JP2019158255A - 蒸気の凝縮方法 - Google Patents
蒸気の凝縮方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019158255A JP2019158255A JP2018046833A JP2018046833A JP2019158255A JP 2019158255 A JP2019158255 A JP 2019158255A JP 2018046833 A JP2018046833 A JP 2018046833A JP 2018046833 A JP2018046833 A JP 2018046833A JP 2019158255 A JP2019158255 A JP 2019158255A
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- steam
- heat exchanger
- condensation
- accelerator
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- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in air or gases by adding vapour phase inhibitors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/04—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0063—Condensers
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
特に、発電プラントでは、復水器の伝熱効率が向上すれば、真空度の改善が期待でき、発電効率の向上も期待できる。これは、タービンや復水器の設計・仕様にも依存するが、多くの場合は水温変動や汚れなどにより改善の余地があり、大きな省エネにつながる。
即ち、本発明は以下を要旨とする。
本発明によれば、滴状凝縮を実現することによる凝縮効率の向上で、蒸気の使用量の削減、プロセス効率の改善、熱交換器の冷却表面積の低減を図ることができ、設備の小型化によるイニシャルコストの削減や既存設備の効率改善による蒸気量の削減、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
特に、発電プラントにおいては、復水器の伝熱効率の向上で、真空度の改善、発電効率の向上を図ることで、省エネルギー化が可能となる。
このため、従来法のように、ボイラ給水に皮膜性アミンを添加しても、熱交換器における滴状凝縮の促進を図ることは困難であった。
例えば、複圧式の蒸気タービンを有する機器であれば、湿り蒸気となる低圧タービン手前(中圧タービンからのオーバーヘッド配管や低圧ボイラからの蒸気)に添加する方法が挙げられる。
また、「熱交換器に滴状凝縮促進剤を直接添加する」には、例えば、熱交換器に滴状凝縮促進剤の水溶液を注入する他、熱交換器が復水器であり、この復水器に補給水が供給されている場合、この補給水に滴状凝縮促進剤を添加して滴状凝縮促進剤含有補給水を熱交換器である復水器に添加する方法が挙げられる。
いずれの場合であっても、滴状凝縮促進剤の薬注点から熱交換器に到るまでの系路に、滴状凝縮促進剤が熱分解し易い温度、例えば350℃以上の温度となるような配管や機器が存在しないことが好ましい。
R1−[NH−(CH2)m]n−NH2 …(1)
(式中、R1は炭素数10〜22の飽和又は不飽和炭化水素基を示し、mは1〜8の整数であり、nは1〜7の整数である。nが2以上の場合、複数のNH−(CH2)mは同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
mは1〜8の整数であり、腐食抑制の観点から好ましくは2〜6の整数である。(CH2)m基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基(ジメチレン基)、プロピレン基(トリメチレン基)又はブチレン基(テトラメチレン基)が挙げられるが、好ましくはプロピレン基である。
また、nは腐食抑制の観点から好ましくは1〜3の整数である。
これ以外の乳化剤としては、脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩、特に炭素数8〜24とりわけ炭素数10〜22の飽和又は不飽和の脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩を好適に用いることができ、具体的には、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、オレイン酸、エルカ酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸などの飽和又は不飽和の脂肪酸のナトリウム塩やカリウム塩が挙げられる。また、この脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩としては、食用油脂から製造される脂肪酸のナトリウム塩やカリウム塩も好ましく用いることができる。脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩としては、特に炭素数14〜22の不飽和脂肪酸、例えば、オレイン酸、エルカ酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸から選ばれる少なくとも1種を25重量%以上含有する脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩が好適である。乳化剤としては、その他、グリセリンと前述の脂肪酸とのエステルも好適に用いることができ、特にステアリン酸とのエステルを好ましく用いることができる。
これらの乳化剤は、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、中和性アミンに替えて、以下の脱酸素剤の熱分解に由来するアンモニアでpH調整してもよい。
以下の実施例及び比較例では、図1に示す試験装置を用いて、薬注箇所が凝縮効率に影響を及ぼす実験を行った。
なお、過熱装置20は、過熱温度を安定に調節するために、過熱器、減温器及び過熱器を直列に配置した構成とした。
12は温度センサ、13は水位センサである。
また、ボイラ10のブロー水は配管7より減圧冷却器70に送給され、減圧、冷却された後、配管8より分析装置80に送給されて分析される。
試験装置のテストボイラ10に、窒素を用いて十分に脱気した超純水(温度:65℃、溶存酸素濃度:2〜10μg/L)を給水し、表1に示した条件にて運転して、蒸気を発生させた。ただし、過熱装置のヒーターは使用せず、飽和蒸気にて試験を実施した。
実施例1では、この促進剤水溶液を薬注点Aから熱交換器40に導入される蒸気に対して添加した。
