JP2018528077A - 有機重合性処理剤を塗布および硬化する高圧プロセス - Google Patents
有機重合性処理剤を塗布および硬化する高圧プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018528077A JP2018528077A JP2018525533A JP2018525533A JP2018528077A JP 2018528077 A JP2018528077 A JP 2018528077A JP 2018525533 A JP2018525533 A JP 2018525533A JP 2018525533 A JP2018525533 A JP 2018525533A JP 2018528077 A JP2018528077 A JP 2018528077A
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Abstract
Description
1)22℃で液体である硬化性コーティング組成物、または液相に分散した1種もしくは複数の固体の懸濁液である硬化性コーティング組成物を、非重合性の条件下で、基材の少なくともひとつの表面に塗布するステップであり、硬化性コーティング組成物が、i)フリーラジカルの存在下で重合し、1分子当たりフリーラジカル重合性基を1個だけ有し、1気圧で少なくとも100℃の沸騰温度を有する少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーと、2)熱活性化重合の少なくとも1種の開始剤とを含有し、硬化性組成物が、1気圧で100℃未満の沸騰温度を有する有機化合物をコーティング組成物の全重量を基準として、10重量%以下と、水を5重量%以下とを含有するステップと;
2)非重合性の条件下で、塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する基材を収容する容器の内部から酸素分子をパージするステップと、
3)ステップ2)中におよび/またはステップ2)の後に、塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する基材を収容しているパージ済みの容器を酸素欠乏ガスで少なくとも実圧120kPaのガス圧まで加圧し、その後、塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する基材を1モル%以上の酸素を含む雰囲気に曝さないステップと、
4)塗布された硬化性コーティング組成物を有する基材を酸素欠乏の条件下で、熱活性化重合の開始剤を活性化し少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーの重合を開始するのに十分な温度まで加熱することにより、硬化性コーティング組成物を少なくとも部分的に硬化し、基材に少なくとも部分的に硬化した有機ポリマーコーティングを形成するステップと
を備える。
被覆基材を保持するための反応容器の内部空間を画定する外壁;
被覆基材を挿脱するための少なくとも1つの封止可能な開口部;
封止可能な開口部を封止する手段;
内部空間にガスを導入および内部空間からガスを除去する少なくとも1つのガスポート;
内部空間内に配置される少なくとも1つのスピンドルであって、前記スピンドルが、縦穴と、縦穴から反応容器の内部空間中への流路をつくりだす複数の開口部とを有し、縦穴がまた、少なくとも1つのガスポートと流体連結した状態であるスピンドル;
前記の少なくとも1つのガスポートの少なくとも1つにガスを移送するための手段であって、スピンドルを通り、スピンドルの開口部を通り、内部空間を通り、内部空間に配置された被覆基材と接触し、前記の少なくとも1つのガスポートの少なくとも1つから出て行く手段、
反応容器の内部空間を加圧する手段、および
反応容器の内部空間を加熱するための加熱手段を含む。
A.内部空間を画定する外部の加圧室であって、外部の加圧室が、実圧で0.5〜15MPaの内圧に耐えることができる外部の加圧室;
B.基材の層がビン内に水平に配置され、そのようなビンが加圧室の内部空間に適合して収まるように、積層基材をビン内に保つために内部容積を画定するビン;
C.ビンの内部容積の底に位置決めされたガスプレナムであって、そのガスプレナムが、動作中にビンの内部容積にガスが入るのを可能にする複数の開口部を有するガスプレナム;
D.ビンの内部容積からガスを除去するために、ビンの上部または上部近くに位置決めされた少なくとも1つの開口部;および
E.ビンの内部容積を加熱するための加熱手段
F.ガスプレナムに対してのガスの流れおよびガスプレナムを通るガスの流れを定めるためのガス循環手段であって、ビンが、外部の加圧室の内部空間であり、ビンの上部にまたは上部近くに位置決めされた前記少なくとも1つの開口部を通ってビン内外の積層した布帛を経るガス循環手段;および
G.外部の加圧室の内部空間内に超大気圧を定めるための手段。
ガス循環手段Gとしては、ガス供給源からガスプレナムにガスを供給するコンジット、およびガスプレナムの開口部を経て、ビン内の基材の層を通って、ビンの上部またはその近くの開口部から、移動するガスの動力を提供する圧力差を定める手段が挙げられる。圧力差を定める手段としては、例えば、ガスの加圧供給源;ファンもしくはブロアーまたはポンプ;真空ポンプ等が含まれてよい。
