CN102359745A - Moderate and low temperature mixed working medium thermal and electrical combined cycle based on brown cycle - Google Patents
Moderate and low temperature mixed working medium thermal and electrical combined cycle based on brown cycle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a moderate and low temperature mixed working medium thermal and electrical combined cycle based on a brown cycle, which is an integrated cycle system utilizing the characteristics of a capillary pumped loop (CPL) heat pipe, an evaporator, a condenser, a steam channel, a liquid channel, a liquid storage, an isolator and a control system. The liquid contains copper oxide and water nanometer fluid, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the liquid is increased in the speed of 103 times, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe is increased by 160% to the maximum extent, and the critical heat-flow density is increased by 120%. A turbine power generating system with an injection cycle loop mainly comprises an injector, a pressurizing chamber, a turbine and a loop heat pipe heater. The pressure of hot water increased to 150 DEG C through two-stage pressurization and three-stage pressurization is increased to 3-5 MPa by a mixed steam in the pressurizing chamber in a heat-insulated and speed-reduced way, and the steam enters a gas turbine and adiabatically expands to apply work outwards. The temperature and the pressure of a part of steam meet inlet conditions required by the normal operation of the injector.
Description
Technical field: fire, the coal-based Poly-generation of the cold alliance of the distributed thermoelectricity of nuclear power generation cogeneration of heat and power
Technical background:
(1), preface:
The guiding of energy power system research depends primarily on world energy sources development and the trend of structural change and the development of energy science research itself.Its research can be divided into for 3 generations: the research of the first generation is the basis with the first law of thermodynamics, generally tries to achieve the higher thermal efficiency through improving cycling hot force parameter and parts internal efficiency; The characteristics of the second generation are based on second law, and grade difference and the cascade utilization and different circulation of paying attention to ability organically combines, and proposes supply system; The sustainable development notion is given prominence in the research of the third generation, and the emphasis supply system combines with efficient clean utilization, optimization economic effect and energy and environment are comprehensively permeated.
There are four big disadvantages in conventional fossil energy dynamical system: the heavy losses of combustion process fuel grade, the tomography that the high temperature section thermal power transfer is utilized, a large amount of middle low temperature heat energy emission loss of low-temperature zone and to the ecological environment severe contamination.For this reason, people propose constantly that power conversion is utilized new ideas, the new mechanism of Engineering Thermophysics process, thermodynamic cycle is newly conceived and energy source and power development new model, the continuous new research focus of developing on the traditional energy scientific basic.They normally improve energy resources utilization rate and the key and the breach of improving the ecological environment, and are intended to set up revolutionary energy power system.A new generation's energy power system is a complicated more system; Its research object is the complexity science of physical level; Except more further investigate common problem (system simulation and complex optimum, the system integration, function and characteristic, the regulation and control of system's multiple target interpretational criteria and system with prepare etc.) outside; At present based on different developing goals, main direction of studying has: 1. thermodynamic cycle innovation and the new mechanism of power conversion utilization; 2. multi-functional energy power system; 3. the utilization system in multipotency source; 4. non-harmful energy power system; 5. middle low-temperature energy sources conversion using system etc.
Thermodynamic cycle is dynamical system development theory basis.For many years, the improvement of various thermodynamic cycles all is to follow the ratio and raising component capabilities that one side improves constantly maximum temperature with the minimum temperature of circulation in principle; Actual cycle is carried out near the direction of desirable Carnot cycle as far as possible.
At present, people carried out analyzing in detail to nearly all simple cycle, and the characteristic of these simple cycle has been had comprehensive grasp.People begin to turn to how to make up new circulation to sight now, and improve on its thermodynamic property as far as possible.In the energy and power field, through the output of thermodynamic cycle realization mechanical energy, the research that centers on thermodynamic cycle is the permanent problem in using energy source conversion field, and high efficiency of energy, clean development and use need the pioneering basic research of corresponding thermodynamic cycle.
