JP2019136688A - Manufacturing method of fermentation pellet - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a manufacturing method of a fermentation pellet that can be used as useful compost in a short period of time.SOLUTION: The manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet obtained by making a sewage sludge residue pellet support bacterium is a method of fermenting a bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellet in which Bacillus bacterium are supported inside a sewage sludge residue pellet and lactic acid bacterium are supported in a surface layer part, wherein the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellet is ozone-treated by liquid or gas containing ozone.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing fermentation pellets using sewage sludge residue pellets. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing fermentation pellets (functional compost) from a sewage sludge residue that has been subjected to a low molecular weight treatment produced in a factory or facility having a process for reducing the molecular weight of the sewage sludge residue.

  The amount of sewage sludge generated in Japan is gradually increasing with the spread of sewerage. According to the 2008 data from the Ministry of the Environment, the amount is 22.1 million tons / year on a dry weight basis. The amount of sewage sludge is said to occupy about 20% of the total industrial waste, and most of it is landfilled after combustion. There is a need to reduce running costs. However, since the amount of sewage sludge is increasing year by year, it is difficult to secure a landfill site and a garbage disposal site.

In recent years, recycling of sewage sludge residues has been promoted, and the sewage sludge residues subjected to dehydration are used as biomass resources such as fertilizer and fuel.
As an example, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is also implementing a B-DASH project (a sewer innovative technology demonstration project) and is focusing on solving these problems.

  The characteristics of biomass resources of sewage sludge residue are as follows: (1) A certain amount is always generated with the human living environment, (2) Components and conditions are constant, (3) Fuel, fertilizer, and cement raw materials It is known that it can be used for Utilizing this feature, practical research for practical application of the sewage sludge treatment system developed by Mitsubishi Nagasaki Kiko Co., Ltd., one of the 2012 B-DASH projects of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Carried out in This system is a new sludge reduction technology that combines hydrothermal reaction technology and high-speed methane fermentation technology, and this system is called metasaurus (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). This system has succeeded in reducing the amount of discharged sludge to one-fifth compared with the existing system, and it has become possible to greatly reduce the disposal cost when it is disposed of. However, although the amount of dewatered sludge generated has been greatly reduced, disposal is mainly performed.

  Therefore, an effective utilization method of sewage sludge residue that had been reduced in molecular weight was examined from the viewpoint of zero emissions in the area including the sewage treatment plant. The low molecular weight treated sewage sludge residue generated in this system contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components as elements necessary for plant growth, so this sewage sludge residue can be used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. Attempts to do so have been made, and this sewage sludge residue is now registered as a fertilizer registered by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as “East Nagasaki Demonstration No. 1.”

  However, this fertilizer has a problem that it has a high water content and contains various bacteria and has a strong ammonia odor. In addition, since it is not completely matured compost, there is a concern that using it in soil as it is may cause problems such as growth failure on crops.

JP 2012-200691 A JP 2012-200692 A

  The subject of this invention is manufacturing a fermentation pellet which can be utilized as a compost without the above problems in a short period of time.

  In order to solve these various problems, the present inventors have studied the improvement of the above fertilizer, and in the inside of the sewage sludge residue pellet and on the surface layer, two types of cells having different temperature active regions such as Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria. It was found that useful fermentation pellets without the above-mentioned problems can be produced by carrying each of them and fermenting the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets. (PCT / JP2017 / 27662).

  Following this, as a result of further research by the present inventors, before carrying Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellet, by treating the sewage sludge residue pellet with ozone, compared to the case without ozone treatment. It has been found that fermentation pellets that are equally or more useful can be produced in a short period of time. That is, the present inventors have found that the fermentation period of the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets can be shortened by carrying Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria on the ozone-treated sewage sludge residue pellets, thereby completing the present invention.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A method for producing a fermentation pellet in which a bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellet in which Bacillus bacteria are carried inside a sewage sludge residue pellet and a lactic acid bacterium is carried in a surface layer is fermented, wherein the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellet is A method for producing a fermentation pellet, characterized in that bacteria are supported on a sewage sludge residue pellet that has been ozone-treated with a liquid or gas containing ozone.
[2] Bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets are prepared by adding Bacillus bacteria to ozone-treated sewage sludge residue pellets, drying the pellet surface layer, and then adding lactic acid bacteria [1] The manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet of description.
[3] The method for producing fermented pellets according to [1] or [2], wherein the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets are piled up and fermented.

