WO2014063443A1

WO2014063443A1 - Self-cooled thermal work doing method

Info

Publication number: WO2014063443A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/001277
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张玉良
Original assignee: Zhang Yuliang
Priority date: 2012-10-22
Filing date: 2013-10-22
Publication date: 2014-05-01
Also published as: CN103775148A

Abstract

A self-cooled thermal work dong method. A procedure in which a working substance of a thermal system doing work by absorbing heat from a heat source comprises a temperature rise process in which the working substance in a low-temperature state is pressurized and absorbs heat and becomes a dynamic gas source, an expansion-based work doing process in which the dynamic gas source enters an expansion-based work doing system, and a heat discharging process in which the low-temperature working substance continues to release heat after completing the expansion-based work doing process. A thermal cycle is realized after the temperature rise process, the expansion-based work doing process, the heat discharging process and the temperature rise process, the gas working substance completing the expansion-based work is heated or liquefied by using a heat pump process. When the heat is released in the heat pump process, a parameter of the temperature or the pressure of the working substance is less than a maximum parameter of a power source. Joint work is done in which the expansion-based work doing process absorbs part or all of the heat released in the heat pump process. In the backheating process, the heat discharged by the system is absorbed in the absorbing process of the system. A heat pump method by injecting a rotational flow to transfer heat, and an injection-based gas extraction method are further provided.

Description

Self-cooling thermal work method

The invention belongs to the field of thermal power.

Background technique

The second law of thermodynamics is that the basics of thermodynamics have never been passively shaken, but obeying its regular thermal work system must discharge heat from low-temperature heat sources and always cause huge energy waste. For example, the single-cycle work process has a thermal efficiency of only close to 50%, such as gas turbines. Thermal efficiency is less than 40%, although | | f'jij - there is no questionable report in the field of flow thermodynamics, this does not prevent people from exploring and thinking about it. Especially in today's environment where the energy crisis is seriously damaged, any possible breakthrough is very important. For the 3⁄4now·heat source to do some work - some solutions, unfortunately there are no practical cases, summed up the following several options, Π) using heat pump heat to make heat work in the expander, this A has been denied, reality The ideal anti-Carnot cycle is impossible to exist; (2) It is considered that the expansion process in the constant temperature process is more than the definite entropy process, and the reverse Carnot cycle refrigeration source or liquid working medium is used, and then the temperature expansion is performed, which is also determined by the law. Because tt, the thermal efficiency of the reversible cycle is equal to the Carnot cycle. (3) Using a heat pump to make a gas break. Ί: liquefaction, heat the heat pump through the heat recovery heat exchanger to heat the already liquefied working fluid, and then absorb the air through the liquid working medium to heat up into the expander to do work, which is also in reality. Unable to exist, the cause of the error Ί (1) is similar, and the heat exchanger cannot exchange heat without temperature difference. Even if it starts to work, it will eventually stop working because the cooling capacity is gradually reduced.

Nevertheless, there are several situations in which it is possible to work on a single heat source. First, the above scheme does not consider the heat pump process and the expansion work process. The smaller the temperature difference of the heat pump process is, the larger the heat coefficient is, and the larger the temperature difference is. Many, the main task of the heat pump should be to liquefy or cool the gas working fluid without the need for high-parameter heat removal, and not fully utilize the advantages of the heat pump. Second, the jet refrigeration technology can obtain supercooled liquid, which can produce liquefied gas with lower temperature than the saturated gas before liquefaction, which is beneficial to the continuous realization of regenerative heat transfer. Third, the traditional jet aspirator has a large flow loss due to the existence of the throat zoom structure, and its structure and performance have great improvement in space, plus a simple non-rotating member and the working medium is heated by the liquid pumping force. The power consumption compression work is the smallest, that is, there is a large room for improvement in the performance of the jet pumping refrigeration technology. Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to greatly improve the efficiency of the work of heat, and even the work of a single heat source.

The technical scheme of the invention: the heat system completes the discharge heat Q ₂ after the work is completed by the heat pump with the lowest possible parameter recovery, and the heat pump discharge heat absorbs the compression work after being absorbed by the expansion work process, and finally absorbs the heat absorption process of the working medium through the heat recovery cycle. Qi, so that the thermal system absorbs heat from the heat source to reduce Q2 under the same thermal cycle, so that some or all of the Q _{2 is} only circulated inside the system without discharging to the outside, maximizing the thermal efficiency.

The specific scheme is that the working fluid of the thermal system absorbs heat from the heat source, including the heating process of the working medium from the low temperature state to the heat source, the expansion process of the power source after entering the expansion working system, and the completion. The low-temperature gas working fluid that expands the work (the low-temperature gas working medium that uses air as the working medium is the air that is inhaled from the environment). The heat-dissipating process of releasing heat is performed, and the thermal system performs work from the heating process and the expansion. After the process to the heat removal process, it will heat up again. After the process, the thermodynamic cycle process is realized, which is characterized in that: the working medium absorbs heat from the heat source of the dry ambient temperature (such as fuel combustion or waste heat or geothermal heat and solar heat), or heat source from or below ambient temperature (for example) The heat source in the natural environment, such as air or lake water, absorbs the heat; the thermal system; the process of absorbing heat from the low-temperature gas working medium in the process of absorbing heat in the process of heat removal, and the expansion of the mountain is done by R into ι^Ί ΐ ΐ 做做做做过程过程吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收吸收做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做做Do work over w or exhaust heat or: - Du Fu, | 1 hot low temperature end w warmed up or heat over 3⁄4 endothermic T quality or both are hot, W | heat through W from the end of the ϋ (ϋ low temperature end heat transfer Satisfy Q2 recovery and recycling. The essence of the overall scheme is that the internal heat of the thermal system is still ^ / low temperature cycle, liij externally, to make a part or part of the rt. The heat achieves a large heat-catching effect. JK ^1, cycle:! 'made can be understood as: thermal After the consumption power W _P during heat absorption and heat emission Q2 heat production Q ₂ + W _P system enters work expansion work W _P, the balance of the heat Q ₂ 0 is warmed by absorbing heat exchanger process, so this should be sucked from the heat source The hot working temperature heating process only needs to absorb Q-Q.-Q2 from the heat source, because the work is also Q Q2, so the W=Q thermal efficiency is 1 without the need to discharge heat from the cold source to achieve a single heat source work. Good heat recovery cycle, ^ less n3⁄4 theory. [^ Cold heat cycle can use heat pump to automatically create a cold source below ambient temperature, can absorb heat from the gas to become a pure engine.

In general, the expansion work system absorbs the heat pump and releases the heat. 3⁄4}3⁄4 The heat exchanger heats up or directly absorbs its enamel. The heat process can be expanded by the mountain. W 1 Connect the power supply or the power supply of the mountain gate to provide power.

When the cold type thermal work system adopts closed cycle work, the heat is 3⁄4, and the internal circulation does not absorb heat from the outside. The heat absorbed by the system is all external work, Jii J - 'T'. . : '1 using the 幵-type cycle to do external work, 1 ⁽ 1 cold-type thermal work system can achieve exhaust heat: personal ten from the environment to absorb heat rniiu equivalent to * to the environment to heat, Hi in the single heat source work, one Special case ^ U Refrigeration into heating system, only / internal compression ¹ j expansion work 3⁄4, its external output heat is equal to the absorption of heat from the heat source _. ι; 3⁄4 transport ΐ 不 does not strictly follow the single - · heat source work [^ Cold-type thermal work, especially in the beginning of the cycle, ι'ί makes the system work.

A jet-type heat exchange heat pump method is proposed. The working fluid absorbs heat from a low-temperature environment or a low-temperature working medium through expansion work, and is characterized by: a cyclone structure is adopted for a heat exchange unit that absorbs heat in a low-temperature environment or a low-temperature working medium. The heat absorbing medium is injected tangentially or obliquely into the cyclone through the nozzle jet. After high-speed jet cooling, it absorbs heat through the wall of the cyclone and the external working medium or environment, and then enters the exhaust pipe for discharge. Or the method of diverting the flow force of the pumping force of the Chuanchuan ,, the heat exchanger adopts a heat exchanger composed of a heat exchange unit or one or more heat exchangers of the Chuanchuan, such as; {1 parallel combination .

