JP2018521755A - 腫瘍への活性薬剤のより良い送達方法 - Google Patents
腫瘍への活性薬剤のより良い送達方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は米国特許仮出願第62/196,570号および第62/196,578号(両方とも2015年7月24日出願)の優先権を主張し、その内容全体を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
真皮および表皮を含む皮膚の全体構造が図1に示されている。真皮は無数の組織タイプから成り、一般的に約500μm〜約4,000μmの範囲の全厚を示す。リンパおよび毛細血管はしばしば図示するように一緒に見られるか、別々の実体として存在することができる。図示したように、血液および毛細リンパ管はしばしば、真皮乳頭層の一部内の真皮の上部内(例えば、表皮真皮または表皮基底膜の近く)に位置する。大きめの管は下部真皮網状層(例えば、示した血管)内に一般的に見られる。皮膚機能に重要なその他の組織タイプには、大きめの動脈、細動脈、汗腺管、皮脂腺、神経小体、結合組織および細胞外基質、平滑筋、ならびに毛包が含まれる。真皮網状層の下には皮下組織層があり、これは主に脂肪組織から成り、一般的にどのリンパ管または血管構造もない。
ニードルアレイをパッチ上に製作し、成体モルモットの皮膚内の薬剤送達深さの平均範囲を予測するために使用した。図5に示すように、メチレンブルー染料を約92μmの平均深さに投与し、約5μm〜約200μmの深さ分布の範囲を示した(深さのガウス分布)。図6に示すように、皮膚の構造および深さは光干渉断層撮影技術を使用して予測しうる。ニードルアレイを適用した後の皮膚の構造は、皮膚の個別水平切片を調べることにより視覚化することができる。
ナノトポグラフィー表面を持つニードルアレイをパッチ上に製作し、Caco−2上皮細胞のインビトロ単層上で試験した。図7Aに示すように、ZO−1密着結合タンパク質は正常な染色パターンを示す。しかし、ナノトポグラフィー表面を持つニードルアレイをCaco−2細胞の近接部内に配置すると、破壊された染色パターンを見ることができる。このひだ状のパターンは、ナノトポグラフィーが位置した領域の接合部再構築を示す(図7B)。ナノトポグラフィーを持つニードルアレイを取り除くと染色パターンは正常に戻り、ZO−1などの密着結合タンパク質への空間的および時間的効果を示している(図7C)。
皮膚への投与でトラスツズマブ(抗癌剤)を腫瘍に送達する能力をマウス異種移植片腫瘍モデルで試験した。HER−2陽性JIMT−1ヒト乳癌細胞株を使用して、マウスに異種移植片腫瘍を生成した。ナノトポグラフィー表面を持つニードルアレイをパッチ上に製作し、腫瘍を呈するマウスの背面に適用した。次にこれらのマウスに、異なる量のトラスツズマブを異なる投与速度で皮膚に投与し、腫瘍のトラスツズマブ濃度を評価した。図8に示すように、トラスツズマブ0.22mgの速度100μ1/時間での投与は、約10倍の投薬量の静脈内投与トラスツズマブ(2mg i.v.)と比べて、JIMT−1腫瘍中に高いトラスツズマブ濃度をもたらした。
ナノトポグラフィー表面を持つニードルアレイを使用して、インビトロで増殖した腫瘍内の薬剤直接送達の効率を試験した。腫瘍組織をインビトロで増殖し、薬剤を腫瘍培地に添加するか、またはニードルアレイで投与するかのいずれかによって抗癌剤を投与した。薬物の分布は凍結切片およびその後の組織視覚化で評価した(図10Aおよび10B)。癌細胞増殖への効果は、薬物送達後に標準増殖アッセイ染色技術を使用して測定した。図10Aに示すように、培地への薬剤の追加は腫瘍全体の薬剤吸収にはほとんどつながらず、大部分が(括弧で示すように)細胞内の表層に保持された。対照的に、図10Bで示すように、ニードルアレイを使用した薬剤の腫瘍への投与は、腫瘍組織切片全体での高いレベルの分布を示し、(黒い矢印で示すように)表層にはほとんど保持されなかった。組織培地に追加しただけの薬物(図10C)は、ニードルアレイを使用した直接投与(図10D、増殖細胞の例が矢印で示されている)と比べて抗増殖効果が低かった。
皮膚への投与によってタンパク質治療薬エタネルセプトをリンパ系に直接送達する能力を試験した。既述のように近赤外光を使用してインビボで可視化するために、エタネルセプトを蛍光標識した。Sevick−Muraca et al., J. Clin Invest., 124(3), 905−914(2014)を参照のこと(これはその教示について、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)。ラットの背部にニードルアレイを備える送達装置を配置することにより、エタネルセプトをラットの皮膚に投与した。図11および図12に示すように、エタネルセプトの皮膚への投与は、リンパ管構造による取り込みならびにその後の一次および二次リンパ節組織への分布をもたらした。
図14に示すように、皮膚への投与後のエタネルセプトの血清吸収速度はi.v.、s.c.、またはi.d.方法とほぼ同じである。
Claims (45)
- 一つまたは複数の薬剤を被験者の一つまたは複数の感受性腫瘍に送達する方法であって、前記方法が、
(a)2〜50,000個の送達構造を持つ一つまたは複数の送達装置を、血管構造またはリンパ管構造を含む皮膚の一つまたは複数の部位に適用する工程であって、前記一つまたは複数の送達装置が、表皮の一つまたは複数の層と、少なくとも前記一つまたは複数の薬剤に対する前記表皮の一つまたは複数のバリア細胞の透過性の可逆的な増加を誘発する化学的、物理的または電気的透過性促進剤を含む一つまたは複数の可逆的透過性促進剤とを接触させる工程と、
(b)前記送達構造のそれぞれあたり約0.01μl/時間〜約100μl/時間の制御投与流量、および前記被験者の前記皮膚と接触している前記一つまたは複数の送達統治の合計表面積に基づいて約0.02μl/時間/cm2〜約50,000μl/時間/cm2の合計複合制御投与流量で、一つまたは複数の薬剤の2〜50,000部分用量の合計液体投薬量を投与する工程とを含み、
前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の各部分用量が、前記被験者の前記表皮の最表面層を約1μm〜約500μm超えているが、まだ前記被験者の前記表皮内である範囲の複数の独立深さに独立して投与され、前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の前記表皮内のすべてのその後の拡散または移動前に、前記表皮内の送達深さのガウス分布を示し、
前記投与工程の後、前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、前記表皮を通り前記表皮の基底層を通って、下にある生育可能な真皮の少なくとも一部分の中へとより深く移動または拡散して、一つまたは複数の感受性毛細血管叢または毛細リンパ管叢によって前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の一部分の取り込みを達成し、
