JP2018511558A - 不安神経症を治療するための中鎖脂肪酸及びそれらのトリグリセリド - Google Patents
不安神経症を治療するための中鎖脂肪酸及びそれらのトリグリセリド Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
中鎖脂肪酸(MCFA)は、6〜10個、6〜11個、又は6〜12個の炭素原子から構成された脂肪酸を指す。
第2の態様では、本発明は、不安神経症の治療及び/又は予防に使用するための、本発明の第1の態様で定義したとおりのMCFAを含む組成物を提供する。
不安神経症は、精神的な混乱(inner turmoil)を伴う不快な状態であり、多くの場合、落ち着きのない振る舞い、身体的愁訴及び反芻などの神経質な言動を伴う。不安神経症は、予想されるイベントをひどく恐れる、主観的な好ましくない感覚であり、通常であれば、主観的にのみ脅迫としてみなされる状況に対する過剰反応として一般化され、気にされない、恐怖感、心配、及び不安感として記載され得る。
A.様々なイベント又はアクティビティ(仕事又は学校での成績など)について、数日以上少なくとも6ヶ月以内にわたって過剰な不安感及び心配(不安予想)が生じる。
B.当人が心配を制御することを困難に感じていることを自覚している。
C.不安感及び心配が、次の6とおりの症状のうちの3つ(以上)を伴っている(数日〜6ヶ月以内にわたって、少なくとも幾つかの症状が存在している):
情動不安又は興奮状態若しくは緊張状態。
易疲労性。
集中力の欠如又は頭の中が真っ白になる。
易刺激性。
筋肉の緊張。
睡眠障害(入眠困難若しくは中途覚醒、又はレストレス(restless)、満足感の得られない睡眠)。
D.不安感、心配、又は身体症状が、社会領域、職業領域、又はその他の機能的に重要な領域において臨床的に有意な悩み又は障害を生き起こしている。
E.狼狽が、物質による生理作用(例えば、薬物乱用、薬物療法)又は別の医学的状態(例えば、甲状腺機能亢進症)によるものではない。
F.障害が別の精神障害(例えば、パニック障害のパニック発作が発症することについての不安又は心配、社会不安障害・社会恐怖症における否定的評価、強迫神経症における汚染又はその他の強迫観念、分離不安障害における愛着対象からの分離、外傷後ストレス障害における衝撃的な出来事のリマインダー、神経性食欲不振症における体重増加、身体症状障害における身体愁訴、身体醜形障害における外見上の欠陥の認識、病気不安症における重病の罹患、あるいは統合失調症又は妄想性障害における妄想的信念の内容)により良好に説明されるものではない。
「治療する」ことは、不安神経症に関係する少なくとも1つの症状を減弱、低減、又は改善させることを目的として、及び/又は不安神経症の進行を遅らせる、低下させる、若しくは阻止することを目的として、本明細書に記載のMCFA又は組成物を、不安神経症を示している対象に投与することを意味する。
対象は、ウシ、イヌ、ヤギ、シカ、ウマ、ネコ、ヒト、ヒツジ、ブタ及び霊長類などの哺乳動物を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。好ましくは、対象は、ヒトである。
生得的な不安感について、100匹のラットの表現型を高架式十字迷路により決定し、三群:重度不安群(HA)、正常不安群(NA)、及び軽度不安群(LA)、に分けた(図1を参照)。
血漿ケトンレベルは、オクタン酸の摂取後に、デカン酸の摂取と比較して急速に上昇した(図8Aを参照)。
動物の表現型決定及び食事介入
100匹の雄性Wistarラットを、ボール紙の筒及びティッシュを十分に入れた標準的なラットケージにそれぞれ収容し、不断給餌及び不断給水した。1週間慣れさせた後、全てのラットを計量し、高架式十字迷路試験によってベースライン不安について試験した。
明暗箱は、3つの区画を有する長矩形の形状の装置から構成される。1つのチャンバーは床が固く明るい。別のチャンバーは床が滑りやすく暗い。これらの2つのチャンバーは、より小さく、薄暗い、中央のチャンバーにより分離されている。実験動物を中央のチャンバーに収容し、慣れさせた。慣れさせた後、実験動物には5分間にわたり他の2つのチャンバーを自由に探索させた。実験動物が明暗チャンバーにおいて滞在する時間の長さと、チャンバーに入った回数とを記録した。この試験では、実験動物における不安神経症の特質の程度を評価することの見込みを提供する。「不安」な動物は、明箱に滞在する時間が短く、明箱に入る回数が少ない。