(2), capillary pump loop heat pipe (CPL):
Capillary pump loop heat pipe (CPL) is mainly by forming with the lower part: evaporimeter, condenser, steam channel, fluid passage reservoir, isolator and control system (heater and temperature sensor).The schematic diagram of capillary pump loop is like Fig. 1. shown in.
Hydraulic fluid absorbs heat and carburation by evaporation from thermal source in evaporimeter; The steam that produces gets into condenser through steam channel; Steam is emitted heat and is condensed into liquid in condenser, the capillary force that liquid provides owing to capillary structure is passed through fluid passage and got back to evaporimeter.So circulation, the working medium in the loop constantly passes heat to condenser from evaporimeter with the form of phase-change heat transfer.Isolator is arranged on the porch that fluid pipeline gets into evaporimeter, and its effect is to collect incondensable gas and the vapor bubbles that fluid passage is carried, and prevents that their from getting into the capillary wick of evaporimeter and block liquid flows.Reservoir is applicable to restarting of any situation in startup and the running of temperature adjusting and evaporimeter.CPL is as the thermal control element, and it has following characteristics:
(1) CPL has higher heat-transfer capability and isothermal.Because in the CPL loop, the passage of steam and liquid is distinct, so there is not the entrainment limit in the general heat pipe.Except evaporimeter, remainder can adopt smooth tube, and this has just reduced the pressure loss of system, thereby makes that the heat-transfer capability of CPL is higher than general heat pipe.The phase transition process of fluid is almost accomplished under isothermal in the CPL loop, and therefore, the isothermal of CPL system is very good.The pressure loss in CPL loop is little, makes the CPL system can realize long distance heat transfer.
(2) CPL has good temperature control characteristic.CPL can utilize the control system that the operating temperature in loop is regulated and control in required temperature range.Reservoir and CPL loop are connected, so the two has identical operating pressure, the operating pressure of coming regulating system through heating or condensation to reservoir, thus the heat exchange area of regulating condenser is to reach the operate in saturation temperature of control system.
(3) heat is shared characteristic.The evaporimeter of CPL can be formed in parallel by a plurality of evaporimeters; The thermic load of each evaporimeter can be very different, even the evaporimeter that has does not have load, because the swabbing action of system's internal pressure balance and each evaporimeter; It also can share the load of all the other evaporimeters, makes system temperature consistent.
(4) pressure injection characteristic.In case indivedual evaporimeters since the unexpected overload of thermic load occurs drying up, can be in service in the continuation of system, through heating reservoir, carry out pressure injection and dry evaporimeter resumed work.
(5) thermal diode characteristic.Do not have capillary structure in the condenser, so from then on heat can only play the effect of thermal diode from the evaporimeter biography to condenser.
In liquid, add the thermal conductivity factor that nano particle has significantly improved liquid, its reason has following two aspects: cupric oxide-water nano-fluid
A), because the thermal conductivity factor of solid particle is far longer than the thermal conductivity factor of liquid.The adding of solid particle has changed the structure of liquid, has strengthened the inner energy transfer process of mixture, makes the thermal conductivity factor of liquid increase.Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids increases along with the increase of nano particle volume fraction.The volume fraction of nano particle is big more, and the nano particle of liquid dispersion is many more in the unit volume, causes the microconvection of heat conduction, nano particle and the liquid of nano particle and nano particle to strengthen, and the energy transmission is accelerated, and thermal conductivity increases; The thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is relevant with the thermal conductivity factor of the material that constitutes nano particle, and the thermal conductivity factor of the material of formation nano particle is big more, and the thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is also big more.