[4] An ozone treatment step in which ozone-containing liquid or gas is brought into contact with the sewage sludge residue pellet, a planarization step of expanding the sewage sludge residue pellet into a flat shape, and a Bacillus bacterium with respect to the sewage sludge residue pellet that has undergone the planarization step Lactic acid bacteria are added to the sewage sludge residue pellets that have passed through the pellet surface layer part drying step, the pellet surface layer part drying step that dries the surface layer part of the sewage sludge residue pellet that has undergone the Bacillus bacteria addition step It has a lactic acid bacteria addition process, a pile process which piles up the bacteria carrying sewage sludge residue pellet which passed through the lactic acid bacteria addition process, and a fermentation process which ferments the bacteria carrying sewage sludge residue pellet which passed through the pile process [1. ] The manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet in any one of [3].
[5] The method according to [4], wherein the fermentation step includes a turn-back step for turning back the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets, and a moisture adjustment step for adjusting the water content of the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets. Manufacturing method of fermentation pellets.
[6] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein fermentation is performed for 7 to 14 days.
[7] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the sewage sludge residue pellet is obtained by pelletizing a sewage sludge residue that has been subjected to low molecular weight treatment.
[8] The method for producing a fermented pellet according to any one of [3] to [7], wherein the fertilizer-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets are piled up and covered with a covering material except for the top and bottom. .

[9] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the fermentation pellet to be produced is compost.
[10] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the ozone treatment is performed using a liquid containing ozone.
[11] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to [10], wherein the ozone concentration of the liquid containing ozone used in the ozone treatment is 0.5 to 5.0 ppm.
[12] The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to [10] or [11], wherein the amount of the liquid containing ozone is 0.005 to 0.5 L / kg with respect to the sewage sludge residue pellet used in the ozone treatment. .
[13] A method for fermenting pellets, characterized in that Bacillus bacteria are supported inside a pellet that has been ozone-treated with a liquid containing ozone, and bacteria-carrying pellets in which lactic acid bacteria are supported on the surface layer are piled up and fermented.

  According to the method for producing fermentation pellets of the present invention, fermentation pellets that can be used as compost can be produced in a short period of time.

It is a flowchart of one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet of this invention. It is the schematic explaining the state which covers the center part of the piled microbe carrying | supporting sewage sludge residue pellet with a coating | covering material, and ferments. It is a photograph which shows a mode that the small animal was attracted to the fermentation pellet (functional compost) manufactured by the manufacturing method of this invention. It is a graph which shows ozone concentration and pH with respect to processing time at the time of preparing the liquid (ozone water) containing ozone using a commercially available ozone generator. It is a figure which shows the electrical conductivity of the fermentation pellet manufactured in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the nitrate nitrogen density | concentration of the fermentation pellet manufactured in Example 1. FIG.

  The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to the present invention is a method of fermenting a bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellet in which a Bacillus bacterium is carried inside the sewage sludge residue pellet and a lactic acid bacterium is carried on the surface layer part, the bacteria carrying sewage sludge The residue pellets are not particularly limited as long as the bacteria are supported on the sewage sludge residue pellets ozone-treated with a liquid or gas containing ozone, the fermentation pellets produced by the production method of the present invention, Can be used as compost. This compost is a fully matured compost containing a large amount of fulvic acid and humic acid, and can be used in solid, semi-solid or liquid form, and can be used as a soil conditioner.

  As a sewage sludge residue pellet (before carrying Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) used for manufacture of the fermentation pellet of this invention, what is necessary is just what made the sewage sludge residue into the pellet form, for example, one side or a diameter is 5 A rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical pellet having a length of about 15 to about 15 mm and a length of about 20 to 40 mm can be given, and a water content of 20% or less is preferable in consideration of transportation to a fermentation site or storage until a fermentation process. Such pellets may be obtained by pelletizing a sewage sludge residue that has been subjected to general sewage treatment, but is subjected to a low molecular weight treatment that lowers the molecular weight of a refractory polymer such as lignin and cellulose. It is preferable that the sewage sludge residue is pelletized. In the molecular weight reduction treatment, various organic resources such as food residues may be added. Examples of such a low molecular weight treatment include hydrothermal treatment, ozone treatment, biological activated carbon treatment, ultrasonic treatment (for example, JP-A-2003-144097), and various treatments may be combined. Specific examples of the low molecular weight treatment by hydrothermal treatment include a method using a hydrothermal reaction described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2012-200691 and 2012-200692.

  The ozone treatment of the sewage sludge residue pellet in the production of the fermented pellet of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a treatment in which ozone-containing liquid or gas is brought into contact with the sewage sludge residue pellet, and the sewage sludge residue pellet contains ozone. A method of spraying sewage sludge residue pellets in a liquid containing ozone, a method of introducing gas containing ozone into a container containing sewage sludge residue pellets, and the like can be exemplified. In such an ozone treatment, it is possible to sterilize miscellaneous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella in a state where the bacteria useful for fermentation contained in the sewage sludge residue pellets are utilized, thereby allowing the subsequent fermentation treatment using Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Can be performed in a short period of time.