本実施例において、耐衝撃性の衣料に使用される目の粗いパラアミド布帛を基材として使用する。アラミド繊維内の水の存在は、繊維を弱めると考えられている。
63%のナイロン、25%のポリエステルおよび12%のライクラから成る密に織ったスポーツ衣料用の布帛の2つのスワッチを硬化性コーティング組成物でディップコートし、実施例1で記載したように、加圧したローラー間で絞り出す。1番目のスワッチ(実施例2)を高圧容器内で1.4MPa、125℃で40分間、硬化する。そのスワッチは、硬化したコーティング量14.140g/yd2を有する。もう一方のスワッチ(比較試料B)を2回被覆した後、同温度で、窒素雰囲気下、大気圧、未封止の原子炉内で硬化する。比較試料Bは、硬化したコーティング量23.360g/yd2を有する。比較試料Bのコーティング量が非常に高いにもかかわらず、比較試料Bは、AATCC22噴霧試験に基づく噴霧による等級「70」しか実現しなく、実施例2で使用した、それより低いコーティング量の試料は、噴霧による等級「100」を実現する。
実施例1で用いたのと同じ混合物を用いて、積層のポリエステル/ポリ−ウレタン薄膜布帛の外層として使用する密に織った100%のポリエステル布帛を被覆する。同じ方法および同じ用量で、2つの試料を被覆する。実施例1に関して記載した手法、126℃の硬化温度で、ひとつの試料(実施例3)を硬化する。同じ手法であるが大気圧で、もう一つの試料(比較試料C)を硬化する。実施例1は、ブンデスマン撥水性試験による完全な「5」等級を実現し、水分量が2.53%だけ増加する。比較試料Cは、実施例1より低い「4」等級を実現し、水分が6.32%増加する。ブンデスマン試験において、これらの密に織った試料のどちらも検出可能な水の浸透はない。
実施例1に記載したのと同一な適用量の硬化性コーティング組成物で、屋外用家具の椅子張りに一般的に使用される密に織ったアクリル布帛の重複試料を被覆する。同様に、アクリル幌布地の重複試を同じ組成物で被覆する。硬化したコーティング量を下の表に示す。硬化後の試料の重量を被覆していない試料の重量と比較することにより、硬化したコーティング量を求める。
実施例1で記載したパラ−アミド布帛の3つの試料を前清浄し、有機汚染物質を除去する。実施例1で記載したコーティング組成物とトリメトキシ(1H,1H,2H,2H−ヘプタデカフルオロデシル)シランの重量比1:1の混合物で、1番目の試料を被覆する。実施例1のコーティング組成物とパーフルオロヘキシルエチルアクリラートとの重量比1:1の混合物で、2番目の試料を被覆する。
36%のオクタデシルアクリラート、11%の1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリラート、9%のアクリル酸ラウリル、5%のジペンタエリトリトールペンタアクリラート/ヘキサアクリラート、4%の過酸化ラウロイルおよび35%のデカメチルシクロペンタシロキサンから成り、5cStのポリジメチルシロキサンで1:2に希釈した炭化水素モノマーの混合物で、コンピュータ回路周辺機器を塗装する。次に、塗装した基材を容器に入れ、容器を通して窒素を流し、その容器を酸素パージし、酸素欠乏の窒素環境下、1.4MPa、126℃の温度でコーティングを硬化する。圧力容器から取り出した際にコーティングが固まったのがわかる。そしてコーティングを電子部品の間および下に押し付け、金属接触路(metal contact vias)にさえにも押し付け、機器を効果的に封止する。コーティングは、撥水性であり、機器上に置いた数滴の水の追加に耐える。湿気に弱いマーカーボタンは、存在する水分を除去するのに使用するが、マーカーボタンの上のコーティングに水滴を直接置いた場合でさえも、水滴はそのままの状態で残っている。
ウィッキング剤を含有していない100%のポリエステルのフリース製品の4つのスワッチを、親水性の仕上げを生み出すモノマーコーティングを用いて、処理する。5番目のスワッチは、対照として未処理のまま残す。
従来塗布されるウィッキング仕上げ剤(つまり、シャツ生地に付けた水滴を直ちに布帛中に運ぶ)を有する完全に仕上がった100%ポリエステルのスポーツシャツをマネキンに着せて、実施例1の硬化性モノマーコーティング36mLをシャツに、大容量低圧力の塗料吹付け器を用いて吹付け塗りすることにより、シャツを疎水性処理する。シャツの全ての面の外面だけに、縫製された縫い目、襟および半そでを含めて噴霧する。2.5リットルの蒸留水を含有する、18Lの水蒸気オートクレーブ内に噴霧済みのシャツをだらりと入れる。乾燥窒素流を用いて、オートクレーブを最初に酸素パージした後、電機浸漬ヒーターを用いて、水蒸気の発生を開始する。オートクレーブは、圧力が150kPaゲージを超える際に、水蒸気が逃げることができる圧力解放値(relief value)を有する。この圧力での水蒸気の平衡温度は、126℃である。水蒸気が、その体積中に残存するいかなる窒素(もしくは空気)も置き換えるので、製品を硬化中に、いかなる窒素も存在しない。