B), because the small-size effect of nano particle; The nano particle that suspends in the nano-fluid receives the effect of Blang's power; Do random motion, phenomenons such as Blang's diffusion, thermal diffusion are present in the nano-fluid, and the micromotion of nano particle makes has the microconvection phenomenon to exist between nano particle and the liquid; This microconvection has strengthened the energy transfer process between nano particle and the liquid, has increased the thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid.The most important thing is; The nano particle that suspends in the nano-fluid is when doing random motion; Migration has also taken place in himself entrained energy; Compare with microconvection reinforced heat conduction coefficient between nano particle and liquid, this part energy transfer that the nano particle motion is produced has strengthened nano-fluid internal energy transmittance process greatly, and is bigger to the effect of nano-fluid reinforced heat conduction coefficient.Nanoparticle size is more little, and the nano-fluid thermal conductivity is big more.This is the surface that occurs in liquid and nano particle because of the internal heat transfer of nano-fluid, and surface area is big more, and it is just effective more and rapid to conduct heat, and promptly the particle specific area helps conducting heat more greatly more.When nanoparticle size reduced, specific area can increase with 103 times speed, so the raising that reduces directly to cause thermal conductivity of nanoparticle size.Meanwhile, the temperature of nano-fluid is high more, and the thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is big more.Because raising along with the nano-fluid suspension temperature; As the main medium of nano-fluid internal energy transmission--the intensity aggravation of nano particle micromotion; The frequency of colliding between nano particle and nano particle, nano particle and liquid strengthens; The faster that energy transmits makes the ability of nano-fluid reinforced heat conduction coefficient strengthen.
In heat pipe, add heat exchange property and the critical heat flux density that nano particle can improve evaporator section, the coefficient of heat transfer of condensation segment does not change; The heat pipe operating pressure is low more, and nano particle opposite heat tube heat exchange invigoration effect is remarkable more, and the coefficient of heat transfer maximum of heat pipe has improved 160% critical heat flux density and improved 120%; Exist the nano particle mass concentration an of the best, under this concentration, the coefficient of heat transfer of heat pipe evaporator section is the highest.
(3), fire, nuclear power plant's prior art state:
Fire, nuclear power plant's steam turbine have two kinds of condensing-type (containing the condensing-type that draws gas) and back pressure types, except that more than the heat supply unit of steam power plant with the back pressure type, the Steam Turbine of most non-heat supply power plant is the condensing-type machine.In China's fire, nuclear power plant's installation general power, nearly 86% is non-heat supply type.Must there be cold junction, the some position that promptly steam temperature is minimum in the Steam Power Circulation in the thermodynamic cycle that steam turbine utilizes high temperature and high pressure steam to do work.To the condensing-type unit, steam becomes exhaust steam after the whole impeller actings of steam turbine, drain into exhaust casing, gets into steam turbine cold junction--condenser.In this contactless cooler of condenser, exhaust steam is conducted heat to recirculated cooling water, discharge its latent heat of condensation after, become condensate and returned to boiler.What guarantee steam turbine cold junction effect is that the condenser of flowing through absorbs the recirculated cooling water of the exhaust steam latent heat of condensation.Cooling water has two sources: the one, take from natural water area; The 2nd, from the cooling tower of power plant.Generating set is not out of service, and recirculated cooling water (warm water discharge) then ceaselessly is discharged into environment with a large amount of waste heats a moment.It is very huge to compose the waste heat amount of depositing in the circulating cooling water of power plant, abandons hot inevitable to hot machine production process.Steam after the steam turbine work done (steam discharge) condensation (heat release) becomes condensate after backheat, to get into boiler again, and steam work done in steam turbine that boiler produces in the cyclic process of this heating agent, need be emitted a large amount of condensation heat.The main feature of condensation heat is following:
Grade is low.Exhaust steam pressure: water-cooled, 4-8kPa; Air cooling, 15kPa.Condensation temperature: water-cooled, 29-41.5 ℃; Air cooling, 54 ℃.
Amount is big, concentrated.Average generating heat dissipation accounts for about 32% of total input.The recyclable condensation heat that pure condensate vapour operating mode enters atmosphere accounts for more than 50%, is more than 1.5 times of heat dissipation of generating; The recyclable condensation heat of heat supply operating mode is about 0.7-1.3 times of the heat dissipation that generates electricity.