  The ozone concentration of the liquid containing ozone used for the ozone treatment is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 ppm, more preferably 0.8 to 4.0 ppm, and 1.0 to 3.0 ppm. More preferably. When the concentration of the liquid containing ozone is in this range, only miscellaneous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella can be strongly suppressed while maintaining the activity of bacteria useful for fermentation contained in the sewage sludge residue pellet. Moreover, since the liquid containing such low concentration ozone should just be used, the manufacturing cost of the liquid containing ozone is also cheap, and it becomes possible to reduce the total cost of fermentation pellet manufacture.

  Further, the amount of the liquid containing ozone with respect to the sewage sludge residue pellet used in the ozone treatment is preferably 0.005 to 0.5 L / kg, and more preferably 0.007 to 0.3 L / kg. 0.008 to 0.1 L / kg is more preferable, and 0.01 to 0.05 L / kg is particularly preferable.

  The liquid containing ozone can be obtained by a known method such as a method of bubbling ozone gas into a liquid such as water or an electrolysis method of water, and can be prepared using a commercially available ozone generator.

  The preparation of the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets is not particularly limited as long as the Bacillus bacteria can be supported inside the ozone-treated sewage sludge residue pellets and the surface layer part can support lactic acid bacteria. It is preferable to add Bacillus bacteria to the resulting sewage sludge residue pellets, dry the pellet surface layer, and then add lactic acid bacteria to prepare, specifically, a planarization step (S1) described later and an ozone treatment step And (S2), a Bacillus bacterium addition step (S3), a pellet surface layer drying step (S4), and a lactic acid bacterium addition step (S5).

  In addition, the fermentation method of the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of performing fermentation of the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets, in terms of fermentation efficiency, A method of fermenting piled sewage sludge residue pellets is preferred. As a method of fermenting in such a pile, any method can be used as long as it is a method in which the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets are piled up and fermented, and the piles can be conical, pyramidal, truncated cone, truncated pyramidal. Or a mountain range in which these shapes extend in a predetermined direction. Specifically, the method in the pile process (S6) and fermentation process (S7) mentioned later can be illustrated.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fermented pellet manufacturing method of the present invention includes, for example, a flattening step (S1) for expanding a sewage sludge residue pellet into a planar shape, and an ozone treatment in which a liquid containing ozone is brought into contact with the sewage sludge residue pellet. Bacillus addition step (S3) for adding Bacillus bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets that have undergone the step (S2), the planarization step (S1), and the ozone treatment step (S2), and the sewage sludge that has undergone the Bacillus addition step A pellet surface layer drying step (S4) for drying the surface layer portion of the residual pellet, a lactic acid bacteria addition step (S5) for adding lactic acid bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets that have undergone the pellet surface layer drying step (S4), and a lactic acid bacteria addition step The pile process (S6) which piles up the sewage sludge residue pellet which passed through (S5), and the fermenter which ferments the sewage sludge residue pellet which passed through the pile process (S6) (S7) has a may have other steps. In addition, the fermentation step (S7) preferably includes a turnover step (S71) and a moisture adjustment step during fermentation (S72). In addition, the order of a planarization process (S1) and an ozone treatment process (S2) is not ask | required.

  The flattening step (S1) is a step of spreading the sewage sludge residue pellets into a flat shape, as long as the pellets are uniformly spread, and may be in a state where the pellets partially overlap. By this planarization step, it is possible to attach the added Bacillus bacteria to the whole, and to suppress a rapid temperature increase due to the metabolism of the Bacillus bacteria. Moreover, when performing ozone treatment after a planarization process, the liquid containing ozone can be made to contact the whole sewage sludge residue pellet.

  The ozone treatment step (S2) is, for example, a step of bringing a liquid containing ozone into contact with a sewage sludge residue pellet, and spraying a liquid containing ozone on a sewage sludge residue pellet spread in a flat shape. Before spraying a liquid containing ozone, it is preferable to preliminarily add water to the sewage sludge residue pellet spread in a flat shape to adjust the water content. Thereby, the liquid containing ozone can be osmose | permeated to the inside of a pellet. For example, the water content of the sewage sludge residue pellet is preferably adjusted to 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 25 to 50% by mass, and even more preferably about 30 to 50% by mass. By this ozone treatment, it is possible to sterilize miscellaneous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the state where the bacteria useful for fermentation present in the sewage sludge residue pellets are survived, and the fermentation process (S7) can be shortened. .