雨水防護用の上着に設計した密に織った100%ポリエステルの3つのスワッチを処理するために調製し、ブンデスマン撥水試験機で試験する。1番目の試料は、未処理であり、対照(比較試料H)としての役目をする。実施例1で記載した組成物を5cStのPDMSで体積比1:2に希釈して作ったコーティング組成物を用いて、残りの試料を被覆する。液体製剤中に試料を浸漬した後に2つの金属ローラー間で過剰な液体を絞り出すことにより、コーティングを行う。被覆試料のひとつ(実施例11)を圧力容器内に入れて、容器内を窒素でパージした後、続いて窒素で1.48MPaまで加圧し、次に125℃まで加熱し、コーティングを硬化する。もう一つの被覆試料(比較試料I)を大気圧窒素下、125℃で硬化する。3つの試料全てをブンデスマン試験機において10分間評価し、結果を表2に示す。目視等級は、目視により1〜5(5が最良)の等級を与える。水分の加算量%は、試験中に試料が得た水分量である。水浸透は、試料を介して通過する水分量であり、最小検出可能量は、1mL未満である。
薄膜布帛には、ポリウレタンまたはPTFE等の薄い水蒸気透過性膜が含まれる。薄膜は、非常に薄く、微視的なレベルでは僅かに多孔質であるので、透湿性である。薄膜は、非常に薄いので、他の2枚の布帛の層間に薄膜を挟さんで、薄膜を保護する必要がある。通常、皮膚または他の衣類による摩擦から薄膜を保護する柔らかい布帛の底部と、薄膜を外部からの磨耗から保護する役目を果たしかつ衣料品の外観のための表布帛とが存在する。上面の表布帛は、撥水性の仕上げ剤で処理する必要があり、その結果、雨水が衣料品から急速にはじかれて、「濡れ出し」を回避する。表布帛にそのような水が染み込んだ状態が生じるならば、それは濡れた布帛により遮られる散乱であるので、体からの水蒸気が、薄膜を介して逃げることができない。それゆえに、猛烈なにわか雨の際においてさえも、表布帛ができる限り撥水性であることが望ましい。
135℃、1.7MPaゲージ圧力で硬化を実施することを除いて、実施例1に記載した一般的な手順に従って、表面潤滑剤を有するアラミド布帛の重複試料を被覆する。
Claims (32)
- 有機ポリマーコーティングを基材に塗布および硬化する方法であって:
1)22℃、大気圧で液体であるまたは液相に分散した1種もしくは複数の固体の懸濁液である硬化性コーティング組成物を非重合性の条件下で、前記基材の少なくともひとつの表面に塗布するステップであり、前記硬化性コーティング組成物が、i)フリーラジカルの存在下で重合し、1分子当たりフリーラジカル重合性基を1個だけ有し、1気圧で少なくとも100℃の沸騰温度を有する少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーと、2)熱活性化重合の少なくとも1種の開始剤とを含有し、硬化性組成物が1気圧で100℃未満の沸騰温度を有する有機化合物を前記コーティング組成物の全重量を基準として10重量%以下と、水を5重量%以下含有するステップと;
2)非重合性の条件下で、前記の塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する前記基材を収容する容器の内部から酸素分子をパージするステップと、
3)ステップ2)中におよび/またはステップ2)の後に、前記塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する前記基材を収容している前記パージ済みの容器を酸素欠乏ガスで少なくとも実圧120kPaのガス圧まで加圧した後、塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する前記基材を1モル%以上の酸素を含む雰囲気に曝さないステップと
4)前記塗布された硬化性コーティング組成物を有する前記基材を酸素欠乏の条件下で熱活性化重合の開始剤を活性化し、少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーの重合を開始するのに十分な温度まで加熱することにより、前記硬化性コーティング組成物を少なくとも部分的に硬化し、前記基材に少なくとも部分的に硬化した有機ポリマーコーティングを形成するステップと
を備える方法。 - 有機ポリマーコーティングを、1つもしくは複数の細孔、亀裂または他の開口部を有する基材に塗布および硬化する方法であって:
1)非重合性の条件下で、22℃で液体である硬化性コーティング組成物、または液相に分散した1種もしくは複数の固体の懸濁液である硬化性コーティング組成物を前記基材の少なくともひとつの表面に塗布するステップであり、前記硬化性コーティング組成物が、i)フリーラジカルの存在下で重合し、1分子当たりフリーラジカル重合性基を1個だけ有し、フリーラジカル重合性基に直接または間接的に結合する少なくとも6個の炭素原子を有する少なくとも1個のヒドロカルビル基を有し、1気圧で少なくとも100℃の沸騰温度を有する少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーと、2)熱活性化重合の少なくとも1種の開始剤とを含有し、硬化性組成物が1気圧で100℃未満の沸騰温度を有する有機化合物を前記コーティング組成物の全重量を基準として10重量%以下と、水を5重量%以下含有するステップと;
2)非重合性の条件下で、前記の塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する前記基材を収容する容器の内部から酸素分子をパージするステップと、