The huge hot machine production efficiency with it of power plant's heat exhaust is directly related.General large thermal power plant BTHE is merely 40%, and nuclear power is discharged to environment (mainly being that cooling water is taken away) not as good as 35%, 60% above heat.As far as 1000MW thermal power steam turbine group, the about 35～45m of recirculated cooling water amount
3/ s (3 * 10
6～4 * 10
6m
3/ d), 8～13 ℃ of the draining temperature rises temperature of environment waters (promptly surpass) (look season and become), the heat of depositing about 1.2 * 10 is composed in this temperature rise
6～1.9 * 10
6KJ/s; Move the 5000h meter per year, average annual 3.0～4.8 * 10
13KJ/a, its heat amount to standard coal about 70～1,140,000 t/a.The warm water discharge temperature of discharging, 20～35 ℃ of winters; 25～45 ℃ of summers (look the power plant their location and different).The nuclear power generating sets quantity of circulating water is 1.2～1.5 times of fired power generating unit, and abandoning heat can be more.National thermoelectricity installation total amount was about 7.9 hundred million kilowatts in 2010, accounted for thermoelectricity total capacity 86% by non-heat supply machine pool-size and roughly estimated, and quite had 8.4 hundred million tons of standard coals to throw away in the environment in vain approximately the whole year.Thermal power plant each item loss reference value subordinate list 1.
(4), injection supercharging:
The injector supercharging is the high-energy fluid that utilizes one pressure higher, the device that another burst low energy fluid pressure is improved.Because simple in structure, with the miscellaneous equipment ease of connection, convenient for maintenance management and become a kind of important device in a lot of fields already, and be the focus of research always.Further perfect jet theory in recent years and has been widened range of application.Yet; Conventional injector supercharging still can not be satisfied the instructions for use in each field; Like the development of some important military equipment, the recovery of the former oil gas of oil field enormous amount (lighter hydrocarbons recovery) etc., existing ejectors technique will be applied to these fields; There are two fatal deficiencies: the one, the gateway pressure loss of system is bigger than normal, can't satisfy special requirement; The 2nd, multilevel system all must be from inter-stage carrying-off part medium, and requires not to be inconsistent.Therefore use for satisfying, manage to make that the gateway pressure loss of injector pressure charging system is enough little,, just become two key issues of necessary solution simultaneously again not from its inter-stage carrying-off part medium.
Summary of the invention:
The heat that waste heat (condensation heat) in fire, the nuclear power plant's recirculated cooling water cooling procedure discharges is huge, the negative heat affecting of its discharging environment; Proposed to adopt heat absorption type heat pump, loop heat pipe, injection supercharging, injection circulatory system technology to solve the key technical problem of recycling condensation waste heat.Figure (3) is in harmonious power construction process of new century, and the efficient utilization of circulating cooling water of power plant condensation heat is just being complied with and accelerated to advance the construction of environmental protection cleaner power sources, becomes power plant construction environmentally friendly and this requirement of resource-conserving industry.
Description of drawings:
Figure (1) capillary pump loop heat pipe (CPL) is mainly by forming with the lower part: evaporimeter, condenser, steam channel, fluid passage reservoir, isolator and control system (heater and temperature sensor).
Figure (2) CPL has good temperature control characteristic.CPL can utilize the control system that the operating temperature in loop is regulated and control in required temperature range.
