JP2018535938A - シクロヘキサノールをシクロヘキサノンに転換するためのナノ粒子触媒 - Google Patents
シクロヘキサノールをシクロヘキサノンに転換するためのナノ粒子触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018535938A JP2018535938A JP2018516822A JP2018516822A JP2018535938A JP 2018535938 A JP2018535938 A JP 2018535938A JP 2018516822 A JP2018516822 A JP 2018516822A JP 2018516822 A JP2018516822 A JP 2018516822A JP 2018535938 A JP2018535938 A JP 2018535938A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- cuclp
- cyclohexanol
- activated
- cyclohexanone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940102127 rubidium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002243 cyclohexanonyl group Chemical group *C1(*)C(=O)C(*)(*)C(*)(*)C(*)(*)C1(*)* 0.000 claims description 2
- OKWWHCXMQGIHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-L P(=O)([O-])([O-])Cl.[Cu+2] Chemical group P(=O)([O-])([O-])Cl.[Cu+2] OKWWHCXMQGIHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 3
- CEOFKDQSMDGCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(Cl)=O Chemical group [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(Cl)=O CEOFKDQSMDGCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 114
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 49
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 copper chloropyrrolate skeleton Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000779 annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002056 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KBAHJOGZLVQNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K rubidium(1+);phosphate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KBAHJOGZLVQNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000366596 Osiris Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000833 X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940060799 clarus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002094 inorganic tetrachloropalladate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BSYLOTSXNQZYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogold;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Au](Cl)Cl BSYLOTSXNQZYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002480 Cu-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical group [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010018961 N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SXFNQFWXCGYOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cu+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O Chemical group [Cu+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O SXFNQFWXCGYOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095564 anhydrous calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003997 cyclic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001350 scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/37—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of >C—O—functional groups to >C=O groups
- C07C45/39—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of >C—O—functional groups to >C=O groups being a secondary hydroxyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/86—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/13—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
- B01J27/18—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr with metals other than Al or Zr
