JP2019196386A - がんを処置するための組合せ治療 - Google Patents
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- JP2019196386A JP2019196386A JP2019134563A JP2019134563A JP2019196386A JP 2019196386 A JP2019196386 A JP 2019196386A JP 2019134563 A JP2019134563 A JP 2019134563A JP 2019134563 A JP2019134563 A JP 2019134563A JP 2019196386 A JP2019196386 A JP 2019196386A
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- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IELIFDKJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000239 visual pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004400 visual pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940061392 visudyne Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000237 vorinostat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940033942 zoladex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940061261 zolinza Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A61K31/4025—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cromakalim
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- A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract
Description
配列表の参照による組み込み
2014年10月14日に作成された「EPIZ009001WO_ST2.5.txt」という名前のテキストファイルの内容は45KBのサイズであり、その全体を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
一態様において、本発明は、以下の式(IIa)の化合物および1種以上の他の治療剤または医薬として許容されるそれらの塩もしくはエステルを含む組成物を特徴とする。
式(IIa)の化合物は、以下の特徴の1つ以上を含んでもよい。
または医薬として許容されるその塩もしくはエステルと、1種以上の他の治療剤とを含む組成物を特徴とする。
許容されるその塩と、医薬として許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物も提供する。
パラギン(N)への置換(D192N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のバリン(V)への置換(D664V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置704の野生型残基バリン(V)のロイシン(L)への置換(V704L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置132の野生型残基プロリン(P)のセリン(S)への置換(P132S)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置669の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のリシン(K)への置換(E669K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置255の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A255T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置726の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のバリン(V)への置換(E726V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置571の野生型残基システイン(C)のチロシン(Y)への置換(C571Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F145C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のトレオニン(T)への置換(N693T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のセリン(S)への置換(F145S)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置109の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(Q109H)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置622の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F622C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置135の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G135R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置168の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R168Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置159の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G159R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置310の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R310C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置561の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R561H)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置634の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R634H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置660の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G660R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置181の野生型残基チロシン(Y)のシステイン(C)への置換(Y181C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置297の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のアルギニン(R)への置換(H297R)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置612の野生型残基システイン(C)のセリン(S)への置換(C612S)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置694の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のチロシン(Y)への置換(H694Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のアラニン(A)への置換(D664A)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置150の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I150T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置264の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のアルギニン(R)への置換(I264R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置636の野生型残基プロリン(P)のロイシン(L)への置換(P636L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置713の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I713T)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置501の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のプロリン(P)への置換(Q501P)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置243の野生型残基リシン(K)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(K243Q)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置130の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(E130D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置509の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグリシン(G)への置換(R509G)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置566の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R566H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置677の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(D677H)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置466の野生型残基リシン(K)のアスパラギン(N)への置換(K466N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置78の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R78H)、配列番号6のアミノ酸位置1の野生型残基リシン(K)のメチオニン(M)への置換(K6M)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置538の野生型残基セリン(S)のロイシン(L)への置換(S538L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置149の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(L149Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置252の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L252V
)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置674の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L674V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置656の野生型残基アラニン(A)のバリン(V)への置換(A656V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置731の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y731D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置345の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A345T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置244の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y244D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置576の野生型残基システイン(C)のトリプトファン(W)への置換(C576W)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置640の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N640K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置675の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N675K)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置579の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のチロシン(Y)の置換(D579Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のイソロイシン(I)への置換(N693I)、および配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N693K)が挙げられる。
