JP2019085634A - 鉄基焼結合金材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
鉄基焼結合金材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019085634A JP2019085634A JP2017217064A JP2017217064A JP2019085634A JP 2019085634 A JP2019085634 A JP 2019085634A JP 2017217064 A JP2017217064 A JP 2017217064A JP 2017217064 A JP2017217064 A JP 2017217064A JP 2019085634 A JP2019085634 A JP 2019085634A
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- sintered alloy
- based sintered
- mass
- alloy material
- Prior art date
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 253
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006902 nitrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017263 Mo—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PCEXQRKSUSSDFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Mo] Chemical compound [Mn].[Mo] PCEXQRKSUSSDFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017116 Fe—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017309 Mo—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017318 Mo—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical group [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102200082816 rs34868397 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/01—Reducing atmosphere
- B22F2201/016—NH3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/02—Nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Description
表面を硬化する前の鉄基焼結合金基材は、炭素を含む鉄基焼結合金で構成され、表面が硬化された鉄基焼結合金材においても、硬化層以外の部分については同じ合金組成である。その合金組成は、炭素を含む鉄合金組成であり、炭素鋼、低合金鋼及び高合金鋼等の鉄鋼類の組成を含む。例えば、クロム鋼、ニッケルクロム鋼、ニッケルクロムモリブデン鋼、クロムモリブデン鋼、ニッケルモリブデン鋼、マンガン鋼、マンガンモリブデン鋼等の合金鋼の組成が挙げられ、これらに限らず、Fe−Cu−C合金や、その他の炭素を含む鉄合金組成が範疇に含まれる。このような組成の鉄基焼結合金基材に浸窒焼入れを施して硬化層を形成することによって、表面が硬化された鉄基焼結合金が得られる。
鉄基焼結合金基材の製造に使用する原料粉末は、炭素粉末を含み、鉄を主成分とする混合粉末(鉄基混合粉末)であり、目的の合金組成に応じて、例えば、クロム(Cr)、銅(Cu)、モリブデン(Mo)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、アルミニウム(Al)、バナジウム(V)、チタン(Ti)、ケイ素(Si)等の合金化成分を任意に配合することができる。合金化成分は、鉄との合金粉末の形態で原料粉末に配合しても、或いは、単味粉末として配合してもよい。クロム及びモリブデンは、材料の硬さや機械的性質の改善に特に有効な成分である。クロム、銅、モリブデン、マンガン及びニッケルのうちの1種以上を含む原料粉末から、上述のクロム鋼、ニッケルモリブデン鋼などの合金鋼と同様の組成の鉄基焼結合金が得られる。上述の合金化成分の何れか又は全てを配合する場合、合金化成分の鉄基焼結合金中の含有量は、各々、クロム:0.15〜4.5質量%、銅:0.2〜4.5質量%、モリブデン:0.1〜2.0質量%、マンガン:0.1〜3.0質量%、ニッケル:0.2〜4.5質量%であると好ましい。
浸窒焼入れは、鉄基焼結合金基材を浸窒用ガスに接触させて行うので、鉄基焼結合金基材の雰囲気条件を整える必要がある。従って、焼結炉から回収した鉄基焼結合金基材を焼入れ炉に導入する前後に、以下のように焼入れ炉内の雰囲気条件を整える。
鉄材は、製法に起因して微量の不可避不純物を含み、炭素鋼にも微量(1%未満)のマンガン等が含まれる。炭素を0.02〜2%程度含有する鉄と炭素の合金である炭素鋼は、粘りがあり、自動車部品や機械装置の構造部品等の製造に使用されるが、硬度は比較的低いので、浸窒焼入れによる表面硬化を行うことによって、耐久性が向上した各種部品が提供される。炭素鋼と同様の合金組成を有するFe−C系焼結合金についても、浸窒焼入れによる表面硬化によって耐久性を向上させることができ、例えば、炭素量が0.45%である機械構造用炭素鋼(JIS規格のS45C)や、0.9〜1.0%である炭素工具鋼(JIS規格のSK95)等と同様の合金組成を有する焼結合金材に本発明の技術を適用して、耐久性に優れたFe−C系焼結合金の機械部品や工具等を提供することができる。