The heat pump of a cold-type thermal work system can be used to heat the heat pump or to use a jet-cooling process or a steam-cooling process or a compression-cooling process: I: mass reduction or liquefaction, or The jet-swirl heat exchange heat pump and the helium are used (the kind of cooling or liquefaction process of the working fluid is one of the group's.) The pumping refrigeration or the pumping refrigeration process makes a part of the working fluid liquefied and will inevitably lead to another - part of the gas refrigerant enthalpy plus ffl fi, ^ by expanding the flow after the temperature rises to a so-called jet cooling effect of the heat pump through the power system the heat pump means lemma [Hugh: I: ¹ j qualitative difference between the pressure of the condenser, the condenser mining. Chuan has a jet cyclone separation method, a jet cyclone has adopted a sluice structure or a casing with a built-in drum structure, and a cold gas working medium (here, a W that is cooled or nearly saturated with a saturated skin to achieve injection) The liquefied gas working medium is sprayed into the jet cyclone in a tangential direction to realize jet liquefaction and gas-liquid separation, and the non-condensed gas is discharged from the outlet. The condenser is condensed by single or multiple series or series-parallel combination. Gas out "1 channel adopts straight-through mode or use increase The method of collecting the flow of the swirling force; the so-called extraction steaming process means that the heat pump power system extracts the vapor in the evaporation chamber to maintain the evaporation chamber in a supercooled state, and the supercooled liquid working medium and the liquefaction cause the gas working medium to be exchanged through the heat exchanger. Heat or directly pumped into the condenser through a circulation pump to cool and liquefy the cold gas working fluid. Part of the liquid working medium in the condenser enters the evaporation chamber through the throttling passage or nozzle to realize the circulating liquefaction process; the compressed cooling and liquefaction process refers to gas The process of heat recovery and cooling or liquefaction by the heat exchanger after the temperature is reduced, that is, the heat generated by the heat pump effect is absorbed by the heat exchanger. The thermal process can produce 3⁄4 critical conditions for cooling (or lower liquid or gas working fluids, working for a closed cycle single heat source, L: 屮 mining / Τ) jet refrigeration process or extraction steam process in circulation A 3⁄4 plus heat exchanger is required between the working fluids to ensure that the low temperature gas source reaches the required parameters.

The expansion work system or the heat pump system W uses a jet helium gas to provide a power source or pumping power for the expander to create a nozzle or a hot 3⁄4 system, which reduces the cost and simplifies the system. This proposes a new injection enthalpy system. The injection helium system 3⁄4 uses a staged ejector pumping, or a single-stage or multi-stage cyclic jet pumping, or a combination of cycle or parallel connection or cycle and series. Combined jet pumping in parallel; the nozzle of the same stage of the jet pumping system adopts a single nozzle distribution or a multi-nozzle distribution, and the injection method adopts a direct current or a swirling flow or an oblique swirling flow between the two, the jet and the jet The diffuser tube adopts a straight tube structure or a single-stage or multi-stage circulating ejector jet and a diffuser tube adopts a throat type zoom structure. The so-called cyclic jet pumping refers to the air source after the pumping and pumping process of each stage of pumping and pumping, and the final stage pumping pumping is the exhaust of the heat power conversion device after the expansion work. Or its gas source, realize the cycle of pumping gas to the wood level, and the single-stage cycle jet pumping directly extracts the 1⁄2 gas after the expansion of the heat work. The principle of the cyclic jet pumping power system; ^ Yes, regardless of the foot cycle, the system is drained (and the gas source is extracted, the power source is drawn into the pumped source and the pump is pumped into the air source.) Process, ^Parameter power ^ source / work over W 屮 parameter reduction in exchange for high quality flow increase and do not decline in function, that is, power is not reduced, through; I; joint ^ parallel and cyclic jet pumping

High parameters and high efficiency operation.

The invention also proposes a single-stage multi-cycle bad jet pumping method, wherein the power source feeds the nozzle to extract a low gas source, and the characteristic is: the jet pumping process adopts a multi-stage injection multi-cycle mode, the circulation pipeline iiS The scoop tube passing through one end of the ejector receives a part of the high-speed airflow to generate a punching or a rushing flow is adopted at one end by a tangential opening inside the ejector to receive a part of the high-speed airflow, and the other end is circulated by the jet suction, and the spraying method adopts a direct current or a swirling method. The flow or the oblique swirl of the I'nJ between the two, the structure adopts the built-in or external or internal and external combination of the circulation pipeline: the nozzle distribution adopts a single nozzle distribution or a multi-nozzle distribution. The multi-stage injection multi-cycle method avoids repeated compression and injection of the working fluid, which simplifies the structure and improves the internal circulation efficiency.

A typical self-cooling thermal system 丌-type cycle is a gas-powered system. The fuel provides a heat source for the system working fluid in the combustion chamber and oxidant combustion, and can be used as a swell-exhaust pumping system expander or a nozzle to expand the work system. The power gas source first enters the circulating jet pumping system and then enters the expander or the spray mountain circulating jet pumping system to provide the fairy pump power or the compressed air power for the heat pump system, or uses the system waste heat for the working fluid cold liquefaction or reduction process. Thermal power.

The liquid working medium boosts the heat absorption to become the power source. The thermal boosting method refers to the thermal boosting container. When the discharge flow rate is restricted or sealed, the pressure will rise significantly to achieve heating. Boost, which can reduce the internal power consumption of the self-cooling thermal system, can be combined with a hydraulic pump or a combination of 3⁄4 boost and thermal boost.

The self-cooling thermal work method can do the work of a single heat source. The objective h proves that there is an error in the second thermodynamics, which is at least one-sided and will have an important impact on thermodynamics. It can be summarized as follows: (1) System Internal heat work The process "cold source" is a must, but the heat source can be created by a heat pump [3⁄4 cold". The external cold source is not necessary. The overall thermal cycle system can be independent of the second law of thermodynamics to achieve a single heat source. (2) The system does the functional heat source temperature and the system pressure and the physical properties of the working medium. The ambient air or water resources have approximate constant temperature heat, which is available energy. The air energy engine can be fully realized, and the pure air energy engine heat is received. The environment is ultimately bound to be released into the environment without affecting the environment. (3) Whether using air energy or traditional energy work, the maximum thermal efficiency is 1, which theoretically decreases infinitely close to 1 as the boiling point of the selected working fluid decreases. (4) Gas contains both heat generated by fuel chemical energy and air heat. If air heat is not included in the heat source, the fuel engine's fuel thermal efficiency may be greater than one. (5) The heat pump process power consumption (or energy consumption) is a must for a single heat source work system. Even if the system is insulated from the external environment, at least the internal working fluid flow loss will increase the internal heat pump power consumption. The thermal system can absorb heat from a single heat source. It is completely converted into work but it is impossible to affect the external environment and internal heat pump power consumption at the same time. (6) Under the same thermal system condition, the work of a single heat source is to circulate Q2 within the system without discharging it outward. The heat efficiency is increased by reducing the heat absorbed from the heat source, but the power output of the system cannot be increased.

This early. The concept of working gas or gas involved is a broad concept of various single or mixed gaseous working fluids including air, flue gas, steam, wet air and fluorotrope. Expander refers to including gas turbines and A screw expander and other equipment that expands the working fluid to perform external work. The invention is based on the patent application CN201210165823.0 (3⁄4 PCT/CN2012/000724, the same content), and the scope of the invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments. Advantages of the invention:

1. A new method of self-cooling thermal work is proposed, which not only can greatly improve the thermal efficiency but also achieve a single heat source work, has good 3⁄4 utility, can be used in any energy power system, and the air energy engine will be widely used. .

2. Proposed a variety of low-parameter heat pump cycle gas working fluid liquefaction scheme, the liquid working temperature obtained is always lower than the temperature before liquefaction, which creates conditions for increasing the low-temperature heat recovery heat exchanger, indicating that the thermal system can be completely Creating a low-temperature heat source does not require an external environment to provide the most critical problem for a single heat source.