させること、腫瘍増殖を阻害すること、または対象の生存期間を増加させることによりがんを処置する効果が挙げられる。相乗効果はまた、がん細胞生存能力の低下、がん細胞死の誘導、およびがん細胞増殖の阻害または遅延を含んでもよい。
(1996)Genomics 38:30−7頁[746アミノ酸];Swiss−Prot受託番号Q15910[746アミノ酸];GenBank受託番号NM_004456およびNP_004447(アイソフォームa[751アミノ酸]);ならびにGenBank受託番号NM_152998およびNP_694543(アイソフォームb[707アミノ酸])(それぞれ、その全体を参照により本明細書に組み込む。)を参照されたい。
核受容体結合SETドメインタンパク質1(NSD1)のA鎖に基づく部分EZH2タンパク質の構造モデルは、以下に提供される。このモデルは、配列番号1のEZH2配列のアミノ酸残基533−732に対応する。
中の残基は、下線を付される。SETドメイン中の残基は斜体で示される。
配列番号7において下線付きで示されたチロシン(Y)残基は、Swiss−Prot受託番号Q15910(配列番号1)中のTyr641(Y641)である。
(配列番号8)(式中、Y641をコードするコドンは下線付きで示される。)である。
また、本出願の目的のために、ヒトEZH2のY641突然変異体、同等に、EZH2のY641突然変異体は、野生型ヒトEZH2のY641に対応するアミノ酸残基がチロシン以外のアミノ酸残基により置換されているヒトEZH2を指すことが理解されるべきである。
ミノ酸位置573の野生型残基トレオニン(T)のイソロイシン(I)への置換(T573I)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のグルタミン酸(E)への置換(D664E)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置458の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R458Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置249の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のリシン(K)への置換(E249K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置684の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R684C)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置628の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R628H)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置501の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(Q501H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置192の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のアスパラギン(N)への置換(D192N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のバリン(V)への置換(D664V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置704の野生型残基バリン(V)のロイシン(L)への置換(V704L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置132の野生型残基プロリン(P)のセリン(S)への置換(P132S)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置669の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のリシン(K)への置換(E669K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置255の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A255T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置726の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のバリン(V)への置換(E726V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置571の野生型残基システイン(C)のチロシン(Y)への置換(C571Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F145C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のトレオニン(T)への置換(N693T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のセリン(S)への置換(F145S)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置109の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(Q109H)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置622の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F622C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置135の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G135R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置168の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R168Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置159の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G159R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置310の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R310C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置561の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R561H)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置634の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R634H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置660の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G660R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置181の野生型残基チロシン(Y)のシステイン(C)への置換(Y181C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置297の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のアルギニン(R)への置換(H297R)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置612の野生型残基システイン(C)のセリン(S)への置換(C612S)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置694の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のチロシン(Y)への置換(H694Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のアラニン(A)への置換(D664A)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置150の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I150T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置264の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のアルギニン(R)への置換(I264R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置636の野生型残基プロリン(P)のロイシン(L)への置換(P636L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置713の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I713T)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置501の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のプロリン(P)への置換(Q501P)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置243の野生型残基リシン(K)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(K243Q)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置130の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(E130D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置509の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグリシン(G)への置換(R509G)、配列番