Figure (3) is an overall system view; 4. 1. steam get into steam turbine, and generating back gets into gas extraction system and 5. gets into absorption type heat pump system then and 7. reach 15-25 ℃ of normal temperature state and after circulating pump (11) gets into deoxygenation, get into therrmodynamic system and recycle and form previous stage Rakin system.By bleed 2. with waste hot gas 3. and the steam one tunnel of the joint group main steam that becomes injection supercharging circulation through two-step supercharging or three grades of superchargings the pressure of another road through 150 ℃ of hot water of loop heat pipe is increased to 3-5MPa and advances the hot water generator and 8. generate electricity.Can get after the hot water generating 80 ℃ of water, 50 ℃ of circulating pumps after heat supply 10. arrive sorption type heat pump (12), 7. the heat absorption of the heat of condensation heat through 6. post bake to 92 ℃ of loop heat pipe, increase to 3-5MPa through injection supercharging circulation two-step supercharging or three grades of pressure that is pressurized to 150 ℃ of hot water 9. again and advance that 8. the hot water generator generates electricity and 9. heat supply is injection type back pressure circulating pump.(12) mix the cooling loop technology.This mixes cooling loop and is made up of quarter-phase circuit and excess enthalpy fluid loop.Quarter-phase circuit is similar with the loop circuit heat pipe operation mechanism, and the excess enthalpy fluid loop is set up circulating pump between reservoir and evaporimeter, guarantees that evaporimeter also is unlikely to evaporate to dryness under the high heat flux, thereby has greatly increased the maximal heat transfer amount of loop circuit heat pipe.This technology with respect to traditional quarter-phase circuit, is moved more reliable; With respect to spraying cooling, reduced to receive the influence of gravity and acceleration; With respect to conventional heat pipe and loop circuit heat pipe, improved heat flow density and maximal heat transfer ability, be a kind of heat transfer unit (HTU) with high input heat flow.
Figure (4) is injection supercharging circulation systematic schematic diagram 8.
A turbine electricity generation system that has the injection closed circuit.Capital equipment has injector, pumping chamber, turbine and loop heat pipe heater.Working steam is introduced into and makes adiabatic expansion in the jet pipe; The high velocity air that produces will be heated to 90 ℃ condensation hot water introducing mixing chamber mixing; The pressure that the mixed vapour body is pressurized to 150 ℃ of hot water in the indoor adiabatic deceleration supercharging of diffusion through two-step supercharging or three grades increases to 3-5MPa and advances hot water generator and heat supply; Corresponding with Fig. 5 (level pressure heating d-e) gets into the external work done of gas-turbine adiabatic expansion, enters the circulatory system (level pressure heat release f-o) then; Part steam temperature and pressure satisfy the required entry condition of the normal operation of injector.The injection circulatory system is divided into two loops and sees that the working medium of the condensation hot water of figure (4) quality o does the external work done of circulation o-c-d-e-f-o, makes injection circulation a-b-c-d-e-o supercharging condensation hot water and quality is the working medium of a steam.Though the form of condensation hot water and steam is different, one thermodynamic properties is very approaching, and used generally speaking steam compares very for a short time with the condensation heat quality, can be left in the basket, so be that a certain amount of steam working medium is in work all the time in the whole circulation process.Adiabatic expansion process in the jet pipe is irreversible adiabatic process on figure (4).C representes vapor stream and injection condensation heat fluid mixed state in mixing chamber, and reversible process c-d representes the adiabatic compression process of mixed liquid in the diffusion chamber, and real process is irreversible with friction and shock wave.Process d-e is reduced to constant volume heating process.When whole circulation being regarded as one when whole, unit mass working medium global cycle caloric receptivity is Q, heats two parts by constant volume heating and level pressure and obtains.
Figure (5) injection cycle generating system temperature--entropy (T-S) figure.The layout and the design principle of figure (6) multistage injection pressure charging system system diagram 8..
The specific embodiment:
1; The injection circulation
Injector belongs to a kind of of compressor, and its most basic purposes is to improve the pressure of working medium.In many thermodynamic cycle process, the liquid supercharging equipment is essential, and will directly consume mechanical energy usually.The circulation merit made from the injection circulation of a forward replaces the directly mechanical energy of consumption, improves whole efficiency.
In order to improve the performance of injector, introduced main jet with lobe enhancing mixed structure, effect is the mixed area that has increased two fluid streams, has increased mass ratio of induced-to-inducing air, has improved mixing efficiency, has shortened the mixing distance.Except improvement is flowed on the basis of fixing Rational structure, adopt adjustable injector to satisfy the needs that operating mode has bigger variation simultaneously, increase adjusting device and also must increase flow resistance.
