure parameter of the HPC firing chamber with power shown in Figure 10 big though do not have; To press the firing chamber to be more suitable for the heavy-duty generator group and not receive the firing chamber be the restriction of high temperature pressure vessel but do not have; Can be fuel oil, gas or coal burning; Also can be pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched combusting, not have the energy conservation project of pressing hot gas source scheme to help many industrial exhaust heat waste gas utilizations in addition.
Accompanying drawing 12 also is the two-layer composite injection parallel way of bleeding; Air compressor and gas-turbine coaxial arrangement, thermal procession and accompanying drawing 10 differences are that the thermal source of heater 37 is from the heat radiation protection or the extraction flue gas heating of firing chamber and sparger high temperature section; The exhaust of first layer composite injection extract system directly gets into preposition gas-turbine 36 (pressing the airflow direction definition); Reduced flow losses because of having reduced circulating load, but increased equipment cost, practical application can be selected according to concrete designing requirement.
Accompanying drawing 13 is to have adopted composite injection that air liquefaction and heating power the boost gas-turbine circulatory system of bleeding; It is with the process of working medium in the heating of pressurized container 54 inner sealings that so-called heating power boosts; Heat the pressure and the temperature of boosting and resupply vaporizer 46 up to needs; Producing steam by vaporizer is that composite injection extract system 49 and 40 (this diagramatic way is represented the injection of any needs form of bleeding, and is as follows) provides power through becoming power gas source after the hot heater heating again.Heating power boosts and the work of air liquefaction combination discontinuous; Its process is following: A; Boosted by heater 55 heating after replenishing liquefied airs in the heating power booster 54, up to vaporizer 46 balances after below one-way valve 45 automatic conductings export liquefied airs entering vaporizers, open valve 44 after the emptying of heating power booster liquid; One-way valve 45 is closed automatically, and residual air gets into composite injection air ejector 40 up to pressure balance after spraying air ejector 42 pumping unit air.B; When above-mentioned A process is carried out, opening control valve 41 power gas sources gets into composite injection extract system 40 and for jetstream whirl formula air liquefier 50 power of bleeding is provided; Air tangentially gets into liquifier inner cryogenic vacuum environment through pipeline 51 and nozzle behind heat exchanger 48 and 55 cool-down dehumidifications; Expand cooling atomizing back with the cyclonic action gas-liquid separation; Air-flow is taken away by composite injection air ejector 40 through outlet pipe, be collected into after the liquefied air sedimentation in the bottom container 52, when container 52 liquid levels reach upper after cut-off valve 41 liquefied air processes accomplish.C, container 52 becomes connecting vessels with heating power booster 54 after A, B process are all accomplished, one-way valve 53 automatic conductings, the heating power booster begins to replenish liquefied air, cut-off valve 44 open valves 41 after additional the completion, A, B process are restarted.
It is less that general relative vaporizer heating power booster volume designs; Make vaporizer that level fluctuation arranged in the course of the work but do not influence system stability work; In practical application, in the rapid heat cycle alternate, work for solving the heating power booster; Can adopt two heating power booster modes, can guarantee has enough temperature adaptation times, also can adopt the method for establishing the middle thermal insulation layer of thin-walled can in the container.The thermal source of crossing hot heater 43 can be boiler heating, solar energy high-temperature heat collection, boiler or motor or other production system waste heat and electric heating etc., also can directly adopt gas turbine.In addition, change open cycle into closed cycle, change air liquefaction into stram condenser, the heating power booster system just can be used for the water vapor circulation.
The characteristics that heating power boosts are that working medium obtains high voltage parameter easily and not influenced by the unit capacity size, and can be the not open cycles of water or steam.Heating power boosts to heat can resemble to adopt shown in the dotted arrow among the figure (dotting not essential, as follows) and directly absorbs air temperature and be air liquefaction system precooled air, also can adopt power system such as gas-turbine exhaust heat to heat.
Employing shown in accompanying drawing 14 the multi nozzle jet engine of composite injection extract system; Propeller cavitation, compressor and preposition gas-turbine 63 coaxial installations; Firing chamber 61 produces has compression ignite gas to preposition gas-turbine 63 power to be provided through spraying air ejector 62; The exhaust part of preposition gas-turbine is taken away by injection air ejector 62, and a part is sprayed, and air ejector 64 is taken away and produce injection power at its nozzle exit.