- B01J27/1802—Salts or mixtures of anhydrides with compounds of other metals than V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, e.g. phosphates, thiophosphates
- B01J27/1817—Salts or mixtures of anhydrides with compounds of other metals than V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, e.g. phosphates, thiophosphates with copper, silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1856—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with platinum group metals
-
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年10月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第62,235,684号の優先権を35U.S.C.§119(e)の下で主張し、その開示の全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、触媒、特にシクロヘキサノールをシクロヘキサノンに転換するのに有用な貴金属ナノ粒子を含む触媒に関する。
より特定の態様において、微孔質銅クロロピロリン酸塩骨格は、一般式:
[A9Cu6(P2O7)4Cl]・[MX4]Cly
を有し、式中、AはK、Rb、CsおよびNH4から選択され、MはCu、Au、PtおよびPdから選択され、XはClおよびBrから選択され、MがPt、PdまたはCuである場合にyは2であり、MがAuである場合にyは3である。
代表的な一態様において、触媒を製造する方法を提供する。この方法は、フッ化銅(II)、オルトリン酸、水酸化ルビジウム、塩化ルビジウム、および金属塩化物の供給源を混合すること、その混合物を密閉容器内で加熱して前駆物質錯体を含む触媒前駆体を生成すること、およびその触媒前駆体を少なくとも150℃の温度で加熱して前駆物質錯体を貴金属ナノ粒子部位に転換することによって触媒を活性化することを含む。より特定の態様において、触媒前駆体を少なくとも175℃または少なくとも200℃の温度で加熱して触媒を活性化する。
代表的な一態様において、触媒は、柔軟なアニオン交換特性を有する微孔質銅クロロピロリン酸塩(CuClP)骨格に基づく。図1は、銅クロロピロリン酸塩の微孔質骨格構造を有する代表的な触媒102を示す。銅クロロピロリン酸塩(CuClP)は、一般式:
[A9Cu6(P2O7)4Cl]・[MX4]Cly
を有する微孔質骨格材料の系統であり、式中、AはK、Rb、CsおよびNH4から選択され、MはCu、Au、PtおよびPdから選択され、XはClおよびBrから選択され、MがPt、PdまたはCuである場合にyは2であり、MがAuである場合にyは3である。
代表的な一態様において、触媒は、複数の貴金属ナノ粒子部位を含む。代表的な貴金属には、白金、パラジウム、および金が挙げられる。代表的な一態様において、貴金属は、金属状態、すなわちゼロの酸化状態を有する。
選択率は、すべての反応生成物に対して生成される所望のシクロヘキサノン生成物の量の尺度である。より高い選択率がより望ましい。低い選択率は、所望しない生成物を形成するのに使用される反応物質の比率がより高いことを示す。選択率は、
収率は、選択率と転換率を組み合わせた測定値である。収率は、どの程度の量の投入反応物が反応して所望のシクロヘキサノンを形成するかを示している。収率は、
収率(mol%)=選択率(mol%)×転換率(mol%)/100%
により計算する。
一態様において、シクロヘキサノールの転換率は50%以上である。より特定の態様において、転換率は約50%〜約100%である。例えば、転換率は、低くとも約50%、60%、70%、75%、または高くとも約80%、85%、90%、95%、97.5%、99%、99.5%、ほぼ100%、または100%であってもよく、あるいは前述の数値のうちの任意の対の間に規定される任意の範囲内であってもよい。
合成:合成のための化学物質は、Sigma AldrichまたはFisher Scientificから購入し、100℃で真空乾燥させたRbClを除いて、さらに精製することなく使用した。
活性化手順:ガスはBOC Industrial Gasesから供給され、購入して使用した。約150mL/分の5%H2/N2流下での還元により、材料を特定の温度で2時間活性化し、活性ナノ粒子触媒を生成した。還元後に、Au材料は250℃未満の温度で活性化すると色に変化はないが、250℃超の温度で活性化すると暗赤色に見え、Pd材料は黒色に、Pt触媒はより暗いカーキー緑色に見えた。
X線光電子分光法(XPS)およびX線吸収分光法(XAS)
異なる活性化温度に対して、微孔質骨格の表面に隣接する貴金属種の特質を探るために、X線光電子分光法(XPS)を用いた。XPS分析は、ニューカッスル大学のEPSRC XPS User’s Service (NEXUS)で単色光化したAlKα源を備えたThermo Scientific K-Alpha装置を用いて実施した。電荷補償のためにフラッド銃が使用された。すべての探査スペクトルには、200eVのパスエネルギーと1.0eVのステップサイズを使用し、目的元素の高分解能スペクトルには、40eVのパスエネルギーと0.1eVのステップサイズを使用した。すべてのXPSスペクトルを炭素および/または酸素の1sピークに対して較正し、高分解能スペクトルは、シャーリー法にバックグラウンドを適合させて、その後CasaXPS softwareを用いてピーク解析した。
XPSおよびXAS方法の両者とも、温度の上昇に伴って、金属Pt(0)種に向かって[PtCl4]2−前駆体が連続的に還元されることを示す。図4Bは、図4Aの参照試料とともにプロットされている。図6Bにおいて、関連する散乱経路が、虚数成分に対し含まれ、適合が表1に示されている。
X線回折パターンを、Bruker D2 Phaser回折計で取得した。図9は、比較として活性化前の合成したままの試料とともに、異なる温度で活性化したPt/CuClP材料の指数付けしたPXRDスペクトルを提供し、種々の活性化温度での材料の構造的な完全性および金属Pt(111)反射に相当する40°での広いシグナルの両方を示している。またピークが広いという特質は、粒子サイズが小さい(ナノ粒子)ことを示している。
収差補正したTEM観察を、プローブ形成レンズにCEOS CESCOR収差補正器を備えたFEI Titan3 80-300(S)TEMで実施した。Titanは、環状暗視野(ADF)収差補正走査TEM(AC−STEM)を主要な観察技術として用いて、80kVまたは300kVで動作させた。STEM分析のために、穴あきカーボン支持フィルムを有する標準的な銅TEM支持格子上に乾燥粉末を散布することによって、試料を調製した。各分析の間は、試料を無水硫酸カルシウム乾燥剤を備える真空デシケーター中に保存した。電子ビーム電流、滞留時間および画素サイズ(倍率)の様々な組み合わせの下で、80kVおよび300kVのいずれにおいてもすべての試料がビーム起因により非常に損傷し易いことが判明した。したがって、ビームによる試料の変形の発生が支配的になる前に、代表的な画像を取得するようにかなりの注意を払った。
