JP2018512717A - 導電性加熱素子 - Google Patents
導電性加熱素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018512717A JP2018512717A JP2017559289A JP2017559289A JP2018512717A JP 2018512717 A JP2018512717 A JP 2018512717A JP 2017559289 A JP2017559289 A JP 2017559289A JP 2017559289 A JP2017559289 A JP 2017559289A JP 2018512717 A JP2018512717 A JP 2018512717A
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- resistance heating
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Abstract
Description
CNTシートは、湿式不織布を作製する工程および乾式工程を含む多数の工程によって作製することができる。湿式不織布は、改良された製紙工程によって作製することができる。湿式不織布の工程の一例として、CNTを水中に分散させ、該CNT分散液を静止したスクリーンまたは連続走行しているスクリーン上に通過させ、該CNT分散液の溶液を濾過スクリーンで濾過し、得られたCNTウェブを乾燥させてCNTシートを形成することが挙げられる。湿式工程の説明は、に出願された国際出願PCT/US15/42911号(出願日:2015年7月30日)(代理人整理番号GNA-006 PCT)に記載されている(その開示は全体が参照により本明細書に含まれる)。CNT分散液、典型的にはCNTの水の分散液をヘッドボックスに通し、ヘッドボックスから連続ウェブ敷設機に連続的に供給する。溶液(例えば、水)は、絡み合った複数のCNTを通り、ワイヤスクリーンを通って排出される。次いで、得られた湿ったウェブを、対流乾燥器、接触乾燥器および赤外線乾燥器を使用して不織布に乾燥させることができる。カーボンナノチューブ12(CNT)を有する得られたシート10を図6に示す。
高抵抗シート材料を製造する工程の一例として、低導電性補助剤(充填剤)を低坪量のCNT粉末とブレンドして、許容可能な均一性および高抵抗率を有する複合低坪量シートを提供することが挙げられる。機械的特性および取り扱い(加工性)は、例えば炭素繊維製ベール、またはポリエステルまたはPEEK製ベールのような低重量の担体層またはスクリムを使用することによって改善され、この担体層またはスクリムでは、CNTおよびブレンドされた補助成分を真空成形することができる。係属中の米国仮出願第62-030,860号(出願日:2014年7月30日)は、CNT不織シートを含む、カーボンナノチューブ網を長い連続構造または材料へ連続製造することを記載している。この工程の均一性により、高いシート均一性を有する約0.01オーム以上約150オーム以下で調整可能なシート抵抗を有する不織CNTシートがもたらされる。
不織CNTシート構造内の電気伝導率は、CNTシートの形成の前または後に、CNTの化学的処理によって増強または抑制することができる。化学的処理の例として、導電性を向上させる酸処理が挙げられる。バルクCNT粉末を強酸(硝酸)で処理すると、末端キャップの切断、およびCNT側壁へのカルボキシル基の導入を引き起こす可能性がある。強酸処理はまた、ナノチューブ側壁のプロトン化および酸化を引き起こすことがあり、CNT間の強固な水素結合をもたらすことにより、高密度のCNT充填をもたらす。CNT末端キャップの切断は、カーボンナノチューブの端部から隣接するカーボンナノチューブへの電子移動度(トンネル現象)を改善することによって、導電性を改善する。低pH溶液中でのCNTの分散は、CNTの側壁表面をプラスに帯電させることによって分散を改善し、これにより、同様に帯電したCNTが互いに反発する。CNT側壁へのカルボキシル基の添加はまた、CNTの親水性を増加させて水中での分散を高める。例えば、硝酸処理されたCNTは、未処理のバルクCNT粉末から形成された不織布の約5Ω/□と比較して、シート抵抗が約2Ω/□の10gsmの不織布をもたらす。
不織CNTシートの機械的特性は、CNTシートの内部または上部への結合剤材料の添加によって改善することができる。結合剤材料の例として、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)またはポリアミドまたはポリイミドが挙げられ、これらは、より化学的および熱的に安定なCNT/ポリマーハイブリッドシートを提供する。適切な薄膜CNT/ポリマーシートは、バッチ処理または連続ロール処理のいずれかで形成することができる。バッチ流涎法を使用した例として、CNT粉末およびPVAを超音波処理を使用して水中に分散させ、インク様の濃度が達成されるまで混合し、次いで、分散液をシート型に注入し、100℃の真空オーブン中で乾燥させ、薄膜CNT/ポリマーシートを形成することが挙げられる。得られた薄膜CNT/ポリマーシートの均一性は、約20%COVであると測定されたが、適切なコーティング装置では10%未満の均一性を達成することができる。
CNTシートおよびその複合構造は、航空機または宇宙船あるいは他の車両の構成要素として使用される抵抗加熱素子の少なくとも一部を形成することができる。CNTシートおよびその複合構造を、その構成要素またはサブ構成要素内に、またはそれらの間に、積層、接着、機械的固定、結合、または他の取り付け手段または組み込み手段によって、それらの間に取り付けるかまたは固定することができる。
Claims (25)
- カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)を有するシートを含む抵抗加熱素子であって、前記CNTは少なくとも約5μmの長さを有し、前記シートは、坪量が少なくとも約0.5グラム/平方メートル(gsm)、及び最大約50gsmであり、坪量に反比例する、少なくとも約0.01オーム/スクエア(Ω/□)、及び最大約100Ω/□の抵抗値を有する、抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが前記シート中でランダムに配向されて絡み合っている請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが約1mm〜2mmの長さを有する請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約1,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約10,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項4に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約100,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項5に