3. The use of the circulating jet pumping power system for thermal expansion work and the liquefaction of the gas working fluid for jet or extraction refrigeration creates the advantages of high efficiency and low wood formation, which can adapt to the high parameters provided by any system and can solve the small unit. The serious volume loss problem of the thermal system has the advantage of no rotating parts, and it is easy to achieve isothermal expansion or reheat expansion in the process of absorbing air heat expansion work, so that the self-cooling thermal system including the air energy engine has good practicability. The traditional gas thermodynamic cycle can improve the temperature environment of the turbine rotor while satisfying high parameters and high efficiency.

4. The thermal boosting method is used to make the thermal system rotate less or even without rotating mechanical work, and achieve no power consumption, and it has better practicability in small air units such as air conditioners.

5. Compressed air forced air heat exchange, not only avoids the heat exchanger frosting caused by low temperature working fluid, but also can improve the initial parameters to reduce the volume of the thermal system, increase the power output, and make the air work system especially air. The practical performance of the engine has been greatly improved.

6. The invention also proposes a combination of a jet swirl heat exchange heat pump and a compression refrigeration type temperature liquefaction method, which can realize the liquefaction of the working medium under high pressure and temperature, so that the system can avoid the problems of dehumidification and frosting, and is more optimized and practical. Other areas of industrial heat exchange are also important.

7. It is proposed to use a plunger pump and a screw pump or other high-pressure positive displacement pump for liquid chemical boosting, which will be proposed in the gas turbine system. The combustion chamber is arranged in the process of the composite jet pumping expansion work system to avoid directly withstanding the highest pressure of the working fluid, which clears the obstacle for the engine to pursue the high parameter, high efficiency and high power limit.

8. A new method for gas liquefaction is provided. When the working temperature of the cooling and heating system is 3⁄4 air, the liquefaction ratio can be reduced to output liquefied air or liquid nitrogen.

9. The present invention will contribute to energy conservation and consumption reduction in the industrial and civil sectors, and is generally extremely important for energy development. DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a closed self-cooling thermal power cycle.

2 is a schematic view of a jet cyclone in an injection refrigeration liquefaction system.

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the jet cyclone with the drum added.

Figure 4 is a graph of six temperature entropies for the self-cooling thermal work process.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the self-cooling thermal work cycle in parallel with the liquefaction process.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a self-cooling thermal power cycle in parallel with the liquefaction process of extraction steam and the process of doing work.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a ^ or multi-stage through-tube jet aspirator.

Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of a split type multi-stage series circulating jet pumping system using a reheating method and a gas turbine. Fig. 8B is a schematic view showing the K-mode of the split type jet air extractor.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a series of parallel and cyclic combined composite ejector aspirator.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single-stage injection multi-cycle jet aspirator built into the circulation line.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single-stage multi-cycle jet aspirator with a combination of internal and external circulation.

Figure 1 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single-stage multi-cycle jet aspirator external to the circulation line.

Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of two internal stampings for a single-stage, multi-cycle injector.

Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of the lateral pumping mode of a single stage multi-cycle injector.

Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a jet cyclone heat exchanger.

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a self-cooling engine using a multi-stage multi-cycle injector and compression-cooled cooling.

Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of a self-cooling engine employing a multi-stage, multi-cycle injector and compression-cooled refrigeration.

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a self-cooling engine using a compressor and compression-cooled cooling.

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine system in a jet pumping system in a jet pumping system.

Figure 20 is a schematic view of the combustion chamber cloth S in the circulation pipe of the jet pumping system.

Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a self-cooling thermodynamic cycle using thermal boosting.

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a self-cooling thermodynamic cycle for cooling or heating. detailed description

Embodiment 1, closed self-cooling thermodynamic cycle:

As shown in Figure 1, the closed-type self-cooling thermodynamic cycle uses a jet refrigeration liquefaction system 101 to achieve gas refrigerant heat liquefaction, using a cyclic jet aspirator 109 and a gas turbine unit 10 (or other type of expander). The expansion work system is combined to provide pumping and jetting power to the refrigeration liquefaction system. The working fluid can generally be air, nitrogen, C02 or lower boiling point. The gas such as the mouse M may also be a high boiling point gas such as water vapor. According to the flow direction of the working medium indicated by the arrow, the liquid working medium generated by the refrigerating and liquefying system 101 is boosted by the pump 103, and the heat is absorbed by the regenerative heat exchangers 104, 105 and 106, and then absorbed by the heater 108 to absorb the heat of the heat source. Evaporation or gasification (below the critical temperature is called evaporation supercritical called gasification) ^ degree into ^ rise into a power source. The power gas source enters the expansion work system, that is, the circulating jet air extractor 109 and the gas turbine 1 1 0 work to discharge the low temperature gas working medium, and the low temperature gas working medium is cooled by the heat recovery heat exchanger to become a cold gas working medium (cold gas working medium) This 3⁄4 refers to a gas working medium that can be sprayed and liquefied by cooling to a saturated or near-saturated temperature. Hereinafter, the cold gas working fluid is injected into the jet cyclone 101 through the nozzle 14 (also as a jet refrigeration liquefier or condensation). The inner part is condensed and liquefied and separated by gas and liquid. The liquid working medium enters the lower storage tank 102, and the pump 103 is pressurized from the pipeline below the storage tank to start a new heat cycle. The uncondensed cold gas passes back from the upper outlet pipe. The heat exchanger 105 absorbs the heat of the low-temperature gas discharged from the system, and then is heated by the flow-through diffuser 1 13 to be pumped away by the circulating jet aspirator 109 (the regenerative heat exchanger is connected by a dotted line on the left and right sides). The heat transfer relationship and heat transfer direction are independent of the heat exchanger structure. The following figures are similar to the dotted line unless otherwise specified. The regenerative heat transfer should ensure that the temperature of the gas working fluid drops enough to become the cold air source needed for the refrigeration liquefaction, and at the same time reduce the heat source consumption to improve the thermal efficiency. The heat exchange amount can be selected according to the needs, and should be as far as possible to achieve the exhaust heat all the regenerative cycle work, heat recovery The heat exchanger can be used in series or parallel Α κ according to the flow force of the low-temperature gas working medium, or it can be arranged in series with each other. The heat recovery heat transfer is added to satisfy the liquefaction of the working fluid as much as possible. The specific needs may not be limited to the layout. The valve 1 1 1 and the valve 1 12 are used to adjust the ratio of the work of the gas turbine to the load of the refrigeration liquefaction system. The overall work capacity of the thermal system is generally adjusted by the mountain pump 103, and is also adjusted to match the heat load of the heater 108.

It should be noted that the jet aspirator 109 is generally indicated for all types of jet extractors, and is not limited to the single-nozzle three-stage circulation structure shown. A similar heater 108 indicates any heating mode, such as boiler heating, residual heat heating, High-temperature equipment cools the heat, radiates solar energy, uses the atmosphere or sea water to heat it, and uses the atmosphere as a heat source to become an air-energy engine. In addition, FIG. 1 shows a closed cycle, which can increase the external heat sink or external heat dissipation heat pump in the exhaust gas working channel to be a self-cooling thermal cycle that is partially discharged to the outside of the system, or can be drawn in the drawing according to the need. The Κ or Κ 2 or point on the road or discharge line is separated into an open cycle.

2 is a jet swirler in an injection refrigeration liquefaction system, wherein A is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the jet cyclone, B is a schematic diagram of a nozzle tangential injection, a broken line indicates a jet flow direction, and C is a schematic diagram of a flow guiding device 121. The flow guiding device is mainly for changing the swirling flow into a linear flow to recover the swirling flow force and decelerating the diffusing pressure. The guiding vane may be a plurality of pieces or a volute diffusing "single piece" structure. The pumping and gas turbine exhaust of the jet aspirator 109 causes a gas pressure to generate a pressure difference inside and outside the condenser, and the low-temperature gas working fluid is injected into the cyclone through the nozzle 1 14 to achieve jet cooling and liquefaction. The gas and liquid are separated, and the uncondensed gas is discharged from the outlet pipe 123. The cyclone separator can be used in a single or multiple series or parallel manner, and the straight through structure in the outlet passage or the flow guiding diffuser 121 is used to recover and utilize the cyclone power reduction. Small refrigeration liquefaction system resistance. The condensed liquid working medium is collected and collected in the storage tank 102, and the swirling flow is increased by the flow guiding diffuser 122.