比較例1では、この促進剤水溶液を薬注点Bからテストボイラ10に導入される超純水に対して添加した。
検出率(%)=実検出濃度(mg/L)/理論検出濃度(mg/L)×100
(0.1%×1000mg/L=1mg/L as 促進剤が理論検出濃度)
過熱装置を使用し、表3に示す条件で運転を行ったこと以外は、それぞれ実施例1(促進剤を薬注点Aから添加)、比較例1(促進剤を薬注点Bから添加)と同様に試験を実施した。
各例におけるチューブの外観写真を図2(a)(実施例2),(b)(比較例2)に示す。
また、冷却水のチューブ出口温度と、入口温度との差を表5に示す。
一方、実施例2では、蒸気凝縮水中に十分量の促進剤が含まれており、滴状凝縮のための促進剤の皮膜を冷却チューブ表面に形成することができる。
また、冷却水のチューブ出口温度も比較例2よりも実施例2の方が高く、冷却水のチューブ出口温度と入口温度との差は、比較例2では4℃であるのに対して、実施例2では11℃と、約250%の上昇が認められ、滴状凝縮の実現で冷却、凝縮効率を大幅に高めることができたことが分かる。
20 過熱装置
30,70 減圧冷却器
40 熱交換器
50 冷却器
60,80 分析装置
Claims (6)
- 蒸気を熱交換器に導入し、該熱交換器内の冷却体に接触させることで液化凝縮する方法において、
滴状凝縮促進剤を、該熱交換器に導入される蒸気又は該熱交換器に直接添加することを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。 - 請求項1において、前記滴状凝縮促進剤が、揮発性アミン化合物及び揮発性非アミン化合物より選ばれる1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。
- 請求項1又は2において、前記蒸気に更に乳化剤及び/又は中和性アミンを添加することを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項において、前記冷却体の材質が、軟鋼、低合金鋼、合金鋼、銅、銅合金、チタン、チタン合金、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項において、前記蒸気に前記滴状凝縮促進剤を添加する薬注点と前記熱交換器との間に、温度上昇及び/又は圧力上昇を伴う機器を含まないことを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。
- 請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項において、前記熱交換器が蒸気タービン、復水器、空冷式復水器、乾燥装置、濃縮装置、又は昇温装置であることを特徴とする蒸気の凝縮方法。
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JP6314106B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-04-18 | リンナイ株式会社 | 熱交換器用の伝熱フィン、及びそれを備えた熱交換器 |
CN206818050U (zh) | 2017-03-07 | 2017-12-29 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 一种超疏水冷凝表面 |
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- 2018-11-21 WO PCT/JP2018/042947 patent/WO2019176176A1/ja unknown
- 2018-11-21 EP EP18909457.6A patent/EP3767216A4/en active Pending
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- 2019-03-08 TW TW108107743A patent/TWI810253B/zh active
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2021035484A (ja) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 株式会社ニューギン | 遊技機 |
WO2023203887A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 熱交換工程を有する生産プロセスの生産性向上方法 |
JP7380747B2 (ja) | 2022-04-21 | 2023-11-15 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 熱交換工程を有する生産プロセスの生産性向上方法 |
WO2023228525A1 (ja) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-30 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 熱交換器の伝熱効率改善方法 |
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KR20200133714A (ko) | 2020-11-30 |
BR112020003455A2 (pt) | 2020-10-27 |
WO2019176176A1 (ja) | 2019-09-19 |
KR102603364B1 (ko) | 2023-11-16 |
EP3767216A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
PH12020500423A1 (en) | 2021-02-22 |
TWI810253B (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
EP3767216A4 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
CN111051803A (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
US20200173739A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
US11204207B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
TW201945679A (zh) | 2019-12-01 |
SA520411461B1 (ar) | 2022-11-01 |
JP6506865B1 (ja) | 2019-04-24 |
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