号3のアミノ酸位置566の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R566H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置677の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(D677H)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置466の野生型残基リシン(K)のアスパラギン(N)への置換(K466N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置78の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R78H)、配列番号6のアミノ酸位置1の野生型残基リシン(K)のメチオニン(M)への置換(K6M)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置538の野生型残基セリン(S)のロイシン(L)への置換(S538L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置149の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(L149Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置252の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L252V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置674の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L674V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置656の野生型残基アラニン(A)のバリン(V)への置換(A656V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置731の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y731D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置345の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A345T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置244の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y244D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置576の野生型残基システイン(C)のトリプトファン(W)への置換(C576W)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置640の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N640K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置675の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N675K)、配列番号11のアミノ酸位置579の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のチロシン(Y)の置換(D579Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のイソロイシン(I)への置換(N693I)、および配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N693K)も含んでもよい。
(式中、R7、R8、RaおよびRbは本明細書で定義される。)
の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩もしくはエステルを提供する。
または医薬として許容されるその塩である。
は出現する毎に、
と解釈されるべきである。
ル、チエタニル、1,2,3,6−テトラヒドロピリジニル、テトラヒドロピラニル、ジヒドロピラニル、ピラニル、モルホリニル、1,4−ジアゼパニル、1,4−オキサゼパニル、2−オキサ−5−アザビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタニル、2,5−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタニル、2−オキサ−6−アザスピロ[3.3]ヘプタニル、2,6−ジアザスピロ[3.3]ヘプタニル、1,4−ジオキサ−8−アザスピロ[4.5]デカニルなどが挙げられる。
るアルケニルを指す。そのような置換基としては、例えば、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、アルキルカルボニルオキシ、アリールカルボニルオキシ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ、アリールオキシカルボニルオキシ、カルボキシレート、アルキルカルボニル、アリールカルボニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アミノカルボニル、アルキルアミノカルボニル、ジアルキルアミノカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アルコキシル、ホスフェート、ホスホナト、ホスフィナト、アミノ(アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、ジアリールアミノおよびアルキルアリールアミノなど)、アシルアミノ(アルキルカルボニルアミノ、アリールカルボニルアミノ、カルバモイルおよびウレイドなど)、アミジノ、イミノ、スルフヒドリル、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、チオカルボキシレート、スルフェート、アルキルスルフィニル、スルホナト、スルファモイル、スルホンアミド、ニトロ、トリフルオロメチル、シアノ、ヘテロシクリル、アルキルアリール、または芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族部分が挙げられる。
ぶこともできる。本明細書で用いられる場合、「ヘテロアリール」という用語は、炭素原子と、窒素、酸素および硫黄からなる群から独立に選択される、1個以上のヘテロ原子、例えば、1もしくは1−2個または1−3もしくは1−4個または1−5もしくは1−6個のヘテロ原子、または例えば、1、2、3、4、5、もしくは6個のヘテロ原子とからなる安定な5、6もしくは7員の単環式または7、8、9、10、11もしくは12員の二環式芳香族ヘテロ環を含むことが意図される。窒素原子は、置換されていても、または非置換であってもよい(すなわち、NまたはNR(式中、RはHもしくは定義されたような他の置換基である。))。窒素および硫黄ヘテロ原子は、場合によって酸化されていてもよい(すなわち、N→OおよびS(O)p(式中、p=1または2である。))。芳香族ヘテロ環中のSおよびO原子の総数は1以下であることに留意すべきである。
ル、シクロヘプテニル、アダマンチル、シクロオクチル、シクロオクテニル、シクロオクタジエニル、フルオレニル、フェニル、ナフチル、インダニル、アダマンチルおよびテトラヒドロナフチルが挙げられる。また、架橋された環も炭素環の定義に含まれ、例えば、[3.3.0]ビシクロオクタン、[4.3.0]ビシクロノナン、[4.4.0]ビシクロデカンおよび[2.2.2]ビシクロオクタンが挙げられる。架橋環は、1個以上の炭素原子が2個の非隣接炭素原子を連結する場合に生じる。一実施形態において、架橋環は、1個または2個の炭素原子である。架橋は常に単環を三環に変換することに留意されたい。環が架橋される場合、環について記載される置換基も架橋上に存在してもよい。融合環(例えば、ナフチル、テトラヒドロナフチル)およびスピロ環も含まれる。
ト置換基は芳香族部分上に存在しない。環の二重結合は、本明細書で用いられる場合、2個の隣接する環原子の間で形成される二重結合(例えば、C=C、C=NまたはN=N)である。「安定な化合物」および「安定な構造」は、反応混合物からの有用な純度までの単離および有効な治療剤への製剤化を切り抜けるのに十分に強固である化合物を示すことを意味する。
テロ芳香族部分などの基で置換されていてもよい。
キシまたはN−アルコキシ化合物に変換することができる。例えば、N−ヒドロキシ化合物を、m−CPBAなどの酸化剤による親アミンの酸化によって調製することができる。全ての示された、特許請求された窒素含有化合物も、価数および構造により許容される場合、示されるような化合物と、そのN−ヒドロキシ(すなわち、N−OH)およびN−アルコキシ(すなわち、N−OR(式中、Rは置換もしくは非置換C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6アルケニル、C1−C6アルキニル、3−14員炭素環もしくは3−14員ヘテロ環))誘導体との両方を包含するとも考えられる。
された立体異性体の型である。アトロプ異性体は、その存在を、中心結合の周囲の大きい基の回転の束縛により引き起こされる制限回転に負う。そのようなアトロプ異性体は、典型的には、混合物として存在するが、クロマトグラフィー技術の最近の進歩の結果として、選択された事例において2つのアトロプ異性体の混合物を分離することが可能となっている。
物上の正に荷電した基(例えば、アミノ)との間で形成させることができる。好適なアニオンとしては、塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、重硫酸塩、スルファミン酸塩、硝酸塩、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、トリフルオロ酢酸塩、グルタミン酸塩、グルクロン酸塩、グルタル酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、マレイン酸塩、コハク酸塩、フマル酸塩、酒石酸塩、トシル酸塩、サリチル酸塩、乳酸塩、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩、および酢酸塩(例えば、トリフルオロ酢酸塩)が挙げられる。「医薬として許容されるアニオン」という用語は、医薬として許容される塩を形成させるのに好適なアニオンを指す。同様に、塩を、カチオンと、アリール−またはヘテロアリール−置換ベンゼン化合物上の負に荷電した基(例えば、カルボキシレート)との間で形成させることもできる。好適なカチオンとしては、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、およびアンモニウムイオン、例えば、テトラメチルアンモニウムイオンが挙げられる。また、アリール−またはヘテロアリール−置換ベンゼン化合物として、第四級窒素原子を含有するそれらの塩も挙げられる。塩形態において、化合物と、塩のカチオンまたはアニオンとの比率は、1:1であってよく、または1:1以外の任意の比率、例えば、3:1、2:1、1:2または1:3であってもよいことが理解される。
−PAM、リソドレン、Matulane(登録商標)、mithracin、マイトマイシン−C、Myleran(登録商標)、Navelbine(登録商標)、Neutrexin(登録商標)、ニロチニブ、Nipent(登録商標)、窒素マスタード、Novantrone(登録商標)、Oncaspar(登録商標)、Panretin(登録商標)、Paraplatin(登録商標)、Platinol(登録商標)、カルムスチンインプラントを含むプロリフェプロスパン20、Sandostatin(登録商標)、Targretin(登録商標)、Tasigna(登録商標)、Taxotere(登録商標)、Temodar(登録商標)、TESPA、Trisenox(登録商標)、Valstar(登録商標)、Velban(登録商標)、Vidaza(商標)、硫酸ビンクリスチン、VM 26、Xeloda(登録商標)およびZanosar(登録商標));生物製剤(例えば、アルファインターフェロン、Bacillus Calmette−Guerin、Bexxar(登録商標)、Campath(登録商標)、Ergamisol(登録商標)、エルロチニブ、Herceptin(登録商標)、インターロイキン−2、Iressa(登録商標)、レナリドミド、Mylotarg(登録商標)、Ontak(登録商標)、Pegasys(登録商標)、Revlimid(登録商標)、Rituxan(登録商標)、Tarceva(商標)、Thalomid(登録商標)、Tykerb(登録商標)、Velcade(登録商標)およびZevalin(商標));コルチコステロイド(例えば、デキサメタゾンリン酸ナトリウム、DeltaSone(登録商標)およびDelta−Cortef(登録商標));ホルモン療法剤(例えば、Arimidex(登録商標)、Aromasin(登録商標)、Casodex(登録商標)、Cytadren(登録商標)、Eligard(登録商標)、Eulexin(登録商標)、Evista(登録商標)、Faslodex(登録商標)、Femara(登録商標)、Halotestin(登録商標)、Megace(登録商標)、Nilandron(登録商標)、Nolvadex(登録商標)、Plenaxis(商標)およびZoladex(登録商標));ならびに放射性医薬品(例えば、Iodotope(登録商標)、Metastron(登録商標)、Phosphocol(登録商標)およびSamarium SM−153)からなる群から選択される。
ce);ロイプロリド(Lupron;Lupron Depot;Eligard;Viadur);フルベストラント(Faslodex);レトロゾール(Femara);トリプトレリン(Trelstar LA;Trelstar Depot);エキセメスタン(Aromasin);ゴセレリン(Zoladex);ビカルタミド(Casodex);アナストロゾール(Arimidex);フルオキシメステロン(Androxy;Halotestin);メドロキシプロゲステロン(Provera;Depo−Provera);エストラムスチン(Emcyt);フルタミド(Eulexin);トレミフェン(Fareston);デガレリックス(Firmagon);ニルタミド(Nilandron);アバレリックス(Plenaxis);またはテストラクトン(Teslac)が挙げられる。
ロ−2,4−ジヒドロキシピリミジン−1Mオキソン酸カリウム)、またはロバスタチンが挙げられる。
AKを標的とする。)、WHI−P131(JAKを標的とする。)、ソラフェニブ/Nexavar(RAFキナーゼ、VEGFR−1、VEGFR−2、VEGFR−3、PDGFR−β、KIT、FLT−3、およびRETを標的とする。)、Dasatinib/Sprycel(BCR/ABLおよびSrc)、AC−220(Flt3を標的とする。)、AC−480(全てのHERタンパク質、「panHER」を標的とする。)、Motesanibジホスフェート(VEGF1−3、PDGFRおよびc−kitを標的とする。)、Denosumab(RANKLを標的とし、SRCを阻害する。)、AMG888(HER3を標的とする。)、ならびにAP24534(Flt3などの複数を標的とする。)が挙げられる。
して許容されるその塩と、1種以上の治療剤とを含む医薬組成物も提供する。別の態様において、本発明はまた、本明細書に記載の疾患または状態を処置または防止する用量の、医薬として好適な担体または賦形剤と混合した、化合物44
または医薬として許容されるその塩と、1種以上の治療剤とを含む医薬組成物も提供する。本発明の医薬組成物を、他の治療剤または治療モダリティと共に、同時に、逐次的に、または交互に投与することもできる。