The new multistage injector just is meant and can satisfies when working under the optimum state, and the prime fluid-mixing is whole driving fluids of back level just, just not from the multilevel system (being called for short the new multistage system) of inter-stage carrying-off part medium.Past is owing to overemphasized not from the harmful effect of inter-stage carrying-off part medium to injection efficient; The multilevel system that causes research all is will be from the specific type of inter-stage carrying-off (condensation) part medium; Compare with them; The injection efficient of new multistage system slightly descends; Exactly because but it has sacrificed little by little efficient, has just had the two big characteristics that other any kind injector all can't possess simultaneously: it does not require from its inter-stage carrying-off part medium, injector is used this requisite requirement that proposes thereby can satisfy a lot of fields.It can make its gateway pressure very approaching through specialized designs, can make gateway pressure reduction less than 20% like level two, injector is used the another strict demand that proposes thereby satisfy a lot of fields.Because its this two big special performance, the new multistage system is because have certain difference with original injector achievement in research, and it manufactures and designs the particular requirement that must follow self.
Through the multiple stage ejector series connection, can realize higher pressure ratio (total pressure ratio Pm
n/ Pc
1), wherein each grade all can be realized a part (the branch pressure ratio Pm of total pressure ratio
i/ Pc
i).The progression (N) of series connection just can directly be confirmed by total pressure ratio and branch pressure ratio.Usually branch pressure ratio at different levels is inequality, as gets its mean value (Pm
i/ Pc
i), then have:
N＝Ig(Pm
n/Pc
1)/Ig(Pm
i/Pc
i)
Wherein total pressure ratio is given by design condition; Average pressure ratios at different levels then can roughly be confirmed by empirical data, also can be found the solution by former being fruitful with relevant flow according to expansion ratio at different levels.Obviously, series connection progression is many more favourable more to improving total pressure ratio, but because of progression too much all will bring very burden to design and management debugging etc., the more troubles of progression are big more, therefore in most cases are advisable with the series connection of 2-3 level, generally should not be above 4 grades.
In each inter-stage reasonable distribution, both determined the success or failure of design, also directly had influence on service efficiency to total pressure ratio.And research shows that uniform distribution is suitable theoretically, but is inappropriate for practical application, because it requires working fluid pressures at different levels different, and must regulate at any time, thereby totally unfavorable to use and management.So use for ease; The distribution of total pressure ratio should be followed the principle that inhomogeneous distribution-pressure ratios at different levels are from front to back successively decreased successively; Thereby guarantee that injector working fluids at different levels can use identical pressure in the system; Reduce the link that ejection system operating pressures at different levels are regulated respectively, helped the simplification of equipment.
The selection of injector type at different levels under specified criteria, through the series connection of multi-stage jet device, can realize higher compression ratio (full compression ratio), and grade injector of each in the train all can be realized the part (compressed ratio) of full compression ratio.The progression of series connection just can directly be determined than these two data by full compression ratio and compressed.Usually compressed at different levels, then have if get its mean value than being inequality:
Progression=(full compression ratio)/(every grade of average compression ratio)
Improving the outlet mixed-fluid pressure, dwindle gateway pressure reduction, is the basic goal of multiple stage ejector.Injector is band diffuser, accessible high supercharging pressure level according to design feature.And with regard to the boost performance of injector, can select according to the characteristic of these injectors pressure ratio scopes at different levels.In conjunction with the distribution method of total pressure ratio, after analyzing relatively, can select the suitable scheme of injector types at different levels.
2; 6. 7. in adopting loop heat pipe the nano-fluid with cupric oxide one water be that medium can up be inhaled liquid state capillary structure itself; Make capillary structure be full of worker quality liquid; And when evaporimeter was heated, capillary structure also was heated, and the liquid in the capillary structure just can flash to gas; And pass through the steam conduit along the steam section to condensation segment, taken away heat simultaneously; And in condensation segment, gas has been condensed into liquid, discharges latent heat; And the capillary force of capillary structure makes liquid be back to the compensated chamber along reflux section again, and arrives capillary structure.The flow circuit and the heat transfer process of a working medium have so been formed.The effect of compensated chamber is contained in the liquid of steam section and condensation segment when mainly being startup, and prevents that when operation liquid from having little time backflow and causing evaporimeter dry.