  In this ozone treatment step, part or all of the treatment may be performed before the planarization step. That is, ozone treatment may be performed before spreading the sewage sludge residue pellets in a flat shape, and the ozone-treated pellets may be spread in a flat shape.

  The Bacillus bacterium addition step (S3) is a step of adding Bacillus bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets that have undergone the planarization process and the ozone treatment process, and in a state in which Bacillus bacteria are dissolved in a predetermined amount of water, It is preferable to add uniformly. As described above, when the sewage sludge residue pellets are spread in a flat shape, it is easy to attach Bacillus bacteria to the whole.

  In addition, it is preferable to adjust the water content of a sewage sludge residue pellet before the Bacillus bacteria addition process. Specifically, the water content of the sewage sludge residue pellet after addition of Bacillus bacteria is preferably adjusted to 25 to 70% by mass, more preferably 30 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 60% by mass. It is preferable to keep it. By this step, the pellet can be swollen and the cells can be penetrated into the inside of the pellet, and the activity of the cells can be enhanced.

  Examples of Bacillus added in the method of the present invention include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto can be mentioned, and among these, Bacillus subtilis var. natto is preferred. These Bacillus bacteria can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. The method for obtaining Bacillus bacteria is not particularly limited, and commercially available products can be used. In addition, for example, food itself containing Bacillus bacteria such as natto, or Bacillus bacteria isolated therefrom may be used.

  The subsequent pellet surface layer drying step (S4) is a step of drying the surface layer portion of the sewage sludge residue pellet, and is a step of supporting Bacillus bacteria inside the pellet by drying the surface layer portion of the pellet. In this pellet surface layer drying step, for example, natural drying is performed for 12 to 48 hours after addition of Bacillus bacteria, but the pellet group may be dried while stirring as necessary. In addition, when it is dried as it is in a flat form, the upper and lower parts of the pellet group are not uniformly dried, but at least the upper part of the pellet group is in a state where a part of the surface layer part of the pellet is in a dry state. To dry.

  The lactic acid bacteria addition step (S5) is a step of adding lactic acid bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets whose surface layer portion has been dried. The lactic acid bacteria are added from above to the flatly spread pellets, and the lactic acid bacteria are added to the pellet surface layer portion. This is the step of supporting. Examples of the lactic acid bacteria to be added include, for example, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, The lactic acid bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc can be mentioned. These lactic acid bacteria can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. The method for obtaining lactic acid bacteria is not particularly limited, and commercially available products can be used. Further, for example, foods containing lactic acid bacteria such as yogurt or lactic acid bacteria isolated therefrom may be used.

  In addition, the addition of lactic acid bacteria is performed on the sewage sludge residue pellets in a state of being spread at least in a flat shape, but by performing again on the sewage sludge residue pellets in a piled-up state in the next step, a more whole pellet is obtained. It is possible to give lactic acid bacteria to the.

  Add Bacillus bacteria to the raw material sewage sludge residue pellets, dry the pellet surface layer, and then add lactic acid bacteria to support Bacillus bacteria inside the pellet and to support lactic acid bacteria in the surface layer part. And a two-layer structure of two types of bacteria can be formed on the pellet. By using two types of cells with different temperature active regions, each cell is mutually activated, so a physical heating device is not required, and a fermentation temperature of 60 ° C. to 70 ° C. can be achieved only by natural fermentation. Can last.

  The stacking step (S6) is a step of stacking sewage sludge residue pellets. For example, it is preferably performed within 1 hour after the addition of lactic acid bacteria, and more preferably within 30 minutes. In this step, for example, it is preferable to form a mountain so as to wrap a flat pellet group from the outside, it is desirable to form a mountain as high as possible, and it is particularly preferable to pile at a repose angle. In addition, it is preferable that the pellet group is piled up in a mountain range (in a state extending in a predetermined direction) for fermentation because a large amount of bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets can be efficiently fermented.

  A fermentation process (S7) is a process of fermenting a sewage sludge residue pellet of a pile state, and performs a turn-back (turn-back process: S71) and water | moisture-content adjustment (moisture-adjustment process at the time of fermentation: S72) as needed. In other words, when the fermentation temperature of the pellet group is lowered, it is turned over and the water content is adjusted so that oxygen supply and cell distribution are averaged, and uniform fermentation and growth of useful microorganisms are maintained. Make it possible. Moreover, the surface layer part of a pellet turns into powder form by this cutting, and it is isolate | separated from a pellet main body, and becomes a lump-like pellet and powder mixture. In the method for producing fermentation pellets of the present invention, the sterilized sludge residue pellets treated with ozone are used, so that germs contained in the sewage sludge residue pellets are sterilized and bacteria useful for fermentation are utilized. Therefore, the fermentation process proceeds in a short period. In addition, the necessary turnover can be reduced. For example, the fermentation pellets of the present invention can be produced even by turning back and forth once or twice.