学的使用ならびにヒト医薬としての使用にとって許容される賦形剤を含む。本明細書および特許請求の範囲において用いられる「医薬として許容される賦形剤」は、1つおよび1つを超えるそのような賦形剤の両方を含む。
ラクトースなどの賦形剤、アルギン酸、Primogel、もしくはコーンスターチなどの崩壊剤;ステアリン酸マグネシウムもしくはSteroteなどの潤滑剤;コロイド性二酸化ケイ素などの流動促進剤;スクロースもしくはサッカリンなどの甘味剤;またはペパーミント、サリチル酸メチル、もしくはオレンジ香料などの香味剤を含有してもよい。
の直径の減少は退縮を示す。退縮はまた、処置が停止した後に腫瘍が再発することができないことによっても示される。本明細書で用いられる「用量有効様式」という用語は、対象または細胞中で所望の生物学的効果をもたらす活性化合物の量を指す。
本発明を実施するのに有用な他の成分および方法を同定および使用することができる。
を用いて刺激することができる。従って、本発明の化合物により処置することができる疾患としては、良性細胞増殖および悪性細胞増殖などの過増殖性疾患が挙げられる。
ーニングによる対象のための個別化医療、処置および/またはがん管理を提供する。例えば、本発明は、組合せ治療に対する対象の応答性を決定し、対象が組合せ治療に応答する場合、対象に本発明の組成物を投与することによって、それを必要とする対象におけるがんまたは前がん状態の症状を処置または軽減するための方法を提供する。応答性は、対象から試料を取得し、本明細書に記載の1個以上のEZH2突然変異を検出することによって決定され、そのような1個以上の本明細書に記載のEZH2突然変異は、対象が本発明の組成物に応答することを示す。一度、対象の応答性が決定されたら、治療上有効量の組成物、例えば、式(IIa)の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩と、1種以上の治療剤とを含む組成物を投与することができる。組成物の治療上有効量は、当業者によって決定され得る。
症性腸疾患;クローン病;乾癬;湿疹;潰瘍性大腸炎;膵臓線維症;肝臓線維症;急性および慢性腎疾患;過敏性腸症候群;発熱;再狭窄;脳マラリア;脳卒中および虚血傷害;神経外傷;アルツハイマー病;ハンチントン病;パーキンソン病;急性および慢性疼痛;アレルギー性鼻炎;アレルギー性結膜炎;慢性心不全;急性冠症候群;悪液質;マラリア症;ハンセン病;リーシュマニア症;ライム病;ライター症候群;急性滑膜炎;筋肉変性、滑液包炎;腱炎;腱滑膜炎;ヘルニア状態の脱腸、または椎間板ヘルニア症候群;大理石骨病;血栓症;再狭窄;珪肺;肺肉腫;骨粗鬆症などの骨再吸収疾患;移植片対宿主反応;多発性硬化症;狼瘡;線維筋痛;AIDSならびに帯状疱疹、単純ヘルペスIまたはII、インフルエンザウイルスおよびサイトメガロウイルスなどの他のウイルス疾患;および糖尿病が挙げられる。
い。好ましくは、本発明の組成物を用いて、本発明の血液がんまたは本発明の血液細胞増殖障害からなる群から選択されるがんを処置することができる。本発明の血液がんは、多発性骨髄腫、リンパ腫(ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、小児リンパ腫、ならびにリンパ球および皮膚起源のリンパ腫など)、白血病(小児白血病、ヘアリー細胞白血病、急性リンパ球性白血病、急性骨髄球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、慢性骨髄球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、およびマスト細胞白血病など)、骨髄新生物およびマスト細胞新生物を含んでもよい。
でもよい。個体が結腸の細胞増殖障害を発症する素因であり得る現在の疾患は、クローン病および潰瘍性大腸炎を含んでもよい。結腸の細胞増殖障害は、p53、ras、FAPおよびDCCからなる群から選択される遺伝子における突然変異を伴ってもよい。個体は、p53、ras、FAPおよびDCCからなる群から選択される遺伝子における突然変異の存在に起因して結腸の細胞増殖障害を発症するリスクが高くてもよい。
よい。乳房の前がん状態は、American Joint Committee on
Cancer(AJCC)により許容されるTNM分類スキームに従って段階評価され得る。そこで、原発腫瘍(T)はT0またはTisのステージを割り当てられている;局所リンパ節(N)はN0のステージを割り当てられている;遠隔転移(M)はM0のステージを割り当てられている。
がんは、陽性のセンチネルリンパ節(SLN)生検と関連する乳房の腫瘍を含んでもよい。処置される乳がんは、1つ以上の陽性腋窩リンパ節と関連する乳房の腫瘍を含んでもよく、この場合、腋窩リンパ節は任意の適用可能な方法により段階評価されたものである。処置される乳がんは、結節陰性状態(例えば、結節陰性)または結節陽性状態(例えば、結節陽性)を有すると分類されている。処置される乳がんは、身体中の他の位置に転移した乳房の腫瘍を含んでもよい。処置される乳がんを、骨、肺、肝臓、または脳からなる群から選択される位置に転移したものと分類することができる。処置される乳がんを、転移性、局所性、限局性、局所限局性、局部進行性、遠隔性、多中心性、両側性、同側性、対側性、新規診断性、再発性、および手術不能性からなる群から選択される特徴に従って分類することができる。
situの小葉がん(LCIS)、小葉新生物、または乳房のステージ0の増殖もしくは病変(例えば、ステージ0もしくはグレード0の乳がん、またはin situのがん腫)を有する対象である。
)、PN0(mol+)、PN1、PN1(mi)、PN1a、PN1b、PN1c、pN2、pN2a、pN2b、pN3、pN3a、pN3b、またはpN3cのAJCC病理分類(pN)に従って段階評価することができる。
和物の投与を含む。
もたらし得る。好ましくは、処置後に、転移病変数は、処置前の数と比較して5%以上減少する;より好ましくは、転移病変数は、10%以上減少する;より好ましくは、20%以上減少する;より好ましくは、30%以上減少する;より好ましくは、40%以上減少する;さらにより好ましくは、50%以上減少する;および最も好ましくは、75%を超えて減少する。転移病変数を、任意の再現性のある測定手段により測定することができる。転移病変数を、裸眼で見えるまたは特定の倍率で見える転移病変を計数することにより測定することができる。好ましくは、特定の倍率は、2x、3x、4x、5x、10x、または50xである。
%減少する;より好ましくは、少なくとも40%減少する;より好ましくは、少なくとも50%減少する;さらにより好ましくは、少なくとも50%減少する;および最も好ましくは、少なくとも75%減少する。異常な細胞の外見または形態を、任意の再現性のある測定手段によって測定することができる。異常な細胞形態を、顕微鏡により、例えば、倒立組織培養顕微鏡を用いて測定することができる。異常な細胞形態は、核多形性の形態を取ってもよい。
質メチルトランスフェラーゼアイソザイムベータと比較したタンパク質メチルトランスフェラーゼアイソザイムアルファの優先的阻害または刺激)を意味する。好ましくは、本発明の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩、プロドラッグ、代謝物、多形体もしくは溶媒和物は、生物学的効果を達成するために必要とされる用量の、最小で4倍の差異、好ましくは10倍の差異、より好ましくは50倍の差異を示す。好ましくは、本発明の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩、プロドラッグ、代謝物、多形体もしくは溶媒和物は、阻害の範囲にわたってこの差異を示し、この差異は対象の分子標的に関するIC50、すなわち、50%阻害で例示される。
光顕微鏡および光学顕微鏡により測定することができる。細胞死を測定する方法は、Liら、Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.100(5):2674−8頁、2003に示されている。一態様において、細胞死はアポトーシスにより起こる。
N−((4,6−ジメチル−2−オキソ−1,2−ジヒドロピリジン−3−イル)メチル)−5−(エチル(テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル)アミノ)−4−メチル−4’−(モルホリノメチル)−[1,1’−ビフェニル]3−カルボキサミドの合成
31 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H).
、固体として表題の化合物(290g、97%収率)が得られた。単離された化合物を、次のステップに直接取った。1H NMR (CDCl3,400MHz) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.
91 (s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H).
, 3H), 3.80 (bs, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H).
H), 5.00 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 3.84-3.87 (m, 2H),3.79 (s, 3H), 3
.54-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.43 (t, 2H, J=12 Hz), 2.14(s, 3H), 1.81-
1.84 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.55 (m, 2H).
MHz) δ 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 3.80(bs, 5H), 3.31 (t, 2H),
2.97-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 1.52-
1.61 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.50 (m, 2H), 0.87 (t, 3H,J=6.8 Hz).
eOH(200mL X3)で抽出し、合わせた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで脱水し、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮したところ、対応する酸(14g、100%)が得られた。
0 (s, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 4.23(d, 2H, J=4.4 Hz),
3.81 (d, 2H, J=10.4 Hz), 3.20-3.26 (m, 2H),3.00-3.07 (m, 1
H), 2.91-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.14(s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3
H), 1.58-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.50 (m, 2H), 0.78(t, 3H, J=6.8
Hz).
ODS−A 150mm x 4.6mm x 5μ;移動相:A;水中の0.05%
TFA/B;アセトニトリル中の0.05%TFA;注入容量:10μL、カラム温度:30℃;流量:1.4mL/min;勾配:8minに5%のBから95%のB、1.5min保持、9.51−12min 5%のB);1HNMR(DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ
11.46 (s, 1H), 8.19 (t, 1H), 7.57 (d, 2H,J=7.2 Hz), 7.36-7.
39 (m, 3H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 4.28(d, 2H, J=2.8 Hz),
3.82 (d, 2H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.57 (bs, 4H), 3.48(s, 2H), 3.24 (t, 2H, J=10.8Hz), 3.07-3.09(m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 1H),2.36 (m, 4H),
2.24 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.67(m, 2H),
1.51-1.53 (m, 2H), 0.83 (t, 3H, J=6.4 Hz).
150mm x 4.6mm x5μ;移動相:A;水中の0.05%TFA/B;アセトニトリル中の0.05%TFA;注入容量:10μL、カラム温度:30℃;流量:1.4mL/min;勾配:8minに5%のBから95%のB、1.5min保持、9.51−12min 5%のB);1HNMR (D2O400 MHz) δ 7.92 (bs, 1H,)
7.80 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz), 7.63(s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H),
6.30 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.09-4.11(m, 4H),
3.95-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.77 (t, 3H, J=10.4Hz), 3.44-3.47 (m,
3H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.26 (s,
3H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.04 (t, 3H,J=6.8 Hz).