図13は、200℃で活性化したPt/CuClP材料のADF AC−STEM画像を示す。図13Aは、骨格の至るところでのナノ粒子の形成(この領域のナノ粒子サイズ:直径約2〜3nm)を示す。図13Bおよび図13Cは、ナノ粒子の高解像度画像を示し、ここで測定されたd間隔はナノ結晶のPtに一致する。骨格の結晶完全性はまた、重金属原子を含有する骨格格子面により可視化されている。
EDXSを、FEI Super-X EDXSシステムを備えた80kVで作動するFEI Tecnai Osiris 80-200(S)TEMで実施した。スペクトル処理は、FEI TIAおよびHyperSpyソフトウェアパッケージ(http://hyperspy.org)を使用して実施した。
比較例
触媒試験用の化学物質は、Sigma AldrichまたはFisher Scientificから購入し、さらに精製することなく使用した。触媒反応は、ペレット化触媒(約0.1〜1g)を用いた固定床型流動反応器中で実施した。反応器組立体を設置し、200℃の空気流中で1時間パージして、その後基質供給原料で系を飽和させた。基質流量および空気流量をそれらの実験レベルに調節し、平衡するように1時間放置した。特に明記しない限り、25mL/分の空気流、7.5μL/分のシクロヘキサノール流、または15μL/分のKA油流を使用して、200℃ですべての反応を実施した。KA油溶液は、シクロヘキサノール:シクロヘキサノンの比率が50重量%:50重量%で構成される。
金、白金またはパラジウムの四塩化物の前駆体でドープした銅クロロピロリン酸塩骨格を175℃で48時間水熱合成した。材料を合成後に、窒素中5%水素の150mL/分のフローの下、特定の温度(150℃〜250℃)で2時間、還元下で活性化した。KA油の有酸素性酸化は、特注品の固定床型反応器(Cambridge Reactor Design、UK)を用いて大気圧下の連続フロー条件で試験した。
KA油酸化の実施例に関して前述したパラメーターを使用した。ただし閉ループ系を模倣するために、新規の基質供給溶液を、適切な外部流の測定モル比に対して調製した。初期のパージの後に、基質流量(15μL/分)および空気流量(25mL/分)を設定し、系を1時間平衡状態にした。その後試料を(上述の)GCにより分析し、シクロヘキサノール対シクロヘキサノンのモル比を決定した。この時点で、新規の基質供給溶液をその前の試料の所定のモル比に対して作製した。このプロセスを、表7に示すサイクル数で繰り返した。
7重量%のPt/CuClP触媒を上記と同様に調製し、5%水素を含む窒素中で200℃で2時間還元した。1:1の質量比のシクロヘキサノール:シクロヘキサノンを原料流として供給した。反応中のシクロヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノンおよび各試料の質量収支の百分率をプロットし、明確化のために、転換率、シクロヘキサノンの選択率および正規化選択率もプロットした。選択率は、1種類の生成物すなわちシクロヘキサノンのみとして、>99%であると報告され、GCによって検出された。このことから、正規化選択率は、以下の式を用いて、反応での質量収支を考慮に入れて決定した。
図21に示すように、まず温度の影響を検討した。0.24gの触媒試料を、15μL/分の流量のシクロヘキサノールとシクロヘキサノンとの1:1混合物および25mL/分の流量の空気に曝した。反応温度は180℃〜220℃で変化させた。検討した温度範囲にわたって、転換率、選択率、および正規化選択率はかなり一定であり、最高の転換率は、200℃で達成されることが分かる。
WHSV(/時)=シクロヘキサノール流量(g/時)/触媒重量(g)
により計算した。
合成、活性化、および特性解析
全ての化学物質は、Sigma AldrichまたはFisher Scientificから購入し、さらに精製することなく使用した。ガスは、BOC Industrial Gasesから供給されたものをそのまま使用した。
二元金属構成のAuPt/CuClP材料は、200℃、250℃、300℃および350℃の温度、かつ水素下で2時間還元した。図28に示すように、還元後にAuPt材料は、温度につれて次第に暗く見えた。350℃で還元した試料の色は、実際には金ナノ粒子が形成していることを示唆する赤色の兆候を有する黒緑色である。いかなる特定の理論にも支持されることを望まないが、金ナノ粒子は、有意な量が350℃以上の温度でのみ生成されると考えられる。
触媒反応は、ガラスビーズの2つの層の間に約0.24gのペレット化した触媒層が充填されたガラスフリットを有する固定床型流動反応器(直径4mm)内で実施した。この系を25mL/分の空気流で200℃に1時間予熱した。1.8/時のWHSVを達成するために、基質流量を15μL/分に設定し、系を1時間平衡化した。
Claims (10)
- 複数の貴金属ナノ粒子を含む微孔質銅クロロリン酸塩骨格を含む触媒および酸素の存在下で、アルコールを反応させてケトンを生成することを含む、
アルコールをケトンに転換する方法。 - 該アルコールはシクロヘキサノールであり、かつ該ケトンはシクロヘキサノンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- シクロヘキサノン及びシクロヘキサノールの混合物を供給することをさらに含み、該供給されるシクロヘキサノールが該反応工程で反応する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 該混合物は、該シクロヘキサノールおよび該シクロヘキサノンの総重量に基づいて、40重量%〜60重量%のシクロヘキサノールを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 該貴金属ナノ粒子は、白金、パラジウム、および金からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該貴金属ナノ粒子は、白金、パラジウム、および金からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の貴金属ナノ粒子を含む微孔質銅クロロリン酸塩骨格を含む触媒。
- 活性化の際に遊離した貴金属ナノ粒子部位を生成し、[PtCl4]2−、[PdCl4]2−、および[AuCl4]−からなる群から選択される前駆物質錯体を含む、請求項7に記載の触媒。
- 複数の一元金属構成の白金ナノ粒子を含む微孔質銅クロロリン酸塩骨格を含む、請求項7に記載の触媒。
- 触媒を製造する方法であって、
フッ化銅(II)、オルトリン酸、水酸化ルビジウム、塩化ルビジウム、及び、K2PtCl4、K2PdCl4およびHAuCl4からなる群から選択される金属塩化物の少なくとも1種の供給源を混合すること、
該混合物を密閉容器内で加熱して、前駆物質錯体を含む触媒前駆体を生成すること、及び
触媒前駆体を少なくとも175℃の温度で加熱して、前駆物質錯体を貴金属ナノ粒子部位に転換することによって、触媒を活性化すること、
を含む方法。
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