JP2019156662A - 複合体構造、複合体構造を有する焼成体、複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末、および、複合体構造を有する誘電体を備える誘電体素子 - Google Patents
複合体構造、複合体構造を有する焼成体、複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末、および、複合体構造を有する誘電体を備える誘電体素子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[1]第1の酸化物から構成される導電体領域と、第2の酸化物から構成され、導電体領域を取り囲む絶縁体領域と、を有し、
第1の酸化物と第2の酸化物とがヘテロ接合していることを特徴とする複合体構造である。
1.誘電体素子
1.1.単層キャパシタの全体構成
1.2.誘電体
1.2.1.複合体構造
2.誘電体素子の製造方法
2.1.複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末
2.2.複合体構造を有する焼成体
3.本実施形態における効果
4.変形例
まず、本実施形態に係る誘電体素子の一例として、単層キャパシタについて説明する。
図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る単層キャパシタ100は、板状の誘電体11と、誘電体11の両主面である一対の対向面に形成された一対の電極10A、10Bとを備えている。誘電体11と、一対の電極10A、10Bとは、キャパシタ部を形成しており、一対の電極10A、10Bが外部回路に接続されて電圧が印加されると、誘電体11が所定の静電容量を示し、キャパシタとしての機能を発揮することができる。
本実施形態では、誘電体11は、導電体と絶縁体との複合体構造を有している。このような複合体構造では、多数の導電体が絶縁体を介して接続されているので、絶縁体、すなわち誘電体が直列的かつ並列的に接続された等価回路が形成される。誘電特性を発揮する絶縁体は薄く、かつ電極として働く導電体が絶縁体と接している面積が大きいので、静電容量から算出される見掛けの比誘電率が非常に大きくなる。以下では、本実施形態に係る複合体構造を詳細に説明する。
図2に示すように、複合体構造50は、導電体領域20と、導電体領域20を取り囲む絶縁体領域30と、を有する構造である。図2では、複合体構造において、1つの導電体領域20が1つの導電体粒子から構成され、複数の導電体粒子が絶縁体領域30を構成する粒界部を介して結合している。すなわち、図2において、導電体領域20と絶縁体領域30との関係は、粒界絶縁半導体コンデンサにおける半導体粒子と粒界相との関係に対応している。
次に、誘電体素子の製造方法の一例として、図1に示す単層キャパシタ100の製造方法の一例について以下に説明する。
まず、導電体領域を形成する導電体粒子を含む粉体を準備する。このような粉体としては、上記の第1の酸化物の粉体を用いることができる。
続いて、得られた粉体を、ボールミル等を用いて混合を行う。混合する方法としては湿式混合でもよいし、乾式混合でもよい。湿式混合の場合、混合後のスラリーを乾燥する。混合時の分散媒は特に制限されないが、たとえば、水を用いることができる。
本実施形態では、導電体と絶縁体との複合体構造において、導電体(第1の酸化物)と絶縁体(第2の酸化物)とがその界面においてヘテロ接合している。第1の酸化物と第2の酸化物とがヘテロ接合していることにより、第1の酸化物と第2の酸化物との界面部分に互いの結晶構造が歪んだ領域が形成されると考えられる。このような領域が、絶縁体が発揮する誘電特性に好ましい影響を与えて、誘電体としての見掛けの比誘電率が向上する。
上述した実施形態では、誘電体素子として、誘電体が単層である単層キャパシタについて説明したが、誘電体が積層された構成を有する積層キャパシタであってもよい。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaNiO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2(アナターゼ)粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2粉末との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Ba濃度が0.12Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比が1.0となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、180℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域(BaTiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのRuO2粉末を1ミリモル秤量し、Al濃度が0.08Mとなるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのAl(NO3)3水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、220℃、4時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(RuO2)が絶縁体領域(Al2O3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのRuO2粉末を1ミリモル秤量し、Nb濃度が0.08Mとなるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのNb(OC2H5)5のエタノール溶液に加えて混合物を得た後、真空脱気を行い乾燥させた。乾燥させた混合物を、水に加えて230℃、36時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(RuO2)が絶縁体領域(Nb2O5)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのRuO2粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2の混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Sr濃度が0.06Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Sr/Ti比がモル比で3.0となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのSr(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(RuO2)が絶縁体領域(SrTiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのRuO2粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2の混合粉を得た。この混合粉をBa濃度が0.06Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で3.0となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(RuO2)が絶縁体領域(BaTiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1〜4における第1の酸化物粉末を、IrO2粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1〜4と同じ方法により、導電体領域(IrO2)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1〜4における第1の酸化物粉末を、SnO2粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1〜4と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SnO2)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1、2における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaMnO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1、2と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1、2における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaCoO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1、2と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaCoO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1、2における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaNiO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1、2と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例1、2における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRuO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例1、2と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRuO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaMnO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのNb2O5粉末0.2ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とNb2O5との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、K濃度が1.0Mであり、混合粉に含まれるNbに対して、K/Nb比がモル比で10になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのKOH水溶液に加え、230℃、10時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域(KNbO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例3、4における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaMnO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例3、4と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaMnO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。次に、第2の酸化物の原料としてのBi(NO3)3・5H2Oを、Bi/Ti比がモル比で0.5となるように秤量し、純水50mLを加え超音波処理を行い、溶液を得た。その後、第2の酸化物の原料としてのKOHを加えて溶液の濃度が14.4Mになるように調製し、再び超音波処理を行った。得られた混合粉を、上記の溶液に加え、160℃、6時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域((Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaMnO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。次に、第2の酸化物の原料としてのBi(NO3)3・5H2Oを、Bi/Ti比がモル比で0.5となるように秤量し、純水50mLを加え超音波処理を行い、溶液を得た。その後、第2の酸化物の原料としてのNaOHを加えて溶液の濃度が14.4Mになるように調製し、再び超音波処理を行った。