  In the present invention, since fermentation proceeds in a piled state, a high temperature region is formed for a long time by microorganisms from the central part to the apex of the piled-up pellet group, so that useful microorganisms including Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the inside Increases activity. Moreover, the area | region where a temperature difference differs is formed in an outer surface layer part and a deep layer part, and the active area | region of the microbial cell from which a temperature area differs can be formed. For example, filamentous fungi grow in a layer having a depth of 5 to 10 cm from the surface, lactic acid bacteria and oxidized bacteria grow inside, and Bacillus fungi grow in the deep layer. The temperature near the surface layer is held in a temperature range of about 30 to 45 ° C., and the temperature of the deep layer is held in a temperature range of about 60 to 70 ° C.

In the fermentation process, it is considered that the following actions occur in the piled-up pellet group, which makes it possible to produce useful fermentation pellets (functional compost) at high speed only by natural fermentation. It is done.
First, when looking at the activity of Bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria carried on the sewage sludge residue pellets, the lactic acid bacteria have an active temperature range lower than that of Bacillus bacteria, so they become an accelerator for the fermentation of the pellets, up to the active temperature range of Bacillus bacteria. Increase temperature. That is, first, a lactic acid bacterium having an active temperature range of 15 to 42 ° C. decomposes a monosaccharide that is a water-soluble component in the surface layer of a single pellet, and raises the temperature of the single pellet with metabolic heat generated in the decomposition process. Furthermore, since lactic acid bacteria produce a large amount of lactic acid and antibiotics through metabolism, the environment around the surface of the pellet alone is made acidic, so that other microorganisms that are not resistant to acids are kept away, and microorganisms such as germs are eliminated by antibiotics. . As the lactic acid bacteria on the surface of the pellet alone are activated, the temperature of the pellet alone gradually rises, and Bacillus bacteria (active temperature range of 20 to 65 ° C.) that are active in the high temperature range existing inside the pellet alone are gradually activated. start.

  Bacillus bacteria decompose the organic matter inside the pellet itself to convert it into monosaccharides, which are again utilized by the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in the surface layer. The metabolic heat generated by the large number of these microorganisms simultaneously decomposing the organic matter of the pellet alone raises the temperature of the deep layer of the pile-like pellet group to 60-70 ° C. within a narrow range. By raising the temperature of the pile-like pellet group deep layer part to 60-70 ° C., it becomes possible to kill pathogenic bacteria and various germs with poor heat resistance. In addition, when the temperature of the deep part of the pile-like pellet group reaches the lactic acid bacteria killing temperature, the lactic acid bacteria are killed, but the dead lactic acid bacteria are used for the metabolism of the Bacillus bacteria, so that the Bacillus bacteria can be stably propagated. Furthermore, metabolic byproducts such as lactic acid of lactic acid bacteria can be added to the pellet alone. However, since the outer surface layer portion of the piled-up pellet group does not reach the lactic acid bacteria killing temperature, there are many microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria and oxidizing bacteria as compared to the deep layer portion. Thus, by using lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus bacteria in the fermentation process of the present invention, natural fermentation can be performed efficiently without the need for a heating device.

  On the other hand, when viewed as a whole piled-up pellet group, in the initial stage of piled up, a large amount of filamentous fungi propagates, and a high-density layer of filamentous fungi is 5 to 10 cm thick on the outer surface layer part of the piled-up pellet group. After being produced, the fungi begin to propagate throughout, and at the same time the growth of Bacillus and other oxidizing bacteria increase with the increase in internal temperature. A temperature difference in a low temperature range of 30 to 45 ° C. is produced in the side surface layer portion of the piled pellet group. Due to this difference in temperature difference, the activity of filamentous fungi active in the low temperature region becomes active in the surface layer portion of the piled-up pellet group, and inside it becomes the active region of mixing of lactic acid bacteria, oxidizing bacteria and Bacillus bacteria, Then, Bacillus bacteria that are active at high temperatures are active.

  In addition, aerobic fermentation with useful microorganisms is performed in the deep part of the piled pellets, and sugars, proteins, hemicellulose and cellulose are decomposed and mineralized into water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, but some are microorganisms It remains as a metabolite. Some of the generated water vapor is released from the top, but due to the high density layer of filamentous fungi on the surface layer of the piled-up pellet group, some is not released from the side but released from the top. Water vapor containing metabolites that have not been convected naturally within the piled pellets. In the process of natural convection, metabolites are polymerized to form refractory compounds, and refractory residues such as lignin and tannin contained in the pellets react with the metabolite polymer to produce humic substances (fulvic acid, Humic acid). In addition, a part of the metabolite water vapor compounded from the top of the piled pellets is released, so that the inside of the pile is decompressed and air is taken in from the gap in the side surface layer. Acts to promote aerobic fermentation of useful microorganisms inside the piled-up pellet group, and further a polymerization reaction occurs.