投与後、前記一つまたは複数のバリア細胞の前記透過性が、前記表皮と前記一つまたは複数の透過性促進剤との前記接触前の状態に戻る、方法。 - 前記表皮が生育不能な表皮および生育可能な表皮の両方を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の合計液体投薬量が、一つまたは複数の生育可能な表皮層のみから成り、生育不能な表皮層は含まない前記表皮内の複数の深さに投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生育可能な表皮内の前記複数の深さが、最も深い生育不能な表皮層を約1μm〜約250μm超えるが、それでもまだ生育可能な表皮内にある深さである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記独立した複数の深さの平均が、前記表皮の最表面層を約70μm〜約175μm超えた表皮内の複合平均部分用量送達深さを示す、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の独立した深さが、前記表皮内投与の複合平均深さを持ち、独立して投与される部分用量それぞれが、前記表皮内の深さがより深い深さ、より浅い深さ、または同じ深さである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、前記送達装置が、液体担体媒体中の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤と流体連通している2〜50,000個の送達構造を含む配列を含み、
前記送達装置が前記投与流量を制御する手段を備え、
前記送達構造が、前記表皮の少なくとも最表層を貫通するための手段を備え、
液体担体媒体中の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、前記送達構造によって被験者の前記生育可能な表皮内の前記複数の深さに送達され、それによって前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の2〜50,000部分用量を投与する、方法。 - 前記送達構造が標準的または非標準的幾何学形状を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記送達構造がニードルを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、前記表皮内の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤のその後の拡散または移動前の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤を取り囲む表皮の約0.7mm3〜約2,500mm3の組織容積に送達される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が約0.1時間〜約96時間の間、被験者に連続的に投与される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の透過性促進剤が、一つまたは複数の化学的、物理的、または電気的透過性促進剤である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記物理的透過性促進剤がナノ構造またはナノトポグラフィー表面を備える、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノトポグラフィー表面が請求項7〜9による前記送達構造の前記表面上に製作される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の薬剤の投与が、投与部位の下にある真皮の約1mmHg〜約15mmHgの皮膚間質液圧を達成する、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、前記表皮への送達後、一つまたは複数の感受性毛細リンパ管叢または一つまたは複数の毛細血管叢を備える一つまたは複数の組織によって吸収される、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、一つまたは複数の毛細血管叢を通って、一つまたは複数の感受性腫瘍中にまたはその近接部内に循環する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が、一つまたは複数の毛細リンパ管叢を通って、一つまたは複数の感受性腫瘍中にまたはその近接部内に循環する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の感受性腫瘍内の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の前記濃度が、同一の一つまたは複数の薬剤の静脈内、皮内、または皮下送達よりも約1.25倍〜約50倍高い、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の血清吸収速度が、同一の一つまたは複数の薬剤の皮内送達および皮下送達と同等である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の薬剤が生物活性薬剤を含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生物活性薬剤が、その治療を必要とする患者の疾患を治療する、その進行を遅らせる、発症を遅延する、その予防、その寛解、または症状を減少するために有用である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の腫瘍に一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤を投与することにより、一つまたは複数の腫瘍を含む疾患を持つ被験者を治療する方法であって、
(a)2〜50,000個の送達構造を持つ一つまたは複数の送達装置を、血管構造およびリンパ管構造を含む皮膚の一つまたは複数の部位に適用する工程であって、前記送達装置が、表皮の一つまたは複数の層と、少なくとも前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤に対する前記表皮の一つまたは複数のバリア細胞の透過性の可逆的な増加を誘発する一つまたは複数の可逆的透過性促進剤とを接触させる工程と、
(b)前記送達装置を通して制御された投与流量で、前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の2〜50,000部分用量の合計液体投与量を投与する工程とを含み、
前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の各部分用量が、前記表皮内の前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤のその後の拡散または移動前に、前記表皮内の複数の独立深さに独立して投与され、
前記投与工程の後、前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が、前記表皮を通り前記表皮の基底層を通って、下にある生育可能な真皮の少なくとも一部分の中へとより深く移動または拡散して、一つまたは複数の感受性毛細血管叢または毛細リンパ管叢によって前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の一部分の取り込みを達成し、