クロム鋼(JIS規格のSCr435,SCr440,SCr445等)、ステンレス綱(JIS規格のSUS420等)、高炭素クロム軸受鋼(JIS規格のSUJ2)等は、0.15〜4.5%程度のクロム、0.2〜1.0%程度の炭素、及び、不可避不純物としてマンガンを含有する。又、クロムモリブデン鋼(JIS規格のSCM435,SCM440等)は、0.9〜1.2%程度のクロム、0.1〜0.2%程度のモリブデン、0.35〜0.5%程度の炭素、及び、不可避不純物を含有し、比較的強度を有する材料であるので、構造材料として利用される。Fe−Cr−C系合金における浸窒焼入れの有効性は高く、硬化層においてクロム窒化物が分散していると効果が高まる。従って、Fe−Cr−C系焼結合金についても、浸窒焼入れによる表面硬化によって耐久性を向上させることができ、上述のような鋼材と同様の合金組成を有する焼結合金材に本発明の技術を適用して、耐久性に優れたFe−C系焼結合金の機械部品や工具等を提供することができる。
銅鋼は、0.2〜4.5%程度の銅、0.4〜1.0%程度の炭素、及び、不可避不純物を含有し、一般構造材として利用される。このような鋼材と同様の合金組成を有する焼結合金材に本発明の技術を適用すると、耐久性に優れたFe−Cu−C系焼結合金を一般構造材等として提供することができる。
ニッケルモリブデン鋼は、0.2〜5.0%程度のニッケル、0.1〜2.0%程度のモリブデン、0.2〜1.0%程度の炭素、 及び、不可避不純物を含有する。ニッケルによって靱性及び耐摩耗性が付与され、モリブデンによって耐摩耗性が付与された組成である。ニッケル、モリブデンによって焼入れ性が向上し、焼き戻し時の軟化が抑制されるので、上記のような鋼材と同様の合金組成を有する焼結合金材に本発明の技術を適用すると、硬化層を形成した鉄基焼結合金材は非常に高い硬度を示す。
マンガンモリブデン鋼は、0.1〜3.0%程度のマンガン、0.1〜2.0%程度のモリブデン、0.2〜1.0%程度の炭素を含有し、高い引張強さを有する組成である。マンガンにより靱性及び耐摩耗性が付与され,モリブデンにより耐摩耗性が付与された組成である。モリブデンによって焼き戻し時の軟化が抑制されるので、上記のような鋼材と同様の合金組成を有する焼結合金材に本発明の技術を適用すると、硬化層を形成した鉄基焼結合金材は非常に高い硬度を示す。
Fe−Cr−Mo−Mn合金粉末に黒鉛粉末を配合して均一に混合することにより、全体組成(質量%)が、Cr:0.5%、Mo:0.2%、Mn:0.2%、C:0.5%及び残部鉄からなる原料粉末を調製した。この原料粉末を用いて、以下の成形及び焼結を行った。
外径50mm、内径30mm、長さ6mmの円環形状のキャビティを有する金型を用意し、原料粉末をキャビティに投入して、パンチで加圧圧縮することにより、圧粉密度が7.2Mg/m3程度の圧粉体に成形した。この圧粉体を、焼結炉内に据え置き、90%の窒素と10%の水素の混合ガス雰囲気中で1200℃に加熱し、60分間焼結した後に炉内温度を下げて、試料1の鉄基焼結合金基材を得た。尚、密度は、アルキメデス法により、キレスピンドル油に圧粉体を浸漬することにより変化する重量を室温で測定して、得られる重量変化に基づいて決定した。
鉄粉末に、銅粉末、黒鉛粉末及び成形潤滑剤を配合して、Cu:1.5%、C:0.6%及び残部鉄からなる原料粉末を調製し、この原料粉末を使用して試料1と同様に作製した圧粉体を焼結炉内に据え置き、90%の窒素と10%の水素の混合ガス雰囲気中で1130℃に加熱し、60分間焼結した後に炉内温度を下げて、試料2の鉄基焼結合金基材を得た。
Fe−Mo合金粉末に、ニッケル粉末、黒鉛粉末及び成形潤滑剤を配合して、Mo:1.5%、Ni:2.0%、C:0.5%及び残部鉄からなる原料粉末を調製して使用した点以外は試料1と同様の作業を繰り返して、試料3の鉄基焼結合金基材を得た。
Fe−Mo合金粉末に、Fe−Mn合金粉末、銅粉末、黒鉛粉末及び成形潤滑剤を配合して、Mn:1.3%、Mo:0.5%、Cu:1.0%、C:0.5%及び残部鉄からなる原料粉末を調製して使用した点以外は試料1と同様の作業を繰り返して、試料4の鉄基焼結合金基材を得た。
上記試料1〜4の各々の鉄基焼結合金基材について、寸法合わせの加工(加工後の試料の長さ:5.6mm)を施した後、以下の作業を行うことによって浸窒焼入れ及び焼戻しを施した。尚、以下の作業において、浸窒温度は、780℃(試料1〜3)又は740℃(試料4)に設定し、焼入れ温度を700℃に、焼戻し温度を180℃に設定した。
更に、焼入れによって表面が硬化した鉄基焼結合金材を、大気雰囲気の炉内において焼戻し温度で60分間加熱することによって焼き戻しを施した後、加熱を停止して自然冷却し、鉄基焼結合金材を回収した。
浸窒用ガスの代わりにガス浸炭剤(一酸化炭素及び炭化水素を含む石炭ガス)を使用し、加熱温度を浸窒温度から浸炭温度に変更し、浸炭処理後に温度を低下させずに浸炭温度において焼入れを行ったこと以外は、浸窒焼入れと同じ作業を繰り返した。同様の焼き戻しを行って、試料1〜4の鉄基焼結合金基材に浸炭焼入れを施した鉄基焼結合金材を得た。尚、浸炭温度は、850℃(試料1,3及び4)又は900℃(試料2)に設定した。
試料1〜4の各々について、表面を硬化した鉄基焼結合金材の硬さ(HRA)を、ロックウェル硬さ試験機(株式会社アカシ製、ARK−F1000)を用いて測定した。測定は、室温において、円錐形ダイヤモンド圧子によって荷重60kgf(588N)で行い、5点の測定の平均値としての値を得た。更に、5%ナイタル腐食液による腐食処理を施した鉄基焼結合金材の断面において、表面から深さ0.1mmにおける硬さ(ビッカース硬さHv)を、微小硬度測定装置(株式会社ミツトヨ製、HM−200)を用いて測定し(荷重0.98N)、5点の測定値の平均値としての値を得た。結果を表1に示す。
更に、歪み解析による楕円量としての歪み計測に基づいて、スプロケット形状における歪みを評価したところ、楕円量の平均値は、156μm(浸炭焼入れ)、119μm(浸炭窒化焼入れ)、60μm(浸窒焼入れ)であった。浸窒焼入れによる歪みは、浸炭焼入れの場合の歪みの40%程度に減少することが解る。