  In the method for producing fermented pellets of the present invention, it is preferable to ferment by covering the center part excluding the top part and the lower part of the stacked pellets with a coating material (see FIG. 2). Examples of the covering material include a sheet, a conical formwork, and the like, and it is preferably made of a material that blocks ultraviolet rays.

  By covering and fermenting with a coating material, a pile-shaped pellet group is heat-retained, internal temperature rises, fermentation is accelerated | stimulated, and fermentation of a pile-shaped pellet group advances more uniformly. That is, due to the heat retaining effect of this coating material, the temperature in the lower center (deep layer) of the pile-like pellet group in which fermentation is difficult to proceed is increased and the fermentation is promoted. While being discharged from the top of the mountain, outside air is introduced from the side of the bottom of the mountain. Furthermore, a virtuous cycle in which the activity of oxidizing bacteria and the like is activated by the introduction of outside air and the internal fermentation is further promoted is born. In addition, the coating material prevents the diffusion of water vapor including ammonia generated by fermentation to the outside, and the content of water vapor including ammonia contained in the produced fermentation pellets is increased. Can be efficiently digested, and the content of nitrate nitrogen can be increased inside the fermentation pellet, so that the fertilization effect of the fermentation pellet (functional compost) can be enhanced. Moreover, ultraviolet rays can be prevented by the coating material, and useful bacteria (such as filamentous fungi living on the surface) during fermentation can be prevented from being killed.

  Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet of this invention, you may introduce air toward the upper direction from the downward center of a pile-shaped pellet group. Thereby, fermentation of the center lower part (deep layer part) of the pile-shaped pellet group which fermentation cannot progress easily can be promoted. In addition, air may be introduced from the entire lower part of the pile-shaped pellet group by increasing the amount of air introduced from the lower center of the pile-like pellet group and reducing the air introduction amount around it.

  In the manufacturing method of the fermentation pellet of this invention, it can utilize as compost equivalent to a fully-ripened compost in 7 to 14 days from the start of fermentation. It can be seen that the fermentation by the method of the present invention proceeds at a high speed as compared with the fact that the fermentation period in the production of conventional compost or bokeh fertilizer is 1 to 2 months in the temperature range of 60 to 65 ° C. Moreover, it turns out that the conventional fermentation period using the sewage sludge residue pellet which does not perform an ozone treatment is required for 14-20 days from fermentation start, and is further accelerated from this.

  Fermentation pellets (functional compost) produced by the production method of the present invention contain 2-3 times or more fulvic acid and humic acid as compared with raw material sewage sludge residue pellets. Fulvic acid and humic acid are valuable resources that are produced only in trace amounts in nature, and are substances that are said to take about 100 years to form a 1 cm deposit in nature. The production method of the present invention is characterized in that fulvic acid and humic acid that require time for such production can be produced in a very short period of time.

  Moreover, the fermented pellets produced by the production method of the present invention have an effect of attracting small animals effective for soil improvement such as effective nematodes and white mites (see FIG. 3), and further propagate actinomycetes in the soil. effective. Moreover, when a plant is grown using the fermentation pellet produced by the production method of the present invention, a phenomenon that the root of the plant has entered the fermentation pellet is observed. The attraction of such nematodes and the introduction of roots means that animals and plants are recognized as high-quality natural soil, and it is a proof that it is very close to high-quality natural soil. is there.

  The improvement of such biota by the fermentation pellets produced by the production method of the present invention greatly improves the physicochemical properties in the soil. Improvement of the soil environment affects the growth of plants, quality improvement, disease resistance, etc., so by effectively using the fermentation pellets produced by the production method of the present invention, the quality of crops can be improved and the yield can be improved. It becomes possible to achieve stability of management by improving stability and convenience by unifying fertilizer and establishing a low-cost production system. Furthermore, it will lead to the establishment of recycling-type agriculture, enabling sustainable agriculture.

  In addition, the manufactured fermentation pellets (functional compost) are composed of two types: powdered compost decomposed by metabolism of useful microorganisms and pellet-shaped compost containing many undegraded parts. Depending on the situation, they may be used as a mixture or may be used separately.