The inside of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3, in which the main shaft casing 13 1 and the rotating drum 132 are formed, and the upper and lower ends of the rotating drum extend outwardly and the short shafts are respectively supported by the upper and lower grid brackets of the outer casing (using a grid type) The bracket is for the convenience of airflow.) The cryogenic liquid medium is sprayed from the nozzles on both sides of the casing and passes through the gap of the drum side grid to tangentially enter the inside of the drum to generate a swirling flow. And driving the drum to rotate, the swirling flow is gradually moved downward and then spirally ascending from the intermediate outlet passage, and the jet cyclone flows out from the upper side grid gap of the rotating drum and the outer casing outlet passage 133 in the outer casing outlet passage, the support grid The 133 can be designed to be combined with a guide vane into a -3⁄4 structure. The separated liquid working fluid flows downward from the inner wall of the rotor downward from the gap of the lower side of the drum and the gap of the lower side of the grid. The addition of the rotating drum can greatly reduce the resistance of the jet cyclone, and can fully utilize the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple and reliable injection cooling, and the magnetic suspension bearing can better adapt to the jet and high speed.

In order to explain the principle of the self-cooling thermal work method, the temperature entropy diagram shown in Fig. 4A is used to approximate the cycle process, the outer ring represents the Carnot cycle (ie, the work cycle), and the inner ring represents the reverse card. Connaught cycle (ie heat pump cycle), three dashed small boxes represent the three heat exchange processes of the heat pump cycle and the fsj of the work cycle, ! ^ Corresponding to the initial temperature or heat source temperature of the system power source, T ₂ corresponds to the condensation temperature, and the internal and external circulation shown in the figure is not completely closed to clearly indicate the transfer process of Q ₂ throughout the cycle. Heat pump power consumption W _P absorbs heat process heat Q ₂ generates heat of Q2+W _P into the expansion work system to do work W _P , the remaining heat Q2 is absorbed by the heat absorption process through the heat recovery heat exchanger, so the wood should be from the heat source Endothermic (^) The heating process only needs to absorb heat from the heat source Q=Qi-Q2, because the work is also Qi-Q2, so the W=Q thermal efficiency is 1 without the need to exhaust heat to the cold source, to achieve a single heat source work. Explain that as long as the heat recovery is solved, at least in theory, the self-cooling thermodynamic cycle can use heat pump to create a cold source below ambient temperature. The heater (including the reheater) can absorb various special heat sources such as gas and various kinds. Residual heat and solar radiation, etc., are pure air energy engines only when absorbing air energy. When the regenerative heat exchanger is distributed as shown in Figure 1, corresponding to B in Figure 4, all Q ₂ needs to be recovered to increase the initial temperature Τ Increase the exhaust gas working temperature T3, set the minimum reheating temperature to meet the needs of a single heat source for work. ι, working fluid condensation temperature Τ, latent heat R, liquid H medium heat ratio C, exhaust gas working medium constant pressure Specific heat CP, there is

Q2 only has latent heat of vaporization, then there is

T 4 = R / C+T2 (2 )

The low-temperature condensing pressure is a large atmospheric pressure, and the working fluid is nitrogen gas with a formula of (1). The temperature is 263K (-10Γ). For an air-energy engine, because the ambient air temperature is limited, the reheater can be added in Figure 5. 221 corresponds to the reheat expansion (or isothermal expansion) shown in C of Fig. ₄ as much as possible so that Τ3 is larger than Τ4. For the Rankine cycle shown in D of Figure 4, there is an evaporative endotherm that can control Τ4 to or near the evaporating temperature, and Β denotes an entropy-expanded air-energy engine, which can be used in Figure 6. The regenerative heat exchange mode is shown, that is, in order to satisfy the heat recovery process from the expansion work process that absorbs the heat of the heat pump. For the steam reheat cycle of Ε in Figure 4, the condensing pressure at a low temperature is one atmosphere. The formula ( ₄ is about 910K (637°C), which is beyond ΤΊ (55CTC for general thermal power units). The scheme of reducing the number of reheat cycles is equivalent to reducing R. In Fig. 4, F denotes a circulation mode in which the thermal circulation discharge working medium is cooled by compression cooling to a low-temperature compressed gas without liquefaction, and a constant temperature or a constant entropy expansion process may be employed, and the expansion work process may be used to heat back to the heat absorption process.

As shown in C in Fig. 4, the heat pump process is indicated by a broken line. The heat pump exhaust gas separated by the jet cyclone liquefaction process can directly reach the temperature of T5 by diversion and diffusion, if it is preheated by heat recovery. To the temperature of T ₄ corresponding to the re-flow and diffusion, the temperature of the TV can be reached. After entering the expansion work system, the temperature of the expanded working medium is increased, and the temperature is increased. One of the characteristics of the ring-jet expansion work is that the heat of the final-stage absorption heat pump is automatically uploaded with the cycle injection step by step, which is especially beneficial to the step-by-step iHl heat of the iil cold work cycle, which ensures the heat recovery requirement of the single heat source work. In fact, the circulating jet pumping system provides the pumping power for the thermal system at the final stage. The heat pump process obviously consumes only a part of the power of the power source. The heat pump exhaust gas reaches the T5吋 and can directly go to the endothermic process. Reheating is not absorbed by the first expansion process, and at least part of the heat pump exhaust can be made. In order to satisfy the single-heat source work heat recovery requirement as much as possible, the heat pump exhaust gas working medium can also absorb the heat of the partial expansion work process to increase the heat recovery temperature. However, the heat pump heat recovery to the heat absorption process will reduce the system output power, and the general shaft power reduction is WP. In summary, any conventional thermal power cycle can always recover Q2 through a suitable expansion process, heat pump process and heat recovery process, and then achieve a single heat source work.

In addition, unlike the embodiment in which the expander and the working fluid cooling liquefaction system of Fig. 1 are connected in series, the parallel connection between Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is advantageous for enhancing the cooling power. Figure 6 uses a steam extraction refrigeration liquefaction system. The mountain circulation jet extraction system extracts the vapor in the evaporation chamber to maintain the supercooled state. The supercooled liquid working fluid is pumped into the condenser 218 through the circulation pump 215 to spray and mix the gas. The low-temperature gas working fluid discharged by the turbine is cooled and liquefied by the cold gas working medium cooled by two sets of parallel regenerative heat exchangers, and part of the liquid working medium in the condenser enters the evaporator through the throttling channel or nozzle 217 to realize the circulating liquefaction process. The circulation 逍 is changed to the nozzle ^The swirling flow is beneficial. The increase of the circulating pump inlet static Hi fin energy saving. By adding the regenerative heat exchange to the cold gas working fluid which is to be introduced into the expansion work system during the heat pump process, the jet pumping power system and the refrigeration liquefaction system are well insulated, which is beneficial to the injection power. The system uses a constant temperature or reheat expansion process. The extraction liquid cooling also makes the obtained liquid working temperature always lower than the pre-liquefaction gas temperature, which ensures the continuous stable operation of the refrigerating liquefaction and the regenerative heat exchange. Although there is throttling loss, there is no jet swirling compared to the injection cooling. The resulting high speed flow loss.

In order to optimize the temperature, force and flow parameters before the liquefaction of the working fluid, an auxiliary jet aspirator 219 is added in front of the working fluid liquefaction system in the heat pump process, and the cold gas working medium first enters the auxiliary jet aspirator to extract the working fluid liquefaction system. After the gas working fluid, it enters the working fluid liquefaction system, and is also applicable to other heat pump working fluid liquefaction schemes. In addition, the working fluid liquefaction system can also adopt two or more series-parallel combinations, which can be selected according to specific conditions in practical applications.