Claims (11)
- 窒素を過飽和に固溶するマルテンサイト相を呈する硬化層を表面に有する、炭素を含有する鉄基焼結合金材。
- 炭素を0.1〜1.0質量%含む請求項1に記載の鉄基焼結合金材。
- 更に、クロム、銅、モリブデン、マンガン及びニッケルからなる群より選択される1種以上の合金化成分を含む請求項1又は2に記載の鉄基焼結合金材。
- 更に、0.15〜4.5質量%のクロム、0.2〜4.5質量%の銅、0.1〜2.0質量%のモリブデン、0.1〜3.0質量%のマンガン、及び、0.2〜4.5質量%のニッケルからなる群より選択される1種以上の合金化成分を含有する請求項1又は2に記載の鉄基焼結合金材。
- 前記硬化層は、表面からの深さが100μm以上である請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の鉄基焼結合金材。
- 炭素粉末を含有する鉄基混合粉末を所望の形状の圧粉体に成形し、
前記圧粉体に対して非酸化性の環境で、前記圧粉体を1000〜1300℃に加熱して焼結することにより鉄基焼結合金基材を得て、
前記鉄基焼結合金基材を、アンモニアを含む雰囲気中で590℃以上の浸窒温度に加熱する浸窒処理を行い、
前記浸窒処理の後の前記鉄基焼結合金基材を急冷して焼入れを行う鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。 - 前記焼入れは、前記浸窒温度より低い焼入れ温度で行う請求項6に記載の鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。
- 前記焼入れの後、更に、100〜200℃に加熱して焼戻しを行う請求項6又は7に記載の鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。
- 前記鉄基混合粉末が含有する炭素粉末が、0.1〜1.2質量%の黒鉛粉末である請求項6〜8の何れか一項に記載の鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。
- 前記鉄基混合粉末が、更に、クロム、銅、モリブデン、マンガン及びニッケルからなる群より選択される1種以上の合金化成分を含む請求項6〜9の何れか一項に記載の鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。
- 前記鉄基混合粉末は、更に、0.15〜4.5質量%のクロム、0.2〜4.5質量%の銅、0.1〜2.0質量%のモリブデン、0.1〜3.0質量%のマンガン、及び、0.2〜4.5質量%のニッケルからなる群より選択される1種以上の合金化成分を含有する請求項6〜9の何れか一項に記載の鉄基焼結合金材の製造方法。
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- 2018-11-09 WO PCT/JP2018/041670 patent/WO2019093480A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-11-09 US US16/762,737 patent/US20200331068A1/en not_active Abandoned
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TWI726451B (zh) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-01 | 晟銘電子科技股份有限公司 | 具有滲氮層的成型體的製備方法及其成型體 |
WO2022176397A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 摺動部材並びにその製造方法及び製造装置 |
KR20230025240A (ko) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-02-21 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 아우터링 및 아우터링을 제조하는 방법 |
KR102586490B1 (ko) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-10-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 아우터링 및 아우터링을 제조하는 방법 |
US11852139B2 (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2023-12-26 | Hyundai Motor Company | Outer ring for an oil pump and a method for manufacturing the same |
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US20200331068A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
CN115595530A (zh) | 2023-01-13 |
CN111344429B (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
JP7167428B2 (ja) | 2022-11-09 |
WO2019093480A1 (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
US20230211413A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
CN111344429A (zh) | 2020-06-26 |
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