  Functional compost, which is a mixture of powder and pellets produced by the production method of the present invention, is easily decomposed by soil microorganisms when used as a fertilizer for cultivated plants in the agriculture and forestry industry. A fast powdery substance has a great effect on the initial growth of the plant, and after that, a pellet-like substance containing a large amount of non-supplyable nitrogen is decomposed by soil microorganisms and the supplyable nitrogen is expressed over a long period of time. It is effective for plant growth.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a fermentation method in which bacillus bacteria are carried inside the pellets that have been treated with ozone and fermented in piles of bacteria-carrying pellets that carry lactic acid bacteria on the surface layer. The details of the fermentation method are as described above. Examples of the pellet used in the present invention include the above-mentioned sewage sludge residue pellets and other organic material pellets (livestock manure pellets, wood pellets). According to the fermentation method of the present invention, fermentation can be performed in a shorter period than natural fermentation.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Preparation of ozone water]
5 liters of purified water was put into an 8 liter bottle, and ozone water was prepared using an ozone generator (ozone buster (underwater type): manufactured by Earth Walker Trading Co., Ltd.). The ozone concentration was measured every 5 minutes from the start to the completion of the ozone treatment for 30 minutes. In addition, the pH of the treated water was measured together with the ozone concentration. The result is shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the ozone treatment by the ozone generator, it was confirmed that the ozone concentration in the liquid increased with the treatment time. It was confirmed that the relationship between ozone concentration and time is positive and can be approximated by “y = 0.099x + 1.0444”.

  In addition, as a result of confirming about the ozone concentration reduction | decrease in the open air atmosphere in the ozone water which produced | generated ozone concentration 3.5ppm, ozone concentration decreased 1 ppm after 5 minutes, and was 2.5 ppm. Furthermore, it decreased to 2.0 ppm after 10 minutes, and decreased to 1.5 ppm after 20 minutes. Thereafter, as a result of leaving for 210 minutes, the ozone concentration decreased to 0.5 ppm.

  As described above, the ozone water used in the method for producing fermentation pellets of the present invention can be produced using a commercially available small-sized ozone generator. Therefore, since the fermentation period of fermentation pellets can be shortened by ozone treatment, the total cost of fermentation pellet production can be reduced.

[Example 1]
[Manufacture of fermentation pellets]
As a raw material sewage sludge residue pellet, “Higashi Nagasaki Demonstration No. 1” (fertilizer registered by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) consisting of sewage sludge residue treated with low molecular weight was pelletized into a shape of about 10 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length. A thing was used.

  First, about 2000 kg of sewage sludge residue pellets as raw materials were taken out from the flexible container, spread in a flat shape, and left for one week.

  Water was added to 100 L of water from the upper part of the sewage sludge residue pellet spread in a flat shape after being left for one week. After addition, 20 L of ozone water having an ozone concentration of 2 ppm to 2.5 ppm was added from above.

  Thereafter, Bacillus bacteria isolated from commercially available natto was dissolved in water and adjusted to 12 L, and the whole sewage sludge residue pellets were added. Initially, only the upper layer was wet, but after about 3 hours it was wet to the bottom.

After drying the sewage sludge residue pellet to which Bacillus was added for 12 hours, 10 L of water in which 200 mL of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria cultured from rice bran) was dissolved was added from above the sewage sludge residue pellet, 10 L of water in which 200 mL of lactic acid bacteria were dissolved was sprayed over the whole, and further 10 L of water was sprayed.
At this time, the height and width of the pile were about 65 cm in height and about 100 cm in width.

  After fermenting for 3 days, the first turn was performed, and 100 L of water was added after stacking.

  After further fermenting for 7 days, the pellets were spread flat and the fermentation pellets (functional compost) were completed.

  The number of fermentation days was 10 days, and it was possible to perform the fermentation treatment in a short period of time compared to the case where the ozone treatment was not performed (Reference Example 1 described later). Moreover, the fermented pellets produced contained a large amount of fulvic acid and humic acid as in Reference Example 1. Also, judging the maturity based on the maturity evaluation criteria, the water content is 40% or less, the hue is whitened by actinomycetes, the shape is also broken by microbial decomposition, there is almost no ammonia odor, EC Was also 4 mS / cm or less (see FIG. 5), and it was also confirmed that the product was fully matured. Furthermore, since the fermentation process was shortened, the discharge of excess nitrogen was suppressed, and it was also confirmed that the nitrate nitrogen concentration was higher than the previous one (see FIG. 6). That is, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce compost having a high fertilization effect containing a large amount of nitrate nitrogen.

[Reference Example 1]

  Fermentation pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ozone treatment was not performed. Specifically, the fermentation pellet was manufactured by the method shown below.

As a raw material sewage sludge residue pellet, “Higashi Nagasaki Demonstration No. 1” (fertilizer registered by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) consisting of sewage sludge residue treated with low molecular weight was pelletized into a shape of about 10 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length. Things were used.