投与および取り込み後に、前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が前記血管構造またはリンパ管構造を通って一つまたは複数の腫瘍に循環し、
前記同一の一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の静脈内、皮内、または皮下送達と比べて、前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤のより大きな濃度が前記一つまたは複数の腫瘍に送達される、方法。 - 前記表皮が生育不能な表皮および生育可能な表皮の両方を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記表皮内の複数の深さに投与された前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の合計液体投薬量が、生育不能な表皮の少なくとも一部分および/または生育可能な表皮の少なくとも一部分内の深さへの投与を含む、請求項23〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表皮内の前記複数の深さが、前記被験者の前記表皮の最表面層を約1μm〜約500μm超えた深さである、請求項23〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の合計液体投薬量が、一つまたは複数の生育可能な表皮層のみから成り、生育不能な表皮層は含まない前記表皮内の複数の深さに投与される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記生育可能な表皮内の前記複数の深さが、前記最も深い生生育不能な表皮層を約1μm〜約250μm超えるが、それでもまだ生育可能な表皮内にある深さである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記独立した複数の深さの平均が、前記表皮の最表面層を約70μm〜約175μm超えた表皮内の複合平均部分用量送達深さを示す、請求項23〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の独立した深さが、前記表皮内投与の複合平均深さを持ち、独立して投与される部分用量それぞれが、前記表皮内の深さがより深い深さ、より浅い深さ、または同じ深さである、請求項23〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生育可能および/または生育不能な表皮内の独立した部分用量投与深さのそれぞれの頻度が、深さのガウス分布を示す、請求項23〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項23〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、前記送達装置が、液体担体媒体中の前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤と流体連通している2〜50,000個の送達構造を含む配列を含み、
前記送達装置が前記投与流量を制御する手段を備え、
前記送達構造が、前記表皮の少なくとも最表層を貫通するための手段を備え、
液体担体媒体中の前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が、前記送達構造によって被験者の前記生育可能な表皮内の前記複数の深さに送達され、それによって前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の2〜50,000部分用量を投与する、方法。 - 前記送達構造が標準的または非標準的幾何学形状を含む、請求項32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記送達構造がニードルを含む、請求項32〜33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が、送達構造あたり約0.01μl/時間〜約100μl/時間の制御投与流量で投与される、請求項32〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表皮内の前記複数の深さへの前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の前記全体的な制御投与流量が、被験者の皮膚と接触している送達装置の合計表面積に基づいて、約0.02μl/時間/cm2〜約50,000μl/時間/cm2である、請求項23〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が、前記表皮内の前記一つまたは複数の生理薬剤のその後の拡散または移動前の前記一つまたは複数の生理薬剤を取り囲む表皮の約0.7mm3〜約2,500mm3の組織容積に送達される、請求項23〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤が約0.1時間〜約96時間の間、被験者に連続的に投与される、請求項23〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の透過性促進剤が、一つまたは複数の化学的、物理的、または電気的透過性促進剤である、請求項23〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記物理的透過性促進剤がナノ構造またはナノトポグラフィー表面を備える、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノトポグラフィー表面が請求項32〜34のいずれか一項による前記送達構造の前記表面上に製作される、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の投与が、投与部位の下にある真皮の約1mmHg〜約15mmHgの皮膚間質液圧を達成する、請求項23〜41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 一つまたは複数の感受性腫瘍内の前記一つまたは複数の薬剤の前記濃度が、同一の一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の静脈内、皮内、または皮下送達よりも約1.25倍〜約50倍高い、請求項23〜42のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の血清吸収速度が、同一の一つまたは複数の生物活性薬剤の皮内送達および皮下送達と同等である、請求項23〜43のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生物活性薬剤が、一つまたは複数の腫瘍を含む前記疾患を治療する、その進行を遅らせる、発症を遅延する、その予防、その改善、または症状を減少するために有用である、請求項23〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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