化合物44とCHOP成分との組合せ治療
ヒトリンパ腫細胞系WSU−DLCL2(DSMZ;ACC575)、OCI−Ly19(DSMZ;ACC528)、RL(ATCC;CRL−2261)を、示された供給源から取得し、10%ウシ胎仔血清および2mMグルタミンを添加したRPMI−1640培地中で維持した。細胞を、37℃の加湿インキュベータ中、5%CO2および95%
空気の雰囲気中、組織培養フラスコ中で培養した。
化合物44とプレドニゾロンとの組合せ治療の相乗効果は投薬計画に依存する
細胞生存能力に対する化合物44とプレドニゾロンとの投与のタイミングの役割を調査するために、WSU−DLCL2細胞は図1に記載のような様々な投薬スケジュールで処理された。細胞生存能力は、Millipore Guava ViaCount Reagentを用いる染色により決定され、次いで、フローサイトメトリーにより分析された。
化合物44とプレドニゾロンとの相乗効果はEZH2突然変異に依存する
異なるEZH2突然変異を担持する異なるヒトリンパ腫がん細胞系を、化合物44およびプレドニゾロンに対するそれらの応答性について分析した。細胞を最初に化合物44で処理した後、4日後、化合物44とプレドニゾロンとの組合せで処理する図1Aのような投薬スケジュールで細胞を処理した。細胞生存能力は、Millipore Guava
ViaCount試薬およびフローサイトメトリー分析を用いて4日後に決定された。細胞生存能力のパーセンテージを、DMSO処理された試料のパーセンテージに対して正規化した。
化合物44とCHOP成分とのインビボでの同時投与の薬物動態分析
それぞれのCHOP成分(シクロホスファミド、ビンクリスチン、ドキソルビシン、およびプレドニゾロン)と組み合わせた化合物44の薬物動態分析を実施して、インビボでの化合物44の吸収または分布を決定した。12週齢および体重20−40gのオスのBALB/cを、In vivo、Bengaluru、Indiaから取得した。動物は、単一の薬剤として、または化合物44と組み合わせてCHOP成分の1つを投与された。シクロホスファミドは、30mg/kgで腹腔内注射により投与された。ビンクリスチンは、0.375mg/kgで静脈内注射により投与された。ドキソルビシンは、2.475mg/kgで静脈内注射により投与された。プレドニゾロンは、0.15mg/kg
で経口投与により投与された。化合物44は、経口投与により225mg/kgで投与された。血漿試料は、投与後24時間の経過にわたって様々な時点で取得された。
マウス異種移植モデルにおける化合物44とCHOPとの組合せ治療の分析
マウス
メスのFox Chase SCID(登録商標)マウス(CB17/Icr−Prkdcscid/IcrIcoCrl、Charles River Laboratories)または無胸腺ヌードマウス(Crl:NU(Ncr)−Foxn1nu、Charles River Laboratories)は、試験の1日目に8週齢であり、16.0−21.1gの体重(BW)範囲を有していた。動物は、水(逆浸透1ppm Cl)ならびに18.0%の未精製タンパク質、5.0%の未精製脂肪、および5.0%の未精製繊維からなるNIH31 Modified and Irradiated Lab Diet(登録商標)を自由裁量で供給された。マウスは、20−22℃(68−72°F)および40−60%湿度で12時間の光周期で静止マイクロ単離器中、照射されたEnrich−o’cobs(商標)寝床上で飼育した。全ての手順は、拘束、畜産、外科的手順、飼料および飲料の規制、ならびに獣医医療に関するGuide for
Care and Use of Laboratory Animalsの推奨に従う。
ヒトリンパ腫細胞系は、異なる供給源(ATCC、DSMZ)から取得され、100ユニット/mLのペニシリンGナトリウム塩、100g/mLのストレプトマイシン、および25g/mLのゲンタマイシンを含有するRPMI1640培地中、懸濁培養物としてPiedmontで維持されたものであった。培地は10%ウシ胎仔血清および2mMグルタミンを添加された。細胞は、5%CO2および95%空気の雰囲気中、37℃で加湿インキュベータ中の組織培養フラスコ中で培養された。
ヒトリンパ腫細胞系は、対数中期の増殖中に収穫され、50%Matrigel(商標)(BD Biosciences)を含むPBS中に再懸濁された。それぞれのマウス
は、右脇腹に皮下的に1x107個の細胞(0.2mLの細胞懸濁液)を受けた。平均体積が所望の80−120mm3の範囲に到達した時、腫瘍を2次元でカリパスで測って、増殖をモニタリングした。mm3での腫瘍サイズを、
(式中、w=腫瘍の幅およびl=腫瘍の長さ(mm)である。)
から算出した。腫瘍重量を、1mgが1mm3の腫瘍体積と等しいとの仮定を用いて評価することができる。10−30日後(用いた細胞系に依存する。)、108−126mm3の腫瘍を有するマウスを、117−119mm3の平均腫瘍体積を有する処置群に選別した。
式(IIa)の化合物は室温で保存され、光から保護された。それぞれの処置日に、脱イオン水中の0.5%ナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロース(NaCMC)および0.1%Tween(登録商標)80中に粉末を懸濁することにより、新鮮な化合物製剤を調製した。脱イオン水中の化合物44ビヒクル、0.5%NaCMCおよび0.1%Tween(登録商標)80を用いて、同じスケジュールで対照群を処置した。製剤は投与前に4℃で光から遠ざけて保存された。
マウスを、75−600mg/kgの範囲の化合物用量ならびに強制経口投与または静脈内、腹腔内もしくは皮下経路を介する注射により様々な日量についてTID(8hごとに1日3回)、BID(12hごとに1日2回)またはQD(1日1回)のスケジュールで処置した。各用量を0.2mL用量/20gマウス(10mL/kg)で送達し、個々の動物の最後の記録された体重について調整した。最大の処置の長さは28日であった。
処置の有効性は、最後の処置日に決定された。最後の日に評価可能である、MTV(n)、動物数(n)に関する中央腫瘍体積を、各群について決定した。パーセント腫瘍増殖阻害(%TGI)を、いくつかの方法で定義することができる。第1に、指定の対照群のMTV(n)と、薬物処置群のMTV(n)との差異は、対照群のMTV(n)のパーセンテージとして表される:
あるいは、腫瘍増殖遅延分析のために最後の処置日の後もマウスを生きたまま保持した。腫瘍を週に2回カリパスで測定し、その新生物が2000mm3の終点体積に達した時、または予め特定された試験の最終日のいずれか最初に来た時に、それぞれの試験動物を安楽死させた。各マウスの終点までの時間(TTE)を、以下の式:
(式中、bは切片であり、mは対数変換された腫瘍増殖データセットの線形回帰により得られた直線の勾配である。)
から算出した。このデータセットは、試験終点体積を超える最初の観察および終点体積の実現の直前の3回の連続する観察から構成されていた。体積終点に達しなかった動物は、試験の最終日(予め特定された。)と等しいTTE値を割り当てられた。処置関連(TR)死と分類された動物はいずれも、死亡日と等しいTTE値を割り当てられた。非処置関連(NTR)死と分類された動物はいずれも、TTEの算出および全てのさらなる分析から除外された。
から、または対照群の中央TTEのパーセンテージ:
(式中、T=処置群の中央TTEであり、C=対照群の中央TTEである。)
として決定した。
動物は1−5日目まで毎日、次いで試験の完了まで週に2回体重計測された。マウスを、任意の有害な処置関連副作用の明白な徴候について頻繁に試験し、それを文書化した。最大許容用量(MTD)に関する許容される毒性は、試験中の20%未満の群平均BW喪失およびTR死に起因する10%以下の死亡率と定義された。死亡は、それが臨床徴候および/もしくは検視により証明されるような処置副作用に起因する、または投薬期間の未知の原因に起因する場合、TRと分類された。死亡が処置副作用と関連しない証拠があった場合、死亡はNTRと分類された。投薬間隔中のNTR死は、典型的には、NTRa(事故もしくはヒューマンエラーに起因する。)またはNTRm(侵襲および/もしくは転移による検視により確認された腫瘍播種に起因する。)と分類される。投薬期間に未知の原因で死亡する経口処置された動物は、群性能がTR分類を支持せず、投薬エラーを除外するための検視が実現可能ではない場合、NTRuと分類され得る。
試験中の数日目に、マウスを予め特定された様式でサンプリングした。サンプリングは、麻酔なしの下顎静脈からの非終末出血(0.25mL)およびCO2麻酔下での終末心穿刺による全容量血液採取を含んでいた。血液試料を、抗凝固剤としてK2−EDTAを用いて血漿に処理した。血漿試料を−80℃で凍結し、化合物レベルの生物分析の前に保存した。
全ての統計およびグラフ分析は、Windows用のPrism 3.03(GraphPad)を用いて実施された。いくつかの分析方法が適用された。中央D29腫瘍体積を、Kruskal−Wallis検定、およびポストホックDunnの多重比較検定を用いて比較した。これらの検定を3回実施した。
いずれかが用いられた。
ヒストンの単離のために、60−90mgの腫瘍組織を、1.5mlの核抽出バッファー(10mM Tris−HCl、10mM MgCl2、25mM KCl、1%Triton X−100、8.6%スクロース+Rocheプロテアーゼ阻害剤錠剤1836145)中でホモジェナイズし、氷上で5分間インキュベートした。核を4℃で5分間、600gでの遠心分離により回収し、PBS中で1回洗浄した。上清を除去し、ヒストンを1時間、15分毎にボルテックスしながら、0.4N冷硫酸を用いて抽出した。抽出物を4℃で10分間、10000gでの遠心分離により明澄化し、10x容量の氷冷アセトンを含有する新鮮なマイクロ遠心管に移した。ヒストンを−20℃で2時間−一晩沈降させ、10000gで10分間遠心分離によりペレット化し、水中に再懸濁した。