In the self-cooling thermal system shown in Fig. 5, the heater 221 is added to the circulation line of the circulating jet pumping system to reheat. The reheating process or the isothermal process may be arranged in one of the following ways, (I) between the segmented expanders; (2) on the swirling casing of the composite jet pumping process; (3) during the jet pumping process Between two stages of injection; (4) on the circulation path of the cyclic jet pumping process; (5) combined in any two or more ways in h. Increasing the thermal efficiency or output capacity of the self-cooling thermal work system only needs to increase the initial parameter pressure and temperature, while the pure air energy engine can be used to work at a constant temperature heat source to increase the capacity by increasing the pressure to increase the temperature or reheat process. The large thermal system can be used. Multi-stage hydraulic pump boost, small thermal system uses a plunger pump or other positive displacement pump to increase pressure, and low-boiling gas working medium is beneficial to utilize air energy, such as air or nitrogen. The regenerative heat exchanger can be arranged in series or in parallel according to the flow direction of the low-temperature gas working medium, or can be arranged in series with each other. Generally, the countercurrent heat exchange should be used to reduce T ₄ as much as possible, and the regenerative heat transfer is increased to satisfy as much as possible. Q _{2 is} all reheated and meets the needs of working fluid liquefaction. According to the specific needs, the regenerative arrangement can be not limited.

In summary, the heat pump system can use the heat pump process to absorb some or all of the heat released by the low-temperature gas working medium during the heat-discharging process or to absorb the heat of the partial expansion process. The thermal system can be used for the expansion process or the expansion process. Absorbing part or all of the heat released by the heat pump process, the temperature or pressure of the thermal system working fluid that absorbs heat from the heat pump is not higher than the highest parameter of the power source; the heat system can adopt a regenerative process, and the regenerative high temperature exotherm has an expansion process. Or the heat removal process or both, the regenerative low temperature endothermic end has a heating process or a heat pump process endothermic working medium or both. Mode 2, new jet aspirator:

Figure 1, Figure 5 and Figure 6屮! The multi-stage circulating jet aspirator is different, as shown in Figure 7 is a straight-through tube swirling jet aspirator. The injection and diffuser process abandons the conventional throat scaling structure and adopts a straight-through tube (not limited to the same diameter). i can be gradually expanded or tapered. The method of swirl injection, where A represents a single-stage injection structure, B represents a porous injection schematic, C and D represent oblique swirl injection, wood tail has a flow guide, and E is a straight-through The tube is a multi-stage circulating jet aspirator.

8A is a split type multi-stage series circulating jet pumping system adopting a reheating mode combined with a gas turbine; the jet air extractor shown in FIG. 8B is arranged in a split-flow type, which can be at a high speed at a minimum temperature. The swirling state is heat exchanged with the outside world, and the cyclone structure is advantageous for adopting high-efficiency heat exchange structures and materials, such as corrugated or ribbed structures and high-strength aluminum alloy casings, etc., the overall process is beneficial to achieve similarity to isothermal expansion. Reheating the heat process. Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a combined injection aspirator in series parallel and cyclic combination, which can be used for high vacuum pumping and compression.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a single-nozzle multi-cycle jet aspirator built into a circulation line. The power gas source enters the nozzle from the nozzle 231. The circulation line 232 receives the high-speed airflow through the scoop tube to generate the stamping while the other end is sucked by the jet. To achieve circulating flow, the other Rj-like circulation lines are also subjected to high-speed punching through a scoop tube inside one end of the injector and by a jet stream at the other end (dotted arrows indicate airflow flow process), and finally through the exhaust pipe 233 The external low-pressure gas working medium is mixed and decelerated and then discharged from the outlet pipe 234. In the figure, the simplification only shows the one-side circulation, and the upper and lower double-side circulations may be used, or the same circumference may be used for the venting: multiple scooping cycles The nozzle jet method can be a single nozzle or a multi-nozzle jet, either a linear jet or a tangential swirl jet or an oblique swirl jet between the two, and the swirling tube 234 can be used. The flow diversion and expansion measures should be increased, and the swirling flow and the diversion flow are as shown in Β and C in Fig. 2 or the volute structure is adopted, which is beneficial to The heat exchange is also beneficial to reduce the resistance to the inner circulation pipeline. The nozzle structure in the circulation pipeline reduces the nozzle loss of repeated injection. Due to the simple structure, the jet or the rotation can be reduced by increasing the length, the diameter or the number of cycles. The loss of flow velocity facilitates the isothermal expansion process for achieving heat absorption directly from the outer casing. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a single-stage multi-cycle combined jet aspirator with a built-in and outer crust in the circulation line, and Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a single-stage multi-cycle jet aspirator externally to the circulation line, which is convenient for any stage. Loops and external connections increase application flexibility. In Fig. 13, Α and Β respectively indicate that each circulation line is punched by a high-speed airflow receiving a portion of the scoop tube inside the injector at one end or by a tangential opening at the end to receive a part of the high-speed airflow inside the injector, and the other end is subjected to stamping. Jet suction achieves a circulating flow. Figure 14 is a schematic view of the lateral pumping mode of the single-stage multi-cycle injector, which means that the single-stage multi-cycle jet air extractor can also increase the elbow pumping at the wood end and increase the direct flow of the deflector 315 to the rear jet. It can be used in the same way as a conventional jet aspirator.

The various embodiments of the induction jet pumping system can be divided into the following types. The jet pumping system adopts single-stage jet pumping, or adopts a multi-stage or multi-stage circulating jet pumping, or a gas supply mode from a power source. It can be divided into a composite jet pumping with cycle and series or parallel combination or cycle and series and parallel combination (as shown in Figure 9); the same nozzle of the jet pumping system adopts single nozzle split or multi-nozzle distribution, jetting The method adopts direct current (in line injection, general injection mode of ordinary injector) or swirling or oblique swirling between the two. The jet and diffuser adopt straight-through pipe structure or multi-stage circulating injector. The jet and expansion pipe adopts a throat type zoom structure, and the circulation mode can be divided into a single-stage injection single cycle. Ring (such as the cycle injector in Figure 1 only when the last stage pumping is used) or multi-stage injection multi-cycle (such as the composite injector of Figure 1) or single-stage injection multi-cycle (as shown in Figure 10 or 1 1) The structure adopts the circulation pipeline built-in (as shown in Figure 10) or external (such as the traditional injection method or Figure 14) or the internal and external combination (Figure 11).

Embodiment 3, self-cooling thermodynamic cycle using compression and cooling liquefaction:

Attached to the 13⁄4 1 5 two-jet swirling heat transfer method of the squirting heat transfer type heat transfer type, the working medium absorbs heat from the low temperature environment or the low temperature working medium by the expansion work, and the characteristics are: the heat exchange unit adopts the cyclone The structure, the heat absorbing medium is tangentially or obliquely entered into the cyclone through the nozzle jet, and the spraying process is similar to the jet swirling flow shown in FIG. 2, and the high-speed jet is cooled and then absorbs heat through the wall of the cyclone and the external working medium or environment. Then, it is discharged into the exhaust pipe, and a straight-through mode is adopted in the exhaust pipe or a deflector method that increases the recovery swirling force is adopted. The built-in exhaust pipe can reduce the volume, and the B exhaust pipe can be designed to reduce the resistance by large diameter. The heat exchange process can use a heat exchanger composed of a single heat exchange unit or use two or more heat exchange units. The heat exchangers can be combined in parallel. The low temperature working fluid or the ambient air flows in the direction of the dotted arrow through the peripheral channel of the cyclone to exchange heat with the internal working medium, and the periphery of the cyclone can also adopt a heat exchange diaphragm to increase the heat exchange area to replace the passage, and can pass the fan. Direct 3⁄4 working fluid or ambient air heat transfer, can also be heated by compressed hot gas or direct heat source.