  First, about 1000 kg of sewage sludge residue pellets as raw materials were taken out from the flexible container, spread in a flat shape, and left for one week.

  Water was added to 170 L of water from the upper part of the sewage sludge residue pellet spread in a flat shape after being left for one week. Thereafter, Bacillus bacteria isolated from commercially available natto was dissolved in water and adjusted to 30 L, and the whole sewage sludge residue pellets were added.

After drying the sewage sludge residue pellet to which Bacillus was added for 12 hours, 10 L of water in which 200 mL of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria cultured from rice bran) was dissolved was added from above the sewage sludge residue pellet, 10 L of water in which 200 mL of lactic acid bacteria were dissolved was sprayed over the whole, and further 10 L of water was sprayed.
At this time, the height and width of the pile were about 65 cm in height and about 100 cm in width.

  After fermenting for 1 week, the first turn was performed, and 100 L of water was added after stacking.

  Furthermore, after making it ferment for 5 days, the second turn was performed, and after pile-up, 100 L of water was added, and also it was made to ferment for 8 days, and the fermentation pellet (functional compost) was manufactured.

[Evaluation of functional compost manufactured in Reference Example 1]
About the functional compost manufactured by the reference example 1, and the sewage sludge residue pellet (reference comparative example 1) used as a raw material, the component analysis was performed in the third party organization. In addition, about the analysis of fulvic acid and humic acid, the international humic society society method was used. For analysis of cation exchange capacity, fertilizer analysis method 5.31.2 was used. For analysis of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, fertilizer analysis method 7.6 was used. The fertilizer analysis method was used for the analysis of the carbon nitrogen ratio.
The results are shown in Table 1 below.

  As shown in Table 1, in the functional compost of Reference Example 1, fulvic acid was about 3 times and humic acid was about 2 times that of Reference Comparative Example 1. That is, it became clear by using the processing method of Reference Example 1 that the raw material sewage sludge residue pellets were humified in a very short period of time.

Since this invention can manufacture a very useful functional compost, it is highly industrially useful.

Claims (13)

A method for producing a fermentation pellet for fermenting a bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellet in which a Bacillus bacterium is carried inside the sewage sludge residue pellet and a lactic acid bacterium is carried on the surface layer part,
A method for producing a fermentation pellet, wherein the fungus-supported sewage sludge residue pellet is a sewage sludge residue pellet that has been ozone-treated with a liquid or gas containing ozone.   The fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria-supporting sewage sludge residue pellets are prepared by adding Bacillus bacteria to the ozone-treated sewage sludge residue pellets, drying the pellet surface layer, and then adding lactic acid bacteria. Pellet manufacturing method.   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets are piled up and fermented. An ozone treatment process in which a liquid or gas containing ozone is brought into contact with a sewage sludge residue pellet;
A planarization step of spreading the sewage sludge residue pellets into a flat shape;
A Bacillus bacteria adding step of adding Bacillus bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets through the flattening process;
A pellet surface layer drying step for drying the surface layer portion of the sewage sludge residue pellet that has undergone the Bacillus bacteria addition step;
Lactic acid bacteria addition step of adding lactic acid bacteria to the sewage sludge residue pellets through the pellet surface layer drying step,
A pile-up process of piled up bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets through the lactic acid bacteria addition process;
A fermentation process for fermenting bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets through a pile process,
The method for producing a fermented pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The fermentation process
A reversing process for reversing the bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets;
A moisture adjustment step for adjusting the moisture content of the bacteria-supported sewage sludge residue pellets;
The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to claim 4, comprising:   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fermentation is performed for 7 to 14 days.   The method for producing a fermented pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sewage sludge residue pellet is obtained by pelletizing a sewage sludge residue that has been subjected to low molecular weight treatment.   The method for producing fermentation pellets according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the fermentation is performed by covering the center part excluding the top and lower parts of the piled bacteria-carrying sewage sludge residue pellets with a covering material.   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fermentation pellet to be produced is compost.   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ozone treatment is performed using a liquid containing ozone.   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to claim 10, wherein the ozone concentration of the liquid containing ozone used in the ozone treatment is 0.5 to 5.0 ppm.   The method for producing a fermentation pellet according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the amount of the liquid containing ozone with respect to the sewage sludge residue pellet used in the ozone treatment is 0.005 to 0.5 L / kg. A method of fermenting pellets, characterized in that Bacillus bacteria are carried inside a pellet that has been ozone-treated with a liquid containing ozone, and the bacteria-carrying pellets having lactic acid bacteria carried on the surface layer are piled up and fermented.