ヒストンを、上記のように腫瘍試料から抽出した。ヒストンを、コーティングバッファー(PBS+0.05%BSA)中で等濃度で調製し、0.5ng/μlの試料を得て、100μlの試料または標準物を2個の96ウェルELISAプレート(Thermo Labsystems、Immulon 4HBX#3885)に2回添加した。プレートを密封し、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。次の日、プレートをBio Tekプレート洗浄器上で300μl/ウェルのPBST(PBS+0.05%Tween20;10X PBST、KPL#51−14−02)で3回洗浄した。プレートを300μl/ウェルの希釈剤(PBS+2%BSA+0.05%Tween20)でブロックし、RTで2時間インキュベートし、PBSTで3回洗浄した。全ての抗体は希釈剤中に希釈された。100μl/ウェルの抗H3K27me3(CST#9733、50%グリセロールストック 1:1,000)または抗全H3(Abcam ab1791、50%グリセロール 1:10,000)を各プレートに添加した。プレートをRTで90分間インキュベートし、PBSTで3回洗浄した。100μl/ウェルの抗Rb−IgG−HRP(Cell Signaling Technology、7074)を1:2,000でH3K27Me3プレートに、1:6,000でH3プレートに添加し、RTで90分間インキュベートした。プレートをPBSTで4回洗浄した。検出のために、100μl/ウェルのTMB基質(BioFx Laboratories、#TMBS)を添加し、プレートを暗室中、RTで5分間インキュベートした。反応を100μl/ウェルの1N H2SO4で停止させた。450nmでの吸光度をSpectaMax M5マイクロプレートリーダー上で読み取った。
インビボでの腫瘍増殖阻害に対する、化合物44およびCHOPと組み合わせた化合物44を用いる処置の有効性を、SUDHL6異種移植モデルにおいて決定した。腫瘍増殖
および生存率の比較は、化合物44とCHOPとの投与が腫瘍増殖を阻害するまたは遅延させ、腫瘍担持マウスの生存期間を増加させることを確立した。無胸腺ヌードマウスに、1x107個のSUDHL6ヒトリンパ腫細胞を皮下注射した。化合物44は、示された濃度(75mg/kg、150mg/kg、または225mg/kg)で1日1回(QD)、1日2回(BID)、または1日3回(TID)投与された。マウスは1日目および8日目にCHOPを受けた。腫瘍体積を、週に2回、60日の終点まで、または腫瘍体積が200mm3に達した時のいずれか最初に来た方まで測定した。
インビボでの腫瘍増殖阻害に対する、化合物44およびCHOPと組み合わせた化合物44による処置の有効性を、WSU−DLCL2異種移植モデルにおいて決定した。腫瘍増殖の比較は、化合物44とCHOPの投与が腫瘍担持マウスの腫瘍増殖を阻害するまたは遅延させることを確立した。SCIDマウスに、1x107個のWSU−DLCL2ヒトリンパ腫細胞を皮下注射した。化合物44は、示された濃度(150mg/kg、225mg/kg、300mg/kg、または600mg/kg)で1日1回(QD)、1日2回(BID)、または1日3回(TID)投与された。マウスは1日目および22日目にCHOPを受けた(1日目および8日目にCHOPはSCIDマウスにおいて許容されなかった。)。腫瘍体積を、28日の終点まで週に2回測定した。
インビボでの腫瘍増殖阻害に対する、化合物44およびCOP(シクロホスファミド、オンコビン[ビンクリスチン]、およびプレドニゾン)と組み合わせた化合物44を用い
る処置の有効性を、SUDHL10異種移植モデルにおいて決定した。腫瘍増殖の比較は、化合物44とCOPの投与が腫瘍担持マウスの腫瘍増殖を阻害するまたは遅延させることを確立した。SCIDマウスに、1x107個のSUDHL10ヒトリンパ腫細胞を皮下注射した。化合物44を、示された濃度(125mg/kg、250mg/kg、または500mg/kg)で1日2回(BID)、または1日3回(TID)投与した。マウスは1日目および22日目にCOPを受けた(1日目および8日目のCHOPはSCIDマウスにおいて許容されなかった。)。腫瘍体積を28日の終点まで週に2回測定した。コホートの半分を処置の28日後に安楽死させたが、他の半分を腫瘍増殖遅延の分析のために60日の終点まで分析した。
よりも小さい腫瘍を有しただけでなく、有意で永続的な腫瘍増殖遅延も示した。
化合物44と抗がん剤との組合せ治療の相乗効果
方法
ヒトリンパ腫細胞系WSU−DLCL2(DSMZ;ACC575)、SU−DHL−10(DSMZ;ACC576)、およびToledo(ATCC;CRL−2631)は、示された供給源から得られたものであり、10%−20%の熱不活化ウシ胎仔血清および2mMグルタミンを添加したRPMI−1640培地中で維持された。細胞は、5%CO2および95%空気の雰囲気中、37℃の加湿インキュベータ中の組織培養フラスコ中で培養された。WSU−DLCL2およびSU−DHL−10は、Y641 EZH2突然変異を含有し、Toledo細胞系はWT EZH2を含有する。
中央効果式を用いる組合せ薬物のためのChou−Talalay法(Chou 2006)に基づくBiosoftによるソフトウェアパッケージCalcusynを用いて、相乗効果が決定された。第1に、生の発光値を、各プレート上に配置された最大阻害に関する対照および最小阻害対照に関するDMSO処置細胞を用いて算出された阻害率(%)または影響された画分(Fa)に変換した。それぞれの一定の比率の化合物組合せの阻害率(%)値をCalcusynに入力して、組合せ指数値を決定した。1未満の組合せ
指数値は、相乗効果を示していた。
化合物44と、AraC、シスプラチン、ドキソルビシン、デシタビン、またはエベロリムスのいずれかとを用いるWSU−DLCL2細胞およびSU−DHL−10細胞の処理は、細胞生存能力の相乗的低下を示した。WSU−DLCL2細胞およびSU−DHL−10細胞における化合物44とデシタビンとの組合せに関する組合せ指数値は0.1未満であったが、これはChou−Talalayの特性評価(Chou 2006)による非常に強力な相乗作用を意味する。化合物44とエベロリムスとの組合せに関する組合せ指数値は、WSU−DLCL2細胞において0.1未満であり、SU−DHL−10細胞において0.1−0.3であったが、これはそれぞれ非常に強力な相乗作用および強力な相乗作用を意味する。WSU−DLCL2細胞およびSU−DHL−10細胞における化合物44とAraC、シスプラチン、またはドキソルビシンのいずれかとの組合せは、0.3−0.7の組合せ指数値を有していたが、これは相乗作用を意味する(Chou 2006)。化合物44とプレドニゾロンとの組合せは、化合物44の効力を、プレドニゾロンの最高用量で、WSU−DLCL2細胞については7倍およびSU−DHL−10細胞については3倍増強した。さらに、化合物44とデキサメタゾンとの組合せは、化合物44の効力を、デキサメタゾンの最高用量で、WSU−DLCL2細胞については17倍およびSU−DHL−10細胞については3倍増強した。
本明細書で引用される全ての刊行物および特許文献は、あたかもそれぞれのそのような刊行物または文献を参照により本明細書に組み込むと具体的および個々に示されたように、参照により本明細書に組み込む。刊行物および特許文献の引用は、いずれも関連のある先行技術であるとの承認と意図されず、その内容または日付に関するいかなる承認も構成するものでもない。本発明は明細書によってここに記載されてきたが、当業者であれば、本発明が様々な実施形態において実施され得ること、ならびに前記説明および以下の実施例が例示目的のものであり、以下の特許請求の範囲を限定するものではないことを認識する。
本発明は、その精神または本質的な特徴から逸脱することなく、他の特定の形態において具現化され得る。前記実施形態は、従って、本明細書に記載の本発明に対する限定よりもむしろ、全ての点で例示的であると考えられる。かくして、本発明の範囲は、前記説明によってよりもむしろ添付の特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲の等価性の意味および範囲内にある全ての変化が、そこに包含されると意図される。
(項1)
式(IIa):
RaおよびRbはそれぞれ独立に、Hである、または1個以上の−Q3−T3(式中、Q3は結合である、または非置換もしくは置換C1−C3アルキルリンカーであり、T3はH、ハロ、4から7員のヘテロシクロアルキル、C1−C3アルキル、ORd、COORd、−S(O)2Rd、もしくは−NRdReであり、RdおよびReはそれぞれ独立に、HもしくはC1−C6アルキルである、または−Q3T3はオキソである。)で場合によって置換されたC1−C6アルキルであり;
R7は、イソプロピルである、または1個以上の−Q5−T5(式中、Q5は結合、C(O)、C(O)NRk、NRkC(O)、S(O)2、またはC1−C3アルキルリンカーであり、RkはHまたはC1−C6アルキルであり、T5はH、ハロ、C1−C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1−C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ−C1−C6アルキルアミノ、ジ−C1−C6アルキルアミノ、C3−C8シクロアルキル、C6−C10アリール、4から12員のヘテロシクロアルキル、5もしくは6員のヘテロアリール、またはS(O)qRq(式中、qは0、1、または2であり、RqはC1−C6アルキル、C2−C6アルケニル、C2−C6アルキニル、C3−C8シクロアルキル、C6−C10アリール、4から12員のヘテロシクロアルキル、または5もしくは6員のヘテロアリールである。)であり、T5がH、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、またはシアノである場合を除いて、T5はハロ、C1−C6アルキル、ヒドロキシル、シアノ、C1−C6アルコキシル、アミノ、モノ−C1−C6アルキルアミノ、ジ−C1−C6アルキルアミノ、C3−C8シクロアルキル、C6−C10アリール、4から12員のヘテロシクロアルキル、および5もしくは6員のヘテロアリールからなる群から選択される1個以上の置換基で場合によって置換される;または−Q5−T5はオキソである。)でそれぞれ場合によって置換された、C1−C6アルキル、C3−C8シクロアルキル、ピペリジニル、テトラヒドロピラン、テトラヒドロ−2H−チオピラニル、シクロペンチル、もしくはシクロヘキシル、または4から12員ヘテロシクロアルキルであり;
R8はH、メチル、またはエチルである。)
の化合物または医薬として許容されるその塩と、1種以上の他の治療剤とを含む組成物。(項2)
表1に列挙された化合物のいずれか1つまたは医薬として許容されるその塩と、1種以上の他の治療剤とを含む組成物。
(項3)
化合物44、または医薬として許容されるその塩と、1種以上の治療剤とを含む組成物。
(項4)
他の治療剤が抗がん剤または糖質コルチコイドである、上記項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項5)
他の治療剤がプレドニゾン、プレドニゾロン、シクロホスファミド、ビンクリスチン、ドキソルビシン、マホスファミド、シスプラチン、AraC、エベロリムス、デシタビン、デキサメタゾン、およびその類似体、誘導体、または組合せから選択される、上記項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項6)