1) appropriate design of amplitude transformer makes the hot-fluid of heat-absorbing chamber evenly distribute along circumferential with installation, and promptly the heat flux distribution situation of all heat pipes is identical;
2) thermal conductivity that heat pipe is good makes heat accumulating sections consistent along the pipe range wall temperature, and the working condition of the container on the promptly single heat pipe is identical;
3) heat pipe returns effective work of liquid core system, makes heat pipe temperature basically identical along the circumferential direction;
3; 9. the back pressure of injection pressurized hot water turbine electricity generation system uses steam ejection in the total system.Improve generating efficiency.
4; Figure (8-10) is the relation curve of injection pressure and jet coefficient; The relation curve of back pressure and steam flow; The relation curve of back pressure and jet coefficient.
Figure (11) novel flat CPL evaporation structure figure
The 1--evaporimeter; 1a--steam conduit; The 1b--capillary wick; 1c--liquid conduit; The 2--jet chimney; The 3--condenser; The 3a--steam conduit that condenses; The 3b--capillary wick; 3c--liquid conduit; The 4--discharging tube; The 5--reservoir; The 6--reservoir joins pipe; The 7--return duct; The 8--subcooler; The 9--fluid pipeline
More than accomplishing after the design of each parts, design a kind of novel Flat-type of CPL system.A kind of CPL system with plane type capillary core evaporator and condenser, shown in figure (11), evaporimeter 1 is a plane type capillary core evaporator, condenser 2 is the plane type capillary core condenser; The steam (vapor) outlet b of evaporimeter 1 is connected with the steam inlet c of condenser 2; The liquid entrance f of reservoir 3 is connected with the leakage fluid dram d of condenser 2, condensate outlet e, and the condensate outlet e of condenser 2 is connected with the withdrawing fluid inlet a of evaporimeter 1 through subcooler 4.When native system stable operation, the steam that produces in the evaporimeter 1 gets into condenser 2 through jet chimney by steam inlet c through steam (vapor) outlet b, after the condensation by liquid outlet e through subcooler 4, the withdrawing fluid of evaporimeter 1 inlet a Returning evaporimeter 1.Accomplish circulation; When load condition, evaporating temperature or system pressure change; When system need carry out dynamic adjustments; Then take the mode of reservoir 3 heating with temperature control; The exchange of the liquid working substance between the liquid entrance f through reservoir 3, the leakage fluid dram d of condenser 2 and condensate outlet e control reservoir 3 and the system, thus realize the control of reservoir 3 pairs of condensers, 2 condensation liquid levels and systemic circulation working medium quality, make system stable operation.
Claims (3)
1. adopting capillary pump loop heat pipe (CPL) is the heat exchange of a kind of high-efficiency heat transfer device of two phases as the heat absorption type heat pump, improves the utilization of condensation heat and gives full play to capillary pump loop heat pipe (CPL) evaporimeter, condenser, steam channel, fluid passage reservoir, isolator and control system (heater and temperature sensor) characteristics;
1) CPL has higher heat-transfer capability and isothermal.The pressure loss in CPL loop is little, makes the CPL system can realize long distance heat transfer.
(2) CPL has good temperature control characteristic.CPL can utilize the control system that the operating temperature in loop is regulated and control in required temperature range.Reservoir and CPL loop are connected, so the two has identical operating pressure, the operating pressure of coming regulating system through heating or condensation to reservoir, thus the heat exchange area of regulating condenser is to reach the operate in saturation temperature of control system.
(3) heat is shared characteristic.The evaporimeter of CPL can be formed in parallel by a plurality of evaporimeters; The thermic load of each evaporimeter can be very different, even the evaporimeter that has does not have load, because the swabbing action of system's internal pressure balance and each evaporimeter; It also can share the load of all the other evaporimeters, makes system temperature consistent.