Employing shown in accompanying drawing 15 Air Breathing Engine System of air liquefaction and heating power booster system; Through firing chamber 66 and heating power booster system is that to provide power gas source to be converted into suitable temperature, pressure parameter at last be that jet pipe group 68 provides power to the circulatory system; The jet pipe group is managed 67 through mother and is communicated with one another, and can freely design jet pipe quantity and mounting point on demand.Thermodynamic cycle process and accompanying drawing 13 are similar basically, and different is, and composite injection bleeds that circuit exhaust pipe 69 extracts is the exhaust rather than the jet pipe tail gas of air liquefaction system, in fact also can directly extract atmosphere but can influence cycle efficiency.
Can liquid gas composite injection shown in accompanying drawing 16 power system of bleeding; Fuel pot 71 has been installed heater respectively with liquefied air (or liquid oxygen) jar 72; For the combustion gas composite injection power system 76 of bleeding provides fuel and oxygenant; Liquefied air jar 72 provides power gas source for composite injection extract system 75 simultaneously, and adopting jet pipe 74 is the hot merit conversion equipment, also can be gas-turbine.Accompanying drawing 17 is that to have adopted outer heat or external combustion system be the tanked liquefied pneumatic power system that heater 77 or 78 provides thermal source; There is exhaust pipe to connect mutually between the two cover evaporation injection extract systems; Can constitute subsequent use or additional each other power system by the mode of bleeding each other with being bled; Can only adopt a cover liquid petroleum gas system when being used for mini-system, promptly can be that the independent power system also can be a bootstrap system.
Embodiment 7, and liquid gas pipeline or container adopt the frost prevention heater:
Liquid gas boosts at heating power to be become in the power gas source system; To be vaporizer pine for easy frosting and influence system's proper functioning adding for Frequently Asked Questions; Accompanying drawing 18 is depicted as a kind of liquid gas frost prevention heating pipe line; Be made up of the inner and outer pipes suit, interior pipe 78 and 79 inner logical liquid refrigerants have been sealed gas up for safekeeping between the inner and outer pipes interlayer; Change the pressure of sealing gas up for safekeeping or control its flow speed control heater coefficient of heat transfer through control system, because this heating pipe line coefficient of heat transfer is adjustable so the variation that can conform obtains maximum heat exchange efficiency as far as possible at any time under the prerequisite of no frosting.Similarly but liquified gas container also can adopt this method to make internal and external layer frost prevention hot type; Interlayer vacuumizes insulation when pressurized container is deposited liquid gas; The interlayer pressurising increases the coefficient of heat transfer when the pressurized container heating makes liquid gas produce power, but the needs of well adapted stored energy power system.
Shown in accompanying drawing 19; Jet pipe provides power gas source by the composite injection thermodynamic system; Temperature descended significantly after the high temperature power gas source increased mass flow rate through the composite injection extract system; Can be directly injected to the surperficial or special wing plate surface of mobile device wing blade through jet pipe 81 when being used for the aerodynamic force system is unlikely to burn out the surface; Always when producing reaction thrust, can produce more lift because jet pipe sprays flow velocity, constitute a kind of energy-conservation jet surface aerodynamic force system than big the manying of mobile device surrounding atmosphere flow velocity.
Shown in accompanying drawing 20; The jet surface power system has increased the control jet-stream wind and has formed jet surface and conducting element group shots through the water conservancy diversion bent plate 82 of the flow direction behind the jeting surface, and jet-stream wind is become the mobile device onward impulse controlling to same direction through the lift of wing plate surface generation and reaction thrust.
Accompanying drawing 21 is that a pair of jet surface of expression and water conservancy diversion group shot combine the aerodynamic force system; Power gas source switch and flow are distributed by control valve system; Wherein scheme A and represent that left and right sides guide plate makes the air-flow unanimity that the aerodynamic force system is produced to climbing power; Figure B representes that the right guide plate moves down and withdraws from water conservancy diversion and make the right side jet direction change direct projection to the right into, and control valve system is redistributed air-flow makes lift and gravitational equilibrium and generations left need the Driving force of intensity, figure C and to scheme the effect shown in the B opposite; Left side direct projection and the downward water conservancy diversion in the right, system produces Driving force to the right.Like this; The aerodynamic force mobile device is by one group or many group jet surfaces provide power with the water conservancy diversion group shot and through control and then the controlling mobile equipment mobile status of control system to power gas source distribution and water conservancy diversion bent plate, can realize taking off, land, advance, retreat, turning to and mobile status such as hovering.