3)ステップ2)中におよび/またはステップ2)の後に、塗布された液体の硬化性コーティングを、前記基材中の少なくとも1つの細孔、亀裂または他の開口部に、酸素欠乏ガスに印加した超大気圧力下で、前記塗布された硬化性コーティングを有する前記基材を1モル%以上の酸素を含有する雰囲気に曝すことなく、推し進めるステップと、
4)硬化ステップであって、前記塗布された硬化性コーティング組成物を有する前記基材を酸素欠乏の条件下で前記熱活性化重合の開始剤を活性化して前記少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーの重合を開始するのに十分な温度まで加熱することにより、前記硬化性コーティング組成物少なくとも部分的に硬化して、有機ポリマーコーティングを形成するステップと
を備える方法。 - ステップ4)において、前記酸素欠乏の条件が、少なくとも実圧で120kPaの圧力を有する酸素欠乏雰囲気を含む請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- ステップ4)において、前記酸素欠乏の条件が、前記塗布されたコーティング組成物を有する前記基材を液体または超臨界流体に浸漬することを含む請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記重合開始剤が、100℃で少なくとも5分半減期を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- モノマーの変換が少なくとも85モル%になるまで、ステップ4)が、実施される請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ2)が、前記基材と接触する酸素欠乏ガスを流すステップを含む請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ2)が、前記基材中の1つもしくは複数の細孔、亀裂または他の開口部を経て酸素欠乏ガスを流すステップを含む請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ2)が、少なくとも1回の加圧/脱圧サイクルを実施するステップを含み、各サイクルにおいて、前記被覆基材を収容する前記容器の内部が、少なくとも実圧で120kPaの超大気圧まで、酸素欠乏ガスで加圧されて、その後脱圧される請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基材が、交差繊維の間に間隙空間を有する繊維織物または不織布である請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記織物または不織布が、編成、織成、交絡、結節、マットおよび/または交絡繊維を含み、コーティングの前の前記織物が、ASTM D737に従って測定した、少なくとも0.2フィート/分/平方フート(0.001016m/s)の通気性を有する請求項10に記載の方法。
- ステップ3)において、前記硬化性成分が、前記ガスの圧力下、織物中に浸透する請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- ステップ3)において、前記硬化性コーティング組成物が、前記ガスの圧力下、1つもしくは複数の前記間隙空間中に流れる請求項10〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基材が、縦穴を有するスピンドル上に搭載され、前記スピンドルの長さに沿って1つもしくは複数の開口部を有するロール製品であり、ステップ2)において、前記酸素欠乏ガスが、前記搭載基材を経て、前記スピンドルの長さに沿う少なくとも1つの開口部を通って、そして前記縦穴を通って流れる請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ2)が、前記被覆基材を圧縮して、前記基材中の空隙空間から酸素分子を除去するステップを含む請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基材が、電子機器である請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ3)において、前記電子機器が、前記電子機器の構成部品の間に1つもしくは複数の開口部を有し、ステップ3)において、前記硬化性組成物が、前記ガスの圧力下、1つもしくは複数のそのような開口部に流れ、硬化の際に、そのような1つもしくは複数の開口部を封止して、前記開口部が水の浸透を妨げる請求項16に記載の方法。