(4) pressure injection characteristic.In case indivedual evaporimeters since the unexpected overload of thermic load occurs drying up, can be in service in the continuation of system, through heating reservoir, carry out pressure injection and dry evaporimeter resumed work.
(5) thermal diode characteristic.Do not have capillary structure in the condenser, so from then on heat can only play the effect of thermal diode from the evaporimeter biography to condenser.
Cupric oxide in liquid-water nano-fluid has significantly improved the thermal conductivity factor of liquid, and its reason has following two aspects:
A), because the thermal conductivity factor of solid particle is far longer than the thermal conductivity factor of liquid.The adding of solid particle has changed the structure of liquid, has strengthened the inner energy transfer process of mixture, makes the thermal conductivity factor of liquid increase.Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids increases along with the increase of nano particle volume fraction.The volume fraction of nano particle is big more, and the nano particle of liquid dispersion is many more in the unit volume, causes the microconvection of heat conduction, nano particle and the liquid of nano particle and nano particle to strengthen, and the energy transmission is accelerated, and thermal conductivity increases; The thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is relevant with the thermal conductivity factor of the material that constitutes nano particle, and the thermal conductivity factor of the material of formation nano particle is big more, and the thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is also big more.
B), because the small-size effect of nano particle, the heat pipe operating pressure is low more, nano particle opposite heat tube heat exchange invigoration effect is remarkable more, the coefficient of heat transfer maximum of heat pipe has improved 160% critical heat flux density and has improved 120%; Exist the nano particle mass concentration an of the best, under this concentration, the coefficient of heat transfer of heat pipe evaporator section is the highest.
2. see turbine electricity generation system that has the injection closed circuit of figure (3)-(6).Capital equipment has injector, pumping chamber, turbine and loop heat pipe heater.Working steam is introduced into and makes adiabatic expansion in the jet pipe; The high velocity air that produces will be heated to 90 ℃ condensation hot water introducing mixing chamber mixing; The pressure that the mixed vapour body is pressurized to 150 ℃ of hot water in the indoor adiabatic deceleration supercharging of diffusion through two-step supercharging or three grades increases to 3-5MPa and advances hot water generator corresponding with Fig. 5 (level pressure heating d-e); Get into the external work done of gas-turbine adiabatic expansion, enter the circulatory system (level pressure heat release f-o) then; Part steam temperature and pressure satisfy the required entry condition of the normal operation of injector.
3. the injection circulatory system is divided into two loops and sees that the working medium of the condensation hot water of figure (4) quality o does the external work done of circulation o-c-d-e-f-o, makes injection circulation a-b-c-d-e-o supercharging condensation hot water and quality is the working medium of a steam.Though the form of condensation hot water and steam is different, one thermodynamic properties is very approaching, and used generally speaking steam compares very for a short time with the condensation heat quality, can be left in the basket, so be that a certain amount of steam working medium is in work all the time in the whole circulation process.Adiabatic expansion process in the jet pipe is irreversible adiabatic process on figure (4).C representes vapor stream and injection condensation heat fluid mixed state in mixing chamber, and reversible process c-d representes the adiabatic compression process of mixed liquid in the diffusion chamber, and real process is irreversible with friction and shock wave.Process d-e is reduced to constant volume heating process.When whole circulation being regarded as one when whole, unit mass working medium global cycle caloric receptivity is Q, heats two parts by constant volume heating and level pressure and obtains.
Figure (5) injection cycle generating system temperature--entropy (T-S) figure.The layout and the design principle of figure (6) multistage injection pressure charging system system diagram 8..
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| CN112818468A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-18 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Design method for matching volume and working medium quantity of loop heat pipe liquid accumulator |
| CN115307469A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 西安交通大学 | Multi-source driven high-power loop heat pipe heat dissipation device |
| CN116858004A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-10 | 山东大学 | Liquid accumulator of waste heat system and waste heat recovery system thereof |
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| CN116858004A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-10 | 山东大学 | Liquid accumulator of waste heat system and waste heat recovery system thereof |
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