Conducting element also can adopt other mode of structure according to concrete needs except that adopting water conservancy diversion bent plate structure, the aerodynamic force system of jet surface and conducting element combination has utilized lift and reaction thrust to produce power, efficient energy-saving and usage mode flexibility and reliability simultaneously.
Embodiment 9, the positive displacement Pneumatic water pump:
Liquefied air or liquid nitrogen composite injection power system can provide power gas source for diaphragm pump, also can power gas source be provided for the positive displacement Pneumatic water pump shown in the accompanying drawing 22.Power gas source is setting-out container 93 air feed through composite injection system 91, and from the last residual air of outlet pipe 92 dischargings, the water source boosts into feedwater from pipeline 95 and gets into supply pipe 94 after check valve gets into the setting-out container.Make two groups of water pressuring system alternations through the control system control valve, replace air feed by the composite injection extract system and replace suction pressure water container residual air, the setting-out container replaces exhaust and through the one-way valve water outlet of intaking automatically.
Shown in accompanying drawing 23, be used under the liquid or the positive displacement Pneumatic water pump of deep-well; Working principle is the same with accompanying drawing 22; Two groups of setting-out containers adapt to working environment and change coaxial circles casing assembling structure into, and each setting-out container is connected with suction tude outlet pipe and residual air recovery tube respectively through control valve after a pipeline emersion ground is all arranged.
The positive displacement Pneumatic water pump has not only saved generating and electronic link, and has saved the inefficient turbine rotor of common water pump, adopts high efficiency composite injection power system that power gas source is provided, can the step-less adjustment flow, and energy-saving effect is remarkable.Similarly, the positive displacement air pump can also be used for other positive displacement pneumatic system, and to replace common air pump be the pneumatic equipment air feed, and for example, the setting-out container changes into calms the anger container and become air pump.
Embodiment 10, magnetohydrodynamic generator:
According to positive displacement Pneumatic water pump principle, can press liquid metal such as mercury or other magnetic fluid through the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator generating.Accompanying drawing 24 is a kind of Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generators; Magnetic conductive shell 101 is formed magnetic conductive loop with unshakable in one's determination 104; Produce magnetic field by field coil 102 excitations; Magnetic fluid gets into the mobile cutting magnetic line of spiral pipeline high speed from pipeline 103 makes armature coil 105 produce electric currents, and armature coil can produce direct current or Ac by different winding distribution modes, and the magnetohydrodynamic generator sharpest edges are not have rotary machine; And Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator easily adopts superconducting coil under liquid nitrogen composite injection thermodynamic system environment, and then can adopt the relatively poor electrolyte solution of specific conductance to do magnetic fluid replacement liquid metal.
A kind of composite injection extract system shown in accompanying drawing 25; Be used for the degree of depth refrigeration of bleeding; Aerodynamic force source of the gas entering combined type ejecting system 119 is perhaps pressed from exhaust pipe 118 suction airs and is extracted the final stage exhaust shown in the dotted line, gets into the parallelly connected extract system of three rents behind the increase flow, finally in vaporizer 112, bleeds through outlet pipe 111; Be discharged to atmosphere from exporting 117; Pumping process makes keeps enough pressure official post air from throttle valve 115 entering back expansion coolings in the vaporizer 112, all the other were taken away from outlet pipe 111 in the liquefied air bottom partial condensation liquefaction was deposited to, and liquefied air passes through valve 113 controls and discharges.This refrigeration or the no rotary machine of air liquefaction technology are simply low-cost, but throttle valve 115 has produced restriction loss (or claiming to have lost expansion work).
Shown in accompanying drawing 26A; For avoiding or reducing restriction loss in the ejector refrigeration process; Low temperature source of the gas (low temperature is meant that source of the gas gets into the preference temperature that can produce condensation after the swirl injection type refrigeration system here) through nozzle 123 tangentially sprays get into the rotary flow type gas-liquid separator inner atomizing of expanding formation simultaneously eddy flow (being similar to shown in the accompanying drawing 5B) realization gas-liquid separation after; Liquid is stayed the interior residual gas of gas-liquid separator bottom container and is discharged from outlet pipe 122; Fluid director 121 is installed in the outlet pipe also can be installed in the mouth of pipe; Fluid director guide vane planar development makes the guiding of rotation airflow flowing make progress for direct current shown in accompanying drawing 26B, and reclaims eddy flow power through the outlet pipe diffusion.Can adopt composite injection shown in accompanying drawing 25 to bleed when this cyclonic separator is used to freeze power mode that the degree of depth vacuumizes also can adopt composite injection shown in the accompanying drawing 27 power system malleation source of the gas ejector refrigeration mode of bleeding.Adopt malleation to spray and not only can simplify the composite injection extract system; And when the multi-stage jet extract system is power gas source with air or flue gas, can drive multistage swirl injection type refrigeration plant simultaneously, can realize realizing liquefied air or flue gas step by step along with pressure parameter descends step by step.