W m 16 is a self-cooling; it air-powered jet power circulation system, compressors 34] and 342 and gas turbines 35. The shaft is operated, and the first stage compressor 341 and the secondary compressor 342 and the jet swirl type The heat exchanger 353 and the surface heat exchanger of the single-stage multi-cycle composite injector 347 constitute a two-stage compression heat pump system. Air is drawn from the compressor 341 into the system and is compressed into the ejector surface heat exchanger. After cooling, the 347 enters the secondary compressor 342 and compresses again, then enters the heat exchanger 353 and cools down again to achieve liquefaction. The liquefied air is boosted by the pump 354 and heated by the heater 346 to be heated to a power source to enter the single-stage multi-cycle ejector 347 for expansion work, and the air extracted from the suction line 348 is mixed and pressurized, and then discharged from the outlet pipe 349. Part of the power to the gas turbine 351 is to satisfy the operation of the compressor, and the rest is to generate jet power through the nozzle 350. The outer layer of the single-stage multi-cycle injector 347 employs a sandwich heat exchange structure, and the heating compressor 341 provides compressed hot air to form an approximately constant temperature expansion process inside the injector. Meanwhile, the heater 346 can also provide compressed hot air by the heating compressor 34. . It is also possible to use other heat sources such as gas-fired heaters 346 or 347 to become gas-powered engines.

As shown in FIG. 17, a jet air extractor 361 is used to replace the secondary compressor on the basis of FIG. 16, and the power source of the jet aspirator 361 is derived from the initial power source of the expansion work system. It can also come from a source of power in the process of expanding work. The refrigerating liquefied power gas source is connected in parallel with the gas turbine and is divided into two, one of which provides power to the nozzles of the two jet swirl heat exchange heat pumps through the line 363, and the second enters the jet swirl heat exchange heat pump through the line 364. 365 is cooled, and then the cooled working fluid is secondarily compressed by the jet aspirator 361, and the heat exchanger 362 is cooled for the secondary compression, and then the working medium enters the heat pump heat exchanger to continue cooling to achieve liquefaction. Compared with Figure 16, the biggest advantage is the use of a refrigeration power source to replace the primary compressor and the use of a jet aspirator to replace the secondary compressor to achieve a compressed coolant chemical quality.

This shows that the increased jet pumping system can either provide the compressed hot air for the heat exchanger that absorbs the heat of the air as shown in Fig. 16, or the compressed air source for the compressed cooling or liquefaction process. The cold jet pumping heat system can specifically supply compressed gas into an air pump system, and the heat generated by the compressed gas can be recovered by the system, and the heat generated by the conventional air pump compression cannot be recycled by the system.

As shown in FIG. 18, an air energy engine system, the heating compressor 372, the working fluid compressor 371, the high pressure expander 378, the low pressure expander 377, and the residual heat expander 376 work coaxially, according to the working direction of the working fluid. Quality compressor 371 Two jet swirl heat pumps 379 are disposed in front and rear, and the mountain low pressure expander 377 provides jet cooling power, and the air flow discharged by the heat pump process is recovered into the waste heat expander.卨The low-pressure expander adds a 3⁄4 heat exchanger, and the mountain heating DI reducer 372 supplies the hot air flow to the power source heater and the reheater through the heater 375, and the heated airflow from the heat exchanger enters the residual heat expansion. The machine 0 receives the expansion work, and the heating compressor can ensure that T1 is greater than T4, which is good for normal operation even in cold winters. The addition valve 374 can adjust the compression of the hot gas by controlling the external exhaust volume to achieve adjustment of the system operation and output power. Regardless of axial flow, centrifugal or positive displacement, compressors and expanders are very mature in the industrial field, either coaxially or independently, making it easy to implement simple and reliable engines, but compared to the cost of using a cyclic jet pumping system. high. Such an engine system can be started by adding liquid working medium as in the foregoing embodiments and heating. In addition, each of the examples in the embodiment adopts a two-stage cooling compression liquefaction mode, and a multi-stage cooling compression optimization scheme can also be adopted in practical applications. Further, the ^ example uses the pumping force after liquefaction, and in fact, it can be used for re-cooling or isothermal compression. The cycle process is as shown in Fig. 4F, and liquefaction is insufficient.

In air-energy engine systems or other self-cooling thermal systems, heat exchangers that absorb air heat use compressed hot air or forced air heat transfer, compressed hot air or forced air can be supplied by a mountain compressor or fan, or composite jet pumping Provided by the system. ^The heat transfer forced heat exchange can avoid the problem of frost on the surface of the heat exchanger during the heat absorption process of the liquefied gas. In fact, when the jet pumping system uses air as the working fluid, it can also extract the low temperature working fluid to provide a compressed air source for the compression cooling or liquefaction process, or specialize in the production of compressed air.

Embodiment 4, self-cooling gas engine:

Figure 19 shows a jet engine (or gas turbine) employing a self-cooling liquefaction process with a combustion chamber disposed within the composite jet aspirator 406, air and pressurized fuel (provided by the mountain line 405) for combustion absorption in the combustion chamber. The heat energy released by the combustion is expanded into a gas source of a gas turbine or a nozzle after circulating injection expansion in the composite injector. The jet refrigeration liquefaction system employs a two-stage series-connected jet cyclone liquefier, the mountain circulation jet degassers 404 and 403 respectively provide primary compressed air and secondary compressed air, and the circulatory jet air extractor 406 provides pumping for the liquefaction system. The aerodynamics completes the heat pump process, and the heater 402 absorbs heat from the combustion chamber and absorbs heat from the engine.

Since the temperature of the heat source generated by the gas power is much higher than the ambient temperature, the air liquefaction does not have to be lower than the ambient temperature, so a conventional compression cooling method can be used, for example, the cooling medium is not taken from the compressed gas source but directly through the line 408. The air, jet cyclone heat exchanger 409 can also be replaced with a conventional gas heat exchanger, but the result is that the air liquefaction system is relatively bulky. It is also possible to pass the cooling water through the line 408 by a conventional water cooling method, and the jet air extractor 406 can recover the heat of the cooling water by extracting the steam in the cooling water tank by the combined jet pumping method.

The thermal system can provide heat source for the system working fluid through fuel combustion. It can be used in one of the following ways: (1) combustor cloth. Before the working fluid is boosted and then enters the jet pumping system, the working medium enters the combustion chamber to absorb the fuel combustion heat to become gas power. (2) When the jet pumping expansion work system is arranged separately, as shown in Fig. 8Α or 8Β, the split arrangement or only the stage where the combustion chamber is arranged, the combustion is arranged in the jet pumping system. Between the stage injectors, the working fluid coming out of the front stage injector enters the combustion chamber and is heated to become a gas-powered gas source and then enters the next stage injector; (3) the pressurized fuel is directly injected into the primary or secondary of the jet pumping system. Or in any stage of the injection pipe or in the expansion pipe (such as 406 in Figure 19, including the ejector structure shown in Figure 7 of Figure 7) or directly into the circulation pipe (such as 410 in Figure 20) and the combustion of the working medium into gas The power source makes the jet pumping system have the function of the combustion chamber; (4) using the boiler method, the fuel and air or oxygen are burned in the combustion chamber, and the pressure is boosted. After the working fluid is absorbed into the combustion chamber or the heater in the flue, it becomes the power source; (5) After the working fluid is boosted, it absorbs heat through the combustion system of the combustion chamber or absorbs the residual heat of the engine or both heat absorption processes. There are; (6) the combination of mode (5) and one of the first four.

In combination with the above-mentioned embodiment 屮 & kind of jet aspirator to the Sichuan mode, the thermal system can adopt single-stage injection single cycle or • Ti-stage injection multi-cycle or multi-stage injection multi-cycle and other injections: W! gas system, power gas The source of the power from the beginning of S can also be used to expand the power source during the work process. It is used to expand the power process to power the expander or spray or heat pump or to jet the air blower or draft fan in the raft cycle. Or pressurizing the gas (replace the expander or nozzle with a jet aspirator) to provide a source of power, or to provide a compressed air source for the compression cold or liquefaction process of the heat pump process (see 403 in Figure 19). And 404) or pumping power, or for heating the process to provide compressed hot air to the heat exchanger that absorbs air heat (as in Figure 16 a recirculating injector can be used instead of compressor 341, in Figure 18 A recirculating ejector is used in place of the compressor 372), or two or more combinations of the above modes of use.