得られた混合粉を、上記の溶液に加え、160℃、6時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域((Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例21〜25における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaCoO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例21〜25と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaCoO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例21における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaNiO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例21と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例21における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRuO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例21と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRuO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Sr濃度が0.12Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Sr/Ti比がモル比で6.0になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのSr(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域(Sr2TiO4)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Sr濃度が0.03Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Sr/Ti比がモル比で1.5になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのSr(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域(SrTi2O5)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Ba濃度が0.12Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で6.0になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域(Ba2TiO4)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Ba濃度が0.03Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で1.5になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域(BaTi2O5)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Ba濃度が0.03M、Sr濃度が0.03Mであり、Ba/Sr比がモル比で1.0であり、かつ混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、(Ba+Sr)/Ti比がモル比で3.0になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O+Sr(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域((Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例33〜37における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRu2O5粉末に変更した以外は、実施例33〜37と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRu2O5)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例22、23における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaNiO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例22、23と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaNiO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末0.1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2との混合粉を得た。この混合粉を、Ba濃度が0.03M、Sr濃度が0.03Mであり、Ba/Sr比がモル比で1.0であり、かつ混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、(Ba+Sr)/Ti比がモル比で3.0になるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O+Sr(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、3時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域((Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例24、25における第1の酸化物粉末を、LaNiO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例24、25と同じ方法により、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例22、23における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRuO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例22、23と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRuO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例45における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRuO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例45と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRuO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
実施例24、25における第1の酸化物粉末を、SrRuO3粉末に変更した以外は、実施例24、25と同じ方法により、導電体領域(SrRuO3)が絶縁体領域に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのRuO2粉末を1ミリモル秤量し、Al濃度が0.08Mとなるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのAl(NO3)3水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、220℃、1.6時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(RuO2)が絶縁体領域(Al2O3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaMnO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2の混合粉を得た。この混合粉をBa濃度が0.06Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で3.0となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、1.2時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaMnO3)が絶縁体領域(BaTiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLa2NiO4粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2の混合粉を得た。この混合粉をBa濃度が0.03 Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で1.5となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、1.2時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(La2NiO4)が絶縁体領域(BaTi2O5)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
第1の酸化物粉末としてのLaNiO3粉末1ミリモルと、第2の酸化物の原料としてのTiO2粉末1ミリモルと、を混合し、第1の酸化物粉末とTiO2の混合粉を得た。この混合粉をBa濃度が0.06 Mであり、混合粉に含まれるTiに対して、Ba/Ti比がモル比で3.0となるように調製した第2の酸化物の原料としてのBa(OH)2・8H2O水溶液に加え超音波処理を行った。その後に、200℃、1.2時間の水熱合成処理を行うことにより、導電体領域(LaNiO3)が絶縁体領域(BaTiO3)に取り囲まれた複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末を得た。
次に、得られた粉末にポリビニルブチラールを2wt%加えて圧粉成形を行い、直径約10mm、厚み約1mmの円板状の成形体を作製した。得られた成形体を、600℃で脱バインダした後、1000℃、2時間で焼成し、複合体構造を有する焼成体(誘電体)を得た。得られた焼成体の両主面に、Auをスパッタすることにより電極を形成して、実施例1〜56および比較例1のキャパシタを作製した。
10A、10B… 端子電極
11… 誘電体
20… 導電体領域
30… 絶縁体領域
40… 界面
Claims (7)
- 第1の酸化物から構成される導電体領域と、第2の酸化物から構成され、前記導電体領域を取り囲む絶縁体領域と、を有し、
前記第1の酸化物と前記第2の酸化物とがヘテロ接合していることを特徴とする複合体構造。 - 前記第1の酸化物および前記第2の酸化物がペロブスカイト構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合体構造。
- 前記第1の酸化物が、LaとNiとを含む酸化物、および、SrとRuとを含む酸化物から選ばれる1つ以上の酸化物であり、前記第2の酸化物が、BaおよびSrから選ばれる1つ以上の元素とTiとを含む酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合体構造。
- 前記第1の酸化物が、LaNiO3および/またはSrRuO3であり、前記第2の酸化物が、(Ba,Sr)TiO3、(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3および(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3から選ばれる1つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の複合体構造。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の複合体構造を有する焼成体。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の複合体構造を有する粒子を含む粉末。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の複合体構造を有する誘電体を備える誘電体素子。
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