Any injection power refrigeration system of bleeding can adopt compressor or blower fan (blower fan generally is used for the wet air refrigeration) power mode to replace to realize the liquefaction of mechanical type source of the gas on the principle; The positive pressure system that provides with compressor 124 shown in accompanying drawing 28 is simply easy to use; Gas liquefaction can be used for and also dehydration of air can be used for; But it is big that compressor class rotating machinery is invested big operation expense high noisy, and two kinds of dynamic modes can suitable type selecting be made the most of the advantage in practical applications separately.
No matter heating power still is electric power can be realized energy storage through the air liquefaction of rotary flow type ejector refrigeration, can realize shown in the accompanying drawing 28 that the electric power that utilizes of greater efficiency is realized the air liquefaction energy storage.Has the meaning of more wanting in energy storage aspect solar energy or the wind-power electricity generation; For realizing the high efficiency, low cost energy storage; Can utilize high temperature air to have the conduction characteristics at plasma state; Realize that through electric power plasma generation equipment plasma discharge or the heating of plasma electromagnetism eddy current effect obtain the superhigh temperature air, for thermal injection cooling air liquefaction system provides heat power, the realization high efficiency does not have the mechanical energy storage of forwarding to.Plasma burner application at present is more, and high-temperature flue gas plasma state magnetohydrodynamic generator theory is comparative maturity also, and it is feasible therefore utilizing electric power generation plasma discharge or magnetic induction to produce heating power.
Open type refrigeration or heat pump cycle schematic representation shown in accompanying drawing 29; Air gets into swirl injection type refrigeration system 128 as the low temperature source of the gas through nozzle and produces liquefied air; In the heating power booster system, boosted by thermal evaporation by liquefied air and become the initial driving force source of the gas that sprays extract system; Heating power booster in the heating power booster system and vaporizer in fact all are evaporating heat exchangers; By spraying extract system is that the outlet pipe 129 of swirl injection refrigeration system 128 provides the power of bleeding to produce liquefied air to form the periodic duty system, is that the external world provides low-temperature receiver (shown in dotted line among the figure) to export exhaust and to the external world thermal source is provided by spraying air ejector by the vaporizer heater.Only need intermitten service to get final product by heater 127 for the initial driving force source of the gas provides the heat power process when ordinary circumstance system moves, decide, can whether heat operation through valve 125 and valve 126 controls along with the variation of liquefied air storage volume in the system.Heater 127 can adopt various heating power modes such as heat exchanger or firing chamber to make system become heat-operated refrigeration or heat pump, and also can replace the heating type thermodynamic system with compressor becomes mechanical type or electric refrigeration and heat pump.
Shown in accompanying drawing 30; Be used for enclosed refrigeration or heat pump cycle; Spray a part of entering of the gas working medium rotary flow type refrigeration system of the discharge of extract system, another part gets into and gets into condensing heat exchanger 131 after compressor 132 is compressed, with the liquefaction working medium entering evaporating heat exchanger of rotary flow type refrigeration system and condensing heat exchanger generation; Liquefaction working medium is boosted by thermal evaporation to become to spray the power gas source of extract system, is that low-temperature receiver is provided is that the external world provides thermal source by condensing heat exchanger in the external world by evaporating heat exchanger.
Fluid purification process shown in the accompanying drawing 31; Adopt source of the gas ejector refrigeration and cyclone separator combination to realize that the liquid evaporation condensing type purifies; Power gas source is introduced into cyclone separator 136 and produces eddy flow; And increase stoste spray system 135 sprays into stoste entering eddy flow to cyclone separator inside; Stoste be heated rear section evaporation all the other keep liquid, receive cyclonic separation effect stoste steam with air-flow become mixed airflow through outlet pipe and fluid director to outlet, unevaporated stoste is deposited to the bottom by cyclonic separation and discharges.The mixed airflow of separating from cyclone separator gets into swirl injection type refrigeration system 137 through nozzle, and making stoste vapor condensation separated and collected is purified solution, and all the other air-flows are discharged.This fluid purification process nature is to have utilized wet air swirl injection refrigeration principle.