Embodiment 5, a self-cooling thermodynamic cycle using thermal boosting:

Figure 21 is a self-cooling thermodynamic cycle of intermittently working thermal boosting, which is characterized by the use of a closed vessel to increase the force significantly. The Hawthorn heat exchanger provides hot two sets of booster vessels. 508 pay f ^ L complement work to provide relatively stable pressure for the system. The boosting vessel 508 receives the liquid heat-discharging process of the system or the liquid working fluid produced by the condenser of the liquefaction system, and is connected to the pipeline through a one-way valve, and the guiding performance can be realized by mechanical turbulence or electric control, but such The working mode can rely on gravity flow, and a circulation pump plus a check valve can be used for convenience control. The jet suction type residual gas power recovery device 504 is added, and the injection pumping structure may be a single stage or a multi-stage composite jet pumping, and the valve 502, the valve 503, the valve 506 and the valve 507 are added, and the two under the riser container are The check valve is combined to form a switching valve group, and the switching valve group is controlled by the control system to connect or isolate the boosting vessel and the boosting pipeline and the residual gas power recovery device H 504, so that the two boosting vessels are alternated. During the process of replenishing the liquid level, the thermal system maintains a stable working pressure and recovers the residual power before each filling of the liquid level. The gas-liquid separator 509 and the pump 501 are added to the heating passage of the boosting vessel 508, and the boosting mode combining the thermal boosting and the pumping boosting can be realized, and the one-way valve can be added to the front outlet of the pump 501 to realize the thermal boost independent. Work and switch with the pump T. When the self-cooling thermal work system is used in an air-energy engine, the low power intensity is slightly weaker due to the temperature parameter, but the pump power consumption can be reduced to improve the system power output. The air-powered jet power system can be used for single-nozzle injection or multi-nozzle injection because of the low injection temperature. The system is simple and low-cost, and can be used in both air and ground mobile equipment. The combination of the thermal boost system and the pump 501 complement each other to prevent the pump from operating in ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air environments. In addition, the thermal boosting mode can also adopt a single boosting vessel staged operation, eliminating the valve group alternating control and the residual gas power recovery device 504, and the simple features can be used for the small micro thermal power generation system, and the battery can be supplemented or directly used. One or more of the 3⁄4 systems work simultaneously to complement the discontinuity.

Summarize the step-up mode in the self-cooling thermodynamic cycle. The liquid working fluid generated by the heat removal process of the thermal system adopts thermal boosting. The so-called thermal boosting refers to increasing the receiving volume of the pressurized container and receiving the liquid working medium. The valve is added or the check valve and the circulating pump are added, the liquid working fluid in the boosting vessel is boosted by heating, and the intermittent or complementary boosting is realized by controlling single or multiple boosting vessels; or hydraulic power is used. The pump or the volumetric pump is boosted; or the gas-liquid separator 509 is added to the heating passage of the thermal boosting vessel, and the pump 501 is added to the liquid passage to realize the combined pressure increase of the heat and the pumping force.

Embodiment 6, self-cooling heat pump heating or cooling: As shown in Fig. 22, the jet swirl heat exchange heat pump cycle, the heat output of the heat exchanger 603 is increased between the final stage of the circulating jet pumping system and the expander, and the outlet of the liquefaction system and the jet extractor are The pumping port asks for the cooling source of the heat exchanger 605, and the heat system realizes the cooling or heating when the self-cooling heat work is completed. The cost of the compressor is not simple and reliable. Therefore, the heat source of the self-cooling thermal system may be air energy or fuel, etc., and the heat exchanger that can increase the external heat output may be connected with the expander Φ in parallel or in place of the expander; The heat process increases the heat output of the heat exchanger or the heat source is 3⁄4⁄4 plus the heat source of the heat absorption heat exchanger, or both of the output sources are used. The power can be directly generated by the expander 604 to provide the lii force to the pump 601 (such as the cabinet).屮The two are connected by the dotted line), so that the heater 602 can be used to provide heat into the heat-cooling and heating unit, which is not like nj. It does not consume power, and it is also cooled by heat and cold. When the thermal system adopts the power supply independent working mode, the operating capacity is unstable, and the W provides energy or liquefied gas storage system to provide dynamic or stable power. Outside W, the thermal inertia characteristics of the mountain or the heating zone generally allow the heat pump system to have fluctuations. For example, the air conditioner often works intermittently. Therefore, the self-cooling heat pump adopts the thermal boosting mode of a single thermal booster, and may even not be used. Pumping can greatly simplify the system's maximum cost advantage.

Book

Embodiment 7, improvement of the cyclone

The working mode of the jet vortex is very important for the liquefaction of the gas-off working fluid and the simplified efficiency of the jet aspirator. The rapid swirling flow has a large flow loss due to the centrifugal pressure, except for the internal 3⁄4 shown in Figure 4. In addition to the improvement of the mode of the drum, the method of expanding the work process or the heat pump process is adopted. The swirler wall is corrugated, for example, a sinusoidal wave surface is used, and the jet gas is mainly at a small peak. The ratio of the surface of the surface has a flow force, and the wave valley ill has a vortex because the suction pressure of the high-speed jet is very small « 3⁄4^【 The state flow loss is small, and the ratio of the waveform and the wavelength to the diameter of the wall is to be set. The flow loss of the swirling flow ^ is the magnitude of the person. Outer W, ώ πΓ to ¾ River swirler corrugated tubular wall of the inner cylinder and distributed pores or slits, Suo-tau mass strikes the inner tube; ^{Λ:. /} Ι ^·: swirl, slits or pores The liquid effluent is collected from the outside of the inner cylinder, so that nj reduces the flow loss caused by the liquefaction liquid film thickening and the gas-liquid separation efficiency caused by the gas-liquid reaction.

Embodiment 8, high boiling point thermal cycle

In a steam system with a high boiling point, in order to reduce the discharge temperature as much as possible, the inside of the condenser is always brought to a high degree of vacuum, which makes the gas-liquid separation difficulty in the self-cooling liquefaction process increase. In order to overcome these problems, two or more mixed gas working fluids are proposed. The heat pump system firstly liquefies the high boiling point working fluid during the liquefaction process of the mixed working fluid, and the high boiling point working fluid after liquefaction is heated and heated. Power gas source, low boiling point working fluid pumping cycle, the most typical is steam plus nitrogen or carbon dioxide or air. Another method for improving the circulation of high-boiling working fluids is to adopt a double-cycle or multi-cycle method in which a high-boiling working fluid cycle is combined with a low-boiling working fluid cycle, for example, a heat-discharging process of a steam thermodynamic cycle is a heat source of a nitrogen thermodynamic cycle. The high-boiling working fluid thermal cycle absorbs the heat source to work, and the low-boiling working fluid thermal cycle absorbs the heat of the high-boiling working fluid thermal cycle and juxtaposes the heat pump process and the regenerative process satisfying the quenching type thermal work cycle, which can overcome the high boiling point work. The thermal cycle is adapted to the temperature limit and overcomes the problem that τι is lower than Τ4. The invention is a basic innovation and has a wide range of applications, and is not limited to the mode described in the mode (1).

Claims

WO 2014/063443 Claims PCT/CN2013/001277

1. The self-cooling thermal work method belongs to the field of thermal power. The working fluid of the thermal system absorbs heat from the heat source to perform work, including the heating process of the working fluid becoming a power gas source after increasing pressure and absorbing heat from a low temperature state, and the power gas source entering and expanding. The expansion work process after the work system, and the heat removal process in which the low-temperature gas working medium that completes the expansion work further releases heat. The thermal system realizes the thermodynamic cycle process from the temperature rise process, the expansion work process, to the heat removal process, and then after the temperature rise. Its characteristics are: the working fluid absorbs heat from a heat source higher than the ambient temperature, or absorbs heat from a heat source equal to or lower than the ambient temperature; the thermal system uses a heat pump process to absorb part of the low-temperature gas working fluid released during the heat removal process or All the heat, the expansion work process or the expansion work process and the temperature rise process absorb part or all of the heat released by the heat pump process; the thermal system adopts a heat recovery process, and the high temperature end of the heat recovery has an expansion work process or a heat removal process, or both, The hot and low-temperature end has a heating process or a heat pump process or a heat-absorbing working fluid or both.