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートがランダムに配向され絡み合っているCNTの不織シートである請求項6に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記不織CNTシートが湿式不織布の工程によって作製される請求項7に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートがCNT/ポリマーフィルムを含み、かつコーティング工程によって作製され、好ましくは、ポリマー樹脂が、ポリイミド、PVDF、PEI、ポリアミド、ABS、PPS、PS、PC、PLA、PEEK、PEKK、FEP、およびPVAからなる群から選択され、溶媒を任意に用いて粘度を低減して分散品質および処理を改善する請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートが多孔質基材上または担体層上に形成される請求項7または8に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートは、坪量が少なくとも約4グラム/平方メートルで10オーム未満のシート抵抗を有する、請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートは、坪量が少なくとも約6グラム/平方メートルで約5オームのシート抵抗を有する、請求項11に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 請求項1に記載の抵抗加熱素子を含む、航空機または宇宙船の構成要素。
- 前記抵抗加熱素子の内部または上部に埋設され、電流を通過させるように構成された少なくとも2つの導電リードをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の構成要素。
- 前記抵抗加熱素子が2以上の前記CNTシートを有する請求項14に記載の構成要素。
- カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)を有するシートを含む抵抗加熱素子であって、前記CNTは少なくとも約1,000:1のアスペクト比を有し、前記シートは、坪量が少なくとも約0.5グラム/平方メートル(gsm)および最大約50gsmであり、坪量に反比例する、少なくとも約0.01オーム/スクエア(Ω/□)および最大約100Ω/□の抵抗値を有する、抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが前記シート中でランダムに配向されて絡み合っている請求項16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約10,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項17に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約100,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項18に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが少なくとも約1,000,000:1のアスペクト比を有する請求項18に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートが湿式不織布の工程によって製造される請求項16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTシートがスクリム上または担体層上に形成される請求項16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが、酸、巨大な反応分子、エポキシド、界面活性剤、サイジング剤、およびフッ素からなる群から選択される処理によって化学的に処理される、請求項1、9または16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記シートが、導電性または非導電性の粒子または繊維をさらに含み、好ましくは、導電性または抵抗性の粒子または繊維が、ガラス、炭素繊維、ニッケル、グラフェン、ポリイミド、および炭素ナノ繊維からなる群から選択される、請求項1、9または16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
- 前記CNTが、バインダ材料の添加、シート内のCNTの改善された配向、およびシート内のCNT層の高密度化からなる群から選択される処理によって機械的に処理され、好ましくは、前記バインダが、溶液中にCNTで分散されたポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、PVDF、ポリイミド、PEEK、またはPEIからなる群から選択される、請求項1、9または16に記載の抵抗加熱素子。
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WO2021161864A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | ポリアリーレンサルファイド樹脂組成物 |
JP2021127403A (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-09-02 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | ポリアリーレンサルファイド樹脂組成物 |
KR20220141301A (ko) * | 2020-02-14 | 2022-10-19 | 포리프라스틱 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리아릴렌설파이드 수지 조성물 |
KR102644628B1 (ko) | 2020-02-14 | 2024-03-08 | 포리프라스틱 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리아릴렌설파이드 수지 조성물 |
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WO2016126827A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
US20180014357A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
CN107409440A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
EP3257325A4 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
EP3257325A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
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