Adopt accompanying drawing 31 schemes can also be used for gas cleaning; Flue gas gets into the swirl injection refrigeration system and realizes flue gas dehumidifying, dedusting through the appropriateness refrigeration and make the gaseous oxidation thing realize desulfurization, denitration or collect carbon dioxide with condensation liquefaction or curing mode, adopts the single level system mixed processing or adopts multilevel system to remove successively by the different physical propertys of the different condensation points of each composition in the flue gas respectively.
Power system is bled in injection can be through the valve regulated load, and perhaps final stage is sprayed and adopted adjustable nozzle, and adjustable nozzle is the comparative maturity in the air breathing engine field at least, also can run into gas turbine.Also can adopt two groups of capacity that vary in size to spray the power system of bleeding is that a gas-turbine provides heat power; Spray the power system start and stop state of bleeding through two groups and realize coarse adjustment; Add that final stage adjustable nozzle and fuel adjusting realize fine tuning, can realize system's operation of high efficiency adjusting on a large scale basically.
The present invention is the basis innovation, and is applied widely, is not limited to the said scope of embodiment.
Claims (11)
1. a thermal procession is adopted and is sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding; Belong to heat energy and fluid dynamical process; Power gas source is realized mixed flow after spraying the extract system suction airstream, it is characterized in that: spray extract system and adopted single-stage to spray air suction mode or composite injection air suction mode; So-called composite injection air suction mode is meant that spraying extract system has adopted one or more levels cyclic spray air suction mode, has perhaps adopted series connection and parallel connection and has circulated three kinds and sprayed the mode that two or three in the air suction mode combines.
2. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding, and it is characterized in that: the single-stage in single-stage sparger or the composite injection device is sprayed and has been adopted one of following structure,
(1) multiinjector structure;
(2) mix and diffusion process employing straight tube structure replacement hollow throat type pantograph structure;
(3) rotary flow type is sprayed the structure of bleeding, and increases guide vane;
(4) structure of any two or three combination in above three kinds of structures.
3. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and is sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding; It is characterized in that: form power gas source by liquefied air or liquid oxygen and liquid fuel burning, perhaps Working medium gas is compressed the machine compression back of boosting or be liquefied and boosts and evaporate through heating power and becomes power gas source; Perhaps the low temperature power gas source heats up through the combustion chambers burn of pressure is arranged, and perhaps heats up through spraying extract system suction combustion gas or other hot gas; Perhaps realize plasma discharge or plasma electromagnetism eddy current effect heat temperature raising through electric power; Perhaps adopt the heat exchanger heat temperature raising, perhaps adopted two or more above-mentioned temperature-rising methods simultaneously.
4. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding, and it is characterized in that: power gas source is realized one of following purposes at least through spraying extract system:
(1) is used for heating power air inducing or heating power air blast;
(2) for water resource heat pump or refrigeration system provide the power of bleeding, be user's heat supply after spraying extract system and extracting steam and dynamic air-flow the mixings diffusion in the water source container, perhaps extract the interior steam of water source container out and the water source is lowered the temperature become cold water and low-temperature receiver is provided for the user;
(3) for providing, single-action or multi-effect distillation system spray the compression power of bleeding;
(4) for the turbine unit provides power gas source, the final stage cyclic spray is bled and is extracted atmosphere or tail gas of gas turbine or preposition gas-turbine exhaust, perhaps extracts other system and comes gas;
(5) become Air Breathing Engine System for jet pipe provides source of the gas, the final stage cyclic spray is bled and is extracted atmosphere or top turbine exhaust or the exhaust of extracting air liquefaction system, perhaps extracts other system and comes gas.
5. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and is sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding; It is characterized in that: the working medium air pipe or the container of liquefaction have adopted the frost prevention heater; Its heating pipe line or container are made up of inner and outer pipes or container suit; Seal gas up for safekeeping between the inside and outside interlayer, changed pressure or its coefficient of heat transfer of flow speed control of sealing gas up for safekeeping through control system.
6. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and is sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding; Being used for air breathing engine is that mobile device provides power, it is characterized in that: the jet pipe injection direction that sprays the air exhausting type air breathing engine is arranged in the surface of mobile device or is arranged in wing plate surface composition jet surface aerodynamic force system.
7. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 6 is adopted and sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding, and it is characterized in that: the jet surface power system has increased the control jet-stream wind and has formed jet surface and water conservancy diversion group shot through the conducting element of the flow direction behind the jeting surface.
8. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 6 is adopted and sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding, and it is characterized in that: mobile device provides power by one group of perhaps many group jet surface and conducting element system and through control system power gas source is distributed and the control of conducting element and then the mobile status of controlling mobile equipment.
9. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 1 is adopted and is sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding; Be used for positive displacement Pneumatic water pump or other positive displacement pneumatic system; It is characterized in that: the injection extract system is controlled to be diaphragm pump or other twin or many vessel volumes formula pneumatic system through valve and replaces air feed, and replaces evacuation container residual air.
10. a kind of thermal procession as claimed in claim 9 is adopted and sprayed the power-economizing method of bleeding, and it is characterized in that: air exhausting type Pneumatic water pump or air pump system press liquid metal or other magnetic fluid gets into the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator generating through spraying.
11. swirl injection type refrigerating method; The cryogenic fluid source of the gas is through the decompression refrigeration that expands; It is characterized in that: power system adopts the mode of thermal injection air suction mode or machinery type or the two combination to make between low temperature source of the gas and the rotary flow type gas-liquid separator and produces pressure difference; The low temperature source of the gas through nozzle tangentially jet get into the atomizing of expanding in the rotary flow type gas-liquid separator; Form eddy flow simultaneously and realize after the gas-liquid separation that condensed fluid stays in the gas-liquid separator residual gas and discharge from outlet pipe, in outlet pipe or exhaust pipe mouth the guiding eddy flow has been installed is the fluid director or the guide vane of direct current, realized one of following purposes at least:
(1) is used for low temperature source of the gas liquefaction or dehumidifying, adopts single-stage or liquefy at power system different pressures section multi-stage refrigerating;
(2) be used for the electric power energy storage; Adopting motor compressor is that swirl injection refrigeration type air liquefaction system provides power; Perhaps adopting electric power plasma discharge or plasma electromagnetism eddy current effect to be heated to be the injection extract system provides heat power and then for swirl injection refrigeration type air liquefaction system power is provided, and realizes energy storage through producing liquefied air.
(3) be used for open type refrigeration or heat pump cycle; Air gets into the swirl injection type refrigeration system as the low temperature source of the gas through nozzle and produces liquefied air; Boosted by thermal evaporation to become to spray the initial driving force source of the gas of extract system by liquefied air, is that low-temperature receiver is provided is that the external world provides thermal source by spraying air ejector outlet exhaust in the external world by the liquefied air evaporating heat exchanger;
(4) be used for enclosed refrigeration or heat pump cycle; A gas working medium part of spraying the discharge of extract system gets into the swirl injection type refrigeration system as the low temperature source of the gas; Another part gets into compressor and is compressed back entering condensing heat exchanger; The liquefaction working medium that rotary flow type refrigeration system and condensing heat exchanger are produced gets into evaporating heat exchanger, and liquefaction working medium is boosted by thermal evaporation to become the power gas source that sprays extract system, is that low-temperature receiver is provided is that the external world provides thermal source by condensing heat exchanger in the external world by evaporating heat exchanger;
(5) be used for desalination of sea water or other fluid purification; Adopt swirl injection type refrigeration and cyclone separator combination to realize that the liquid evaporation condensing type purifies; Power gas source is introduced into cyclone separator and produces eddy flow; Increase the stoste spray system and in cyclone separator, spray into stoste and get into eddy flow, the mixed airflow of separating from cyclone separator gets into the swirl injection refrigeration system through nozzle, makes that stoste vapor condensation separated and collected is a purified solution in the mixed airflow;
(6) be used for gas cleaning; Flue gas gets into the swirl injection refrigeration system and realizes flue gas dehumidifying, dedusting through the appropriateness refrigeration and make the gaseous oxidation thing realize desulfurization, denitration or collect carbon dioxide with condensation liquefaction or curing mode, adopts the single level system mixed processing or adopts multilevel system to handle respectively.
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| CN201210165823.0A CN102797515B (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-25 | Method for saving energy through injection air suction in thermodynamic process |
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| CN201110140232 | 2011-05-27 | ||
| CN2011101402323 | 2011-05-27 | ||
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| CN201110252539.2 | 2011-08-30 | ||
| CN201110252539 | 2011-08-30 | ||
| CN2011102525392 | 2011-08-30 | ||
| CN201110452528 | 2011-12-23 | ||
| CN2011104525289 | 2011-12-23 | ||
| CN201110452528.9 | 2011-12-23 | ||
| CN201210165823.0A CN102797515B (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-25 | Method for saving energy through injection air suction in thermodynamic process |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102797515B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| WO2012163082A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
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