他の治療剤がプレドニゾン、またはその類似体もしくは誘導体である、上記項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項7)
治療上有効量の上記項1から6のいずれかと、医薬として許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物。
(項8)
治療上有効量の上記項1に記載の組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、疾患を処置または防止する方法。
(項9)
疾患がヒストンまたは他のタンパク質のメチル化状態をモジュレートすることにより影響され得る、上記項8に記載の方法。
(項10)
疾患ががんまたは前がん状態である、上記項8に記載の方法。
(項11)
メチル化状態がEZH2の活性によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、上記項9に記載の方法。
(項12)
治療上有効用量の式(IIa)の化合物と、1種以上の他の治療剤とを、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含み、式(IIa)と他の治療剤とが同時に、または逐次的に投与される、がんを処置または防止する方法。
(項13)
式(IIa)の化合物が、他の治療剤の投与の前に投与される、上記項12に記載の方法。
(項14)
治療上有効用量の上記項1に記載の組成物を投与する前に、治療上有効用量の式(IIa)の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、がんを処置または防止する方法。
(項15)
上記項1に記載の組成物が0.01mg/kg/日から約1000mg/kg/日の用量でそれを必要とする対象に投与される、上記項8または12に記載の方法。
(項16)
式(IIa)の化合物が0.01mg/kg/日から約1000mg/kg/日の用量で投与される、上記項12または14に記載の方法。
(項17)
1種以上の他の治療剤のそれぞれが0.01mg/kg/日から約1000mg/kg/日の用量で投与される、上記項12または14に記載の方法。
(項18)
対象がEZH2突然変異体を発現する、上記項8、12または14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項19)
EZH2突然変異体が1つ以上の突然変異を有し、突然変異が置換、点突然変異、ナンセンス突然変異、ミスセンス突然変異、欠失、または挿入である、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項20)
EZH2突然変異体が配列番号6に定義されるその基質ポケットドメイン中に1つ以上の突然変異を有する、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項21)
EZH2突然変異体がY641突然変異体である、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項22)
Y641突然変異体がY641F、Y641H、Y641NおよびY641Sから選択される、上記項21に記載の方法。
(項23)
EZH2突然変異体が配列番号1のアミノ酸位置677、687、674、685、または641に突然変異を有する、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項24)
EZH2突然変異体が、配列番号1のアミノ酸位置677の野生型残基アラニン(A)のグリシン(G)への置換(A677G);配列番号1のアミノ酸位置687の野生型残基アラニン(A)のバリン(V)への置換(A687V);配列番号1のアミノ酸位置674の野生型残基バリン(V)のメチオニン(M)への置換(V674M);配列番号1のアミノ酸位置685の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R685H);配列番号1のアミノ酸位置685の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R685C);配列番号3のアミノ酸位置322の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のセリン(S)への置換(N322S)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置288の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R288Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸573の野生型残基トレオニン(T)のイソロイシン(I)への置換(T573I)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のグルタミン酸(E)への置換(D664E)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置458の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R458Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置249の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のリシン(K)への置換(E249K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置684の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R684C)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置628の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R628H)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置501の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(Q501H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置192の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のアスパラギン(N)への置換(D192N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のバリン(V)への置換(D664V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置704の野生型残基バリン(V)のロイシン(L)への置換(V704L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置132の野生型残基プロリン(P)のセリン(S)への置換(P132S)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置669の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のリシン(K)への置換(E669K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置255の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A255T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置726の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のバリン(V)への置換(E726V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置571の野生型残基システイン(C)のチロシン(Y)への置換(C571Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F145C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のトレオニン(T)への置換(N693T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置145の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のセリン(S)への置換(F145S)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置109の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(Q109H)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置622の野生型残基フェニルアラニン(F)のシステイン(C)への置換(F622C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置135の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G135R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置168の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(R168Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置159の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G159R)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置310の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のシステイン(C)への置換(R310C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置561の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