2. A jet cyclone heat exchange heat pump method. The working fluid absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment or low-temperature working fluid through expansion and work. It is characterized by: The heat exchange unit that absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment or low-temperature working fluid adopts a cyclone structure. , the heat-absorbing working fluid enters the cyclone tangentially or obliquely through the nozzle. After being cooled by the high-speed injection, it absorbs heat with the external working fluid or the environment through the cyclone wall, and then enters the exhaust pipe and is discharged. A straight-through method is adopted in the exhaust pipe. Or use a flow guide to increase the recovery cyclonic force. The heat exchange process uses a heat exchanger composed of a single heat exchange unit or uses two or more heat exchange units to form a heat exchanger.

3. The self-cooling thermal work method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat pump process adopts a jet cyclone heat exchange heat pump or a jet refrigeration process or an extraction refrigeration process or a compression cooling process to make the gas working medium Cooling or liquefaction, or a combination of a jet cyclone heat pump and one of the latter three processes for cooling or liquefying the working fluid; the so-called jet refrigeration process refers to the heat pump power system that uses: 1: Mass condenser Intermittent power generation, the condenser adopts a jet cyclone separation method, the jet cyclone adopts a 1/2 body structure or a 3/4 shell plus an inner rotating drum structure, the cold gas working medium passes through the nozzle along the tangent line Directional injection enters the jet cyclone to achieve injection refrigeration liquefaction and liquid separation. The uncondensed gas is discharged from the outlet. The uncondensed gas outlet channel adopts a straight-through method or a deflector method that increases the recycling power of the cyclone; the so-called steam extraction. The refrigeration process refers to the heat pump power system extracting steam from the evaporation chamber to maintain the subcooling state of the evaporation chamber. The subcooled liquid working fluid and the cold gas working fluid before liquefaction are exchanged through a heat exchanger or directly pumped into the condenser through a circulation pump to mix the cold gas. The working fluid is cooled and liquefied. Part of the liquid working fluid in the condenser enters the evaporation chamber through the throttling channel or nozzle to realize the cyclic liquefaction process; the so-called compression cooling process means that the gas working fluid is compressed and heated and then cooled or liquefied by the heat exchanger. process.

4. A new jet extraction method, in which the power air source is injected through a nozzle to extract a low-pressure air source. Its characteristics are: The jet extraction system adopts a single-stage injection extraction, or uses a Φ·stage or multi-stage cyclic injection extraction. air, or a combined injection exhaust that combines circulation with series or parallel connection or a combination of circulation with series connection and parallel connection; the same-level nozzles of the injection exhaust system adopt single nozzle distribution or multi-nozzle distribution, and the injection mode adopts straight flow or swirling flow Or the oblique swirl type between the two, the jet and diffuser tubes adopt a straight-through tube structure, or the jet and diffuser tubes of the multi-stage circulation injector adopt a throat-type scaling structure.

5. A single-stage multi-cycle injection pumping method, in which the power air source is injected through a nozzle to extract a low-pressure air source. The characteristics are: the injection pumping process adopts a single-stage injection multi-cycle method, and the circulation pipeline passes through one end inside the injector. The spoon tube receives part of the high-speed airflow to generate stamping, or uses a tangential opening to receive part of the high-speed airflow to generate stamping, while the other end is sucked by the jet or swirling flow to achieve circular flow. The injection method adopts direct flow or swirling flow or something in between. Oblique swirl, the structure adopts the internal or external circulation pipeline or the combination of internal and external arrangement, and the nozzle distribution adopts single nozzle distribution or multi-nozzle distribution.

6. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thermal system adopts a jet extraction system, WO 2014/063443 Claim PCT/CN2013/001277 The power gas source comes from the initial power gas source of the thermal system or from the power gas source in the expansion work process, and is used to provide power for the expander or nozzle or heat pump during the expansion work process or Provide power air source for jet extraction blower or induced draft fan or compressor in open cycle; or be used to provide compressed air source or air extraction power for compression cooling or liquefaction process of heat pump process, or be used to extract air in heating process Provide compressed hot air to a heat exchanger that absorbs heat from the air, or a combination of two or more of the above.

7. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 3 or 6, characterized in that: an auxiliary jet exhauster is added in front of the working fluid liquefaction system in the heat pump process, and the cold gas working fluid enters the auxiliary jet exhaust first. The device extracts the gas working fluid in the working fluid liquefaction system and then enters the working fluid liquefaction system.

8. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the expansion work process of the working fluid adopts a reheating or isothermal heating process, and the reheating or isothermal process is arranged in one of the following ways, (1) Between the segmented expanders; (2) On the swirl shell of the jet pumping process; (3) Between two stages in the multi-stage jet pumping process; (4) In the cycle of the cyclic jet pumping process On the channel; (5) A combination of any two or more of the above methods.

9. The self-cooling thermal work method of claim 6, characterized in that: the thermal system provides a heat source through fuel combustion and adopts one of the following methods, (1) the combustion chamber is arranged before the working fluid enters the injection exhaust system after being pressurized, The working fluid enters the combustion chamber, absorbs the fuel combustion heat and heats up to become a gas power source; (2) The combustion chamber is arranged between the W-level injectors in the injection extraction system. The working fluid from the front-stage injector enters the combustion chamber and burns and heats up to become a gas power source. The gas power source then enters the lower-stage injector;

(3) Pressurized fuel is directly injected into the primary or secondary or any stage injection pipe or diffuser pipe or circulation pipe of the injection exhaust system, and burns with the working medium to become a gas power source; (4) Combustion is done in a boiler. The final working fluid absorbs heat through the heater arranged in the combustion chamber or its flue and becomes a power gas source; (5) The working fluid is heated if: it first absorbs heat through the combustion maintenance system or absorbs engine waste heat, or both. There are thermal processes; (6) A combination of method (5) and one of the four methods.

10. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid working fluid generated during the heat removal process is boosted by thermal power, and the so-called thermal boosting refers to adding a boosting container to receive the liquid working fluid, and A one-way valve or a one-way valve and a circulation pump are added to the channel that receives the liquid working fluid. The liquid working fluid in the boosting container is boosted by heating. Intermittent or complementary operation is achieved by controlling single or multiple boosting vessels. Boost the pressure; or use a hydraulic pump or a positive displacement pump to boost the pressure; or add a gas-liquid separator to the heating channel of the thermal booster vessel, and add a pump to the liquid channel to achieve a combination of heat and pump power to boost pressure.

1 1. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, used for heating or refrigeration, characterized by: a heat exchanger that increases external heat output and an expander in the expansion work system are connected in series or parallel or replace the expansion machine; add a heat exchanger to output cold source during the heat absorption process or add a heat absorption heat exchanger to output cold source during the heat pump process, or use both output cold source methods.

12. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thermal system adopts an independent working mode, and a battery energy storage system or a liquefied gas energy storage system is added to provide starting or stable power.

13. The self-cooling thermal power generation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the expansion power process or the heat pump process adopts the jet cyclone method. The cyclone wall adopts a corrugated shape, or the cyclone adopts an FFL cylinder. The inner cylinder has a corrugated wall and is distributed with micropores or gaps. The working medium is sprayed into the inner cylinder to produce a swirling flow. The liquid working fluid flowing out of the micropores or gaps is collected from the outside of the inner cylinder.

14. The self-cooling thermal work method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: using a mixed gas working medium; or using a double cycle or multi-cycle mode combining high boiling point working fluid circulation and low boiling point working fluid circulation, The former absorbs the heat source to do work, and the latter uses the waste heat of the former as the heat source. The latter combines the heat pump process and heat recovery process of the self-cooling thermal power cycle.