- 硬化性コーティング組成物が、少なくとも2個のフリーラジカル硬化性重合基を有する沸騰温度100℃以上の架橋性モノマーを少なくとも1種さらに含む請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記重合性モノマーの少なくとも1種が、ステップ4)における重合温度で6.7kPa以下の1気圧での蒸気圧を有する請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性コーティング組成物が、前記重合ステップ4)の前記温度で6.7〜53kPa(約50〜400トル)の1気圧での蒸気圧を有する少なくとも10重量%の1種もしくは複数の化合物を含有する請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性組成物が、少なくとも1種のポリシロキサンオイルを含有する請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性コーティング組成物が、1種もしくは複数のトリメトキシ(1H,1H,2H,2H−ヘプタデカフルオロデシル)シラン、パーフルオロヘキシルエチルアクリラート、パーフルオロヘキシルエチレンおよびパーフルオロオクチルエチレンを含有する請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素欠乏雰囲気が、室温および1気圧で気体である微量ガスの残渣を有する、少なくとも98モル%の窒素および最大0.1モル%までの酸素分子を含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素欠乏雰囲気が、室温および1気圧で気体である微量ガスの残渣を有する、少なくとも98モル%の水蒸気および最大0.1モル%までの酸素分子を含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素欠乏雰囲気が、1気圧で40℃以下の沸騰温度を有し、かつ1個もしくは複数の重合性の炭素−炭素2重結合を有する少なくともガス相、重合性モノマーを含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- ステップ4)において、前記ガス相、重合性モノマーが、前記硬化性コーティング組成物中の少なくとも1種のモノマーとホモポリマー化または共重合する請求項25に記載の方法。
- ステップa)の前に、前記基材に酸化前処理ステップを施すことをさらに含む請求項1〜26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化前処理ステップが、前記基材を超大気圧で酸素含有雰囲気下、100〜220℃、好ましくは150〜190℃まで加熱することを含む請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化前処理ステップが、前記基材を酸素含有雰囲気プラズマに曝すことをさらに含む請求項28に記載の方法。
- 基材をコーティングする方法であって、
A)前記基材を超大気圧で酸素含有雰囲気下、100〜220℃、好ましくは150〜190℃まで加熱することを含む酸化前処理ステップを前記基材に施すこと;
B)硬化性コーティング組成物を前記基材の少なくともひとつの表面に塗布すること、および
C)前記硬化性コーティング組成物を硬化して前記基材の少なくともひとつの表面に硬化済みのコーティングを形成すること
を含む方法。 - 硬化性コーティング組成物で被覆した基材を硬化するための反応容器であって、
前記被覆基材を保持するための前記反応容器の内部空間を画定する外壁;
前記被覆基材を挿脱するための少なくとも1つの封止可能な開口部;
前記封止可能な開口部を封止する手段;
前記内部空間にガスを導入および内部空間からガスを除去する少なくとも1つのガスポート;
前記内部空間内に配置される少なくとも1つのスピンドルであって、前記スピンドルが、縦穴と、前記縦穴から前記反応容器の前記内部空間中への流路をつくりだす複数の開口部とを有し、前記縦穴がまた、前記少なくとも1つのガスポートと流体連結した状態であるスピンドル;
前記の少なくとも1つのガスポートの少なくとも1つにガスを移送するための手段であって、前記スピンドルを通り、前記スピンドルの前記開口部を通り、前記内部空間を通り、前記内部空間に配置された被覆基材と接触し、前記の少なくとも1つのガスポートの少なくとも1つから出て行く手段、
前記反応容器の前記内部空間を加圧する手段、および
前記反応容器の前記内部空間を加熱するための加熱手段
を含む反応容器。 - 硬化性コーティング組成物で被覆した基材を硬化するための反応装置であって、
A.内部空間を画定する外部の加圧室であって、前記外部の加圧室が、実圧で0.5〜15MPaの内圧に耐えることができる外部の加圧室;
B.ビン(bin)であって、前記基材の層が前記ビン内に水平に配置され、そのようなビンが前記加圧室の前記内部空間に適合して収まるように、積層基材を前記ビン内に保つために内部容積を画定するビン;
C.前記ビンの前記内部容積の底に位置決めされたガスプレナムであって、前記ガスプレナムが、動作中に前記内部容積のビン内にガスが入るのを可能にする複数の開口部を有するガスプレナム;
D.前記ビンの前記内部容積からガスを除去するために、前記ビンの上部または上部近くに位置決めされた少なくとも1つの開口部;および
E.前記ビンの前記内部容積を加熱するための加熱手段;
F.前記ガスプレナムに対してのガスの流れおよび前記ガスプレナムを通るガスの流れを定めるためのガス循環手段であって、前記ビンが、前記外部の加圧室の前記内部空間であり、前記ビンの上部にまたは上部近くに位置決めされた前記少なくとも1つの開口部を通って前記ビン内外に積層した布帛を経るガス循環手段;および
G.前記外部の加圧室の前記内部空間内に超大気圧を定めるための手段
を含む反応装置。
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