R561H)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置634の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R634H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置660の野生型残基グリシン(G)のアルギニン(R)への置換(G660R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置181の野生型残基チロシン(Y)のシステイン(C)への置換(Y181C)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置297の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のアルギニン(R)への置換(H297R)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置612の野生型残基システイン(C)のセリン(S)への置換(C612S)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置694の野生型残基ヒスチジン(H)のチロシン(Y)への置換(H694Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置664の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のアラニン(A)への置換(D664A)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置150の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I150T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置264の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のアルギニン(R)への置換(I264R)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置636の野生型残基プロリン(P)のロイシン(L)への置換(P636L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置713の野生型残基イソロイシン(I)のトレオニン(T)への置換(I713T)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置501の野生型残基グルタミン(Q)のプロリン(P)への置換(Q501P)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置243の野生型残基リシン(K)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(K243Q)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置130の野生型残基グルタミン酸(E)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(E130D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置509の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のグリシン(G)への置換(R509G)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置566の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R566H)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置677の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(D677H)、配列番号5のアミノ酸位置466の野生型残基リシン(K)のアスパラギン(N)への置換(K466N)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置78の野生型残基アルギニン(R)のヒスチジン(H)への置換(R78H)、配列番号6のアミノ酸位置1の野生型残基リシン(K)のメチオニン(M)への置換(K6M)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置538の野生型残基セリン(S)のロイシン(L)への置換(S538L)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置149の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のグルタミン(Q)への置換(L149Q)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置252の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L252V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置674の野生型残基ロイシン(L)のバリン(V)への置換(L674V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置656の野生型残基アラニン(A)のバリン(V)への置換(A656V)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置731の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y731D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置345の野生型残基アラニン(A)のトレオニン(T)への置換(A345T)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置244の野生型残基アラニン(A)のアスパラギン酸(D)への置換(Y244D)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置576の野生型残基システイン(C)のトリプトファン(W)への置換(C576W)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置640の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N640K)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置675の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N675K)、配列番号21のアミノ酸位置579の野生型残基アスパラギン酸(D)のチロシン(Y)の置換(D579Y)、配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のイソロイシン(I)への置換(N693I)、および配列番号3のアミノ酸位置693の野生型残基アスパラギン(N)のリシン(K)への置換(N693K)からなる群から選択される1個以上の突然変異を有する、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項25)
EZH2突然変異体が、配列番号3、5もしくは21のアミノ酸位置730、391、461、441、235、254、564、662、715、405、685、64、73、656、718、374、592、505、730、もしくは363、または配列番号3、5もしくは21をコードする核酸配列の対応するヌクレオチド位置にフレームシフトを有する、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項26)
EZH2突然変異体が、配列番号3、5または21のアミノ酸位置148および149にグルタミン酸(E)およびロイシン(L)の欠失を有する、上記項18に記載の方法。(項27)
EZH2突然変異体が、配列番号3、5または21のアミノ酸位置733、25、317、62、553、328、58、207、123、63、137または60にナンセンス突然変異を有する、上記項18に記載の方法。
(項28)
対象が、単一の薬剤として投与された場合に上記項1の組成物のいずれか1つの成分に対する耐性を示した、上記項8、12または14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項29)
がん細胞を、上記項1に記載の組成物と接触させることを含む、がん細胞増殖を阻害する方法。
(項30)
がん細胞を、式(IIa)の化合物および1種以上の他の治療剤と接触させることを含み、式(IIa)および他の治療剤が同時にまたは逐次的に送達される、がん細胞増殖を阻害する方法。
(項31)
式(IIa)の化合物が他の治療剤の投与の前に投与される、上記項30に記載の方法。
(項32)
治療上有効用量の上記項1に記載の組成物を投与する前に、治療上有効用量の式(IIa)の化合物、または医薬として許容されるその塩を投与することを含む、がん細胞増殖を阻害する方法。
(項33)
他の治療剤がプレドニゾンもしくはプレドニゾロン、またはその類似体もしくは誘導体である、上記項12または30に記載の方法。
(項34)
がんがリンパ腫、白血病、またはメラノーマである、上記項12、14、29、30、または32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項35)
リンパ腫が非ホジキンリンパ腫、濾胞性リンパ腫、およびびまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫からなる群から選択される、上記項34に記載の方法。
(項36)
白血病が慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)である、上記項34に記載の方法。
(項37)
前がん状態が骨髄異形成症候群(MDS、以前は前白血病として知られていた。)である、上記項34に記載の方法。
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