JP2019506119A - 薄いハイブリッド絶縁体を有する中電圧または高電圧電気機器 - Google Patents
薄いハイブリッド絶縁体を有する中電圧または高電圧電気機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019506119A JP2019506119A JP2018533617A JP2018533617A JP2019506119A JP 2019506119 A JP2019506119 A JP 2019506119A JP 2018533617 A JP2018533617 A JP 2018533617A JP 2018533617 A JP2018533617 A JP 2018533617A JP 2019506119 A JP2019506119 A JP 2019506119A
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title description 22
- AASDJASZOZGYMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C#N)C(F)(F)F AASDJASZOZGYMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- REBAWHWWWIHOCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(F)C#N REBAWHWWWIHOCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 15
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002435 L-phenylalanyl group Chemical group O=C([*])[C@](N([H])[H])([H])C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/56—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/10—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances metallic oxides
- H01B3/105—Wires with oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
- H01B7/2825—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable using a water impermeable sheath
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
- H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
- H01H2033/566—Avoiding the use of SF6
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/055—Features relating to the gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
Abstract
Description
εr=ε/ε0 (I)
ε=(e*C)/Sかつε0=1/(36π*109) (II)
式中:
・ εは材料の絶対誘電率に対応する(メートルあたりのファラド(F/m)で表される);
・ ε0は真空の誘電率に対応する(F/mで表される);
・ Cは、決定されるべき誘電率の材料の層をそれらの間に置いた2つの平行電極を含む平板キャパシタのキャパシタンス(ファラド(F)で表される)に対応し、前記層は、試験片に相当する;
・ eは平板キャパシタの2つの平行電極間の距離(メートル(m)で表される)に対応し、これは、この場合においては試験片の厚さに対応する;
・ Sは、平板キャパシタを構成する各電極の表面積(平方メートル(m2)で表される)に対応する。
(1)機器の最低利用温度よりも低い、非常に低い沸点を見せること;
(2)二酸化炭素の誘電強度を計測するために用いられるものと同一である試験条件(すなわち、同じ機器、同じ幾何学的構成、同じ操作パラメータなど)において、二酸化炭素のものを上回るかまたはそれに等しい誘電強度を見せること;
(3)ヒトおよび動物にとって毒性を持たないこと;ならびに
(4)ヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルのものよりも低いGWPを見せ、その結果、希釈ガスによってヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルを希釈することが、ヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルの環境影響を下げる効果をもまた有すること。なぜなら、ガス混合物のGWPは、対応するGWPによって乗算されたそれを作る物質のそれぞれの重量分率の合計から導出される重み付きの平均であるからである。
M=(Phe/P混合物)×100 (IV)
式中、P混合物は、20℃における機器内の混合物の全圧に相当し、Pheは、機器の最低利用温度において上で定義されているヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルが見せる飽和蒸気圧と20℃において同等である同じ単位で表される分圧に相当する。
Phe=(SVPhe×293)/(Tmin+273) (V)
式中、SVPheは、セルシウス度で表される機器の最低利用温度Tminにおける上で定義されているヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルの飽和蒸気圧に相当する。
<塗布および充填の例>
<固体絶縁体との併用>
100μmの厚さを有するDIN−EN−ISO12944D5Mに従うエポキシド型の熱硬化樹脂の粉末コーティング;
約50μmの厚さを有する、酸浴に通電することによるハード・アノダイジングによって得られる酸化アルミニウムコーティング;および
100〜400μmの厚さを有する白色エポキシド塗料。
Claims (11)
- 封止エンクロージャを有し、
前記封止エンクロージャ内には、固体誘電層で覆われた電気部品と、電気的絶縁および/または前記エンクロージャ内で生じるアークを消弧するためのガス媒体が設けられており、前記ガス媒体は希釈ガスとの混合物としてヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルを有し、
前記エンクロージャ内の前記固体誘電層の厚さは1mm未満であり、
前記誘電層は、フィラーを任意に含有するポリエポシキド樹脂、フィラーを任意に含有するポリウレタン樹脂、または、酸化アルミニウムからなることを特徴とする中または高電圧機器。 - 前記電気部品が粗鋳造部品であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の機器。
- フィラーを任意に含有するポリエポキシド樹脂またはフィラーを任意に含有するポリウレタン樹脂を含む材料から作られる前記固体誘電層が、10〜500μmの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の機器。
- 前記ポリエポキシド樹脂が、ポリエポキシド−ポリシロキサン樹脂またはポリエポキシド−ポリエステル樹脂を含むまたは前記樹脂からなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 前記フィラーがナノ粒子などの粒子の形態で存在することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 前記フィラーが、アルミナ、シリカ、酸化チタン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、珪灰石、石英、黒鉛、粘土、およびタルクからなる群から選択される材料から作られることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 酸化アルミニウムを含む材料から作られる前記固体誘電層が10〜100μmの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の機器。
- 前記固体誘電層が薄膜または粉末の形態で存在することを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 前記希釈ガスが、二酸化炭素、窒素、酸素、空気、およびその混合物から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 前記機器が、ガス絶縁された電気変圧器、電気を送電もしくは分配するためのガス絶縁線路、ネットワーク内の他の機器類への接続のための要素、または接続器/断路器であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の機器。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のフィラーを任意に含有するポリエポキシド樹脂、フィラーを任意に含有するポリウレタン樹脂、または酸化アルミニウムを含む材料から作られる1mm未満の厚さの固体絶縁層によって覆われた電気部品を有する中または高電圧機器における、電気絶縁および/またはアーク消弧のためのガスとしての、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の希釈ガスとの混合物としてのヘプタフルオロイソブチロニトリルの使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15307151.9A EP3188196B1 (fr) | 2015-12-28 | 2015-12-28 | Appareil électrique moyenne ou haute tension à isolation hybride de faible épaisseur |
EP15307151.9 | 2015-12-28 | ||
PCT/EP2016/082776 WO2017114862A1 (fr) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | Appareil électrique moyenne ou haute tension à isolation hybride de faible épaisseur |
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JP7209722B2 (ja) | 2017-12-13 | 2023-01-20 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 誘電性流体及び電気デバイス中の全フッ素化1-アルコキシプロペン |
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DE102022205691A1 (de) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-14 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Beschichtetes aktives Bauteil in einem Hochspannungsgerät und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der dielektrischen Festigkeit |
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US11017919B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
EP3188196A1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 |
EP3188196B1 (fr) | 2020-03-04 |
WO2017114862A1 (fr) | 2017-07-06 |
US20190156968A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
JP6956723B2 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
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