実験動物を3つの箱から構成される装置に入れ、物体を調査するか、収容されている幼若個体を調査するか10分間選択させる。幼若個体は、実験動物の攻撃性を誘発させないよう25〜32日齢とした。ストレスレベル及び不安レベルの低減を試験する1日前に、幼若個体を装置及び箱に慣れさせた。実験中、対象は中央の箱に入れ、他の2つの箱には侵入させずに5分間環境に慣れさせた。次にドアを取り除き、動物には10分間自由に2つの箱を行き来させた。幼若個体を調査するのに費やした時間と、物体を調査するのに費やした時間を記録し、処理について知らない観察者によってスコアを付け、パーセンテージに変換した。実験動物は、この時の社会的選好が50%を超過するように選定された。次に実験動物を飼育ケージに30分間戻す。試験間インターバル後、実験動物を装置に戻す。このとき、物体の代わりに新奇幼若個体をチャンバーに配置する。動物を中央の箱に入れ、新奇幼若個体を調査するか(物体の代わり)、前回の試験からの幼若個体を調査するかの選択肢を与える。強い社会性記憶を備えている実験動物は、試験時間の5分間超にわたるより長時間を新奇幼若個体の調査に費やした。
処理の開始から7日間後、マウス尾部静脈より採血し、屠殺中に胴体の血液を回収した。血液を遠心分離し、比色キット(Cayman,US)を使用してβ−ヒドロキシ酪酸について血漿サンプルを分析した。脳ケトン測定の際、サンプル調製は、50μL脳組織懸濁液(pH2)の液体/液体抽出と、MSTFA(シリル化)による抽出物の誘導体化を含んだ。BHBの分析はGC/MSにより行った。内部標準13C2−3−OH−But,m/z 233(3−OH−But),m/z 118(13C2−3−OH−But),2〜24μg/mL(水)により校正;LOQ:2μg/mL,LOD:0.7μg/mL。
組織を、10%スクロースとプロテアーゼ阻害剤とを含む200mLトリス緩衝液(pH7.4)に懸濁し、超音波処理し、使用までの間−80℃で維持した。BCAアッセイによりタンパク質量を評価し、希釈した後、ゲルで分離した。タンパク質をニトロセルロース膜に転写し、次に飽和させ(5% BSA)、一次抗体(ウサギPSD−95)及び二次抗体とともにインキュベートした。
線条体組織からタンパク質抽出物を調製した。IRS−1及びリン酸化IRS−1(pS312)に対する抗体を含むキット(Life Technologies)を使用して、サンドイッチELISAにより全タンパク質量及びリン酸化タンパク質を検出(probe)し比較した。
対照ラットには上記のとおり、ヒマワリ油を強制経口投与した。MCT8及びMCT10にはそれぞれオクタン酸又はデカン酸を強制経口投与した。ラットを屠殺し、上記のとおり、胴体の血液、門脈血、及び脳、膵臓、及び肝臓を回収した。
Claims (17)
- 不安神経症の治療及び/又は予防における使用のための中鎖脂肪酸(MCFA)。
- 前記MCFAがデカン酸又はオクタン酸である、請求項1に記載の使用のためのMCFA。
- 前記MCFAが中鎖トリグリセリド(MCT)の形態である、請求項1又は2に記載の使用のためのMCFA。
- 前記MCTの前記脂肪酸部分のそれぞれが同数の炭素を含む、請求項3に記載の使用のためのMCFA。
- 不安神経症の治療及び/又は予防に使用するための請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に定義されるとおりのMCFAを含む組成物。
- 前記組成物がデカン酸及びオクタン酸を含む、請求項5に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が約3:2重量/重量のデカン酸対オクタン酸比を有する、請求項6に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が食品製品の形態である、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物がヒト用の食品製品の形態である、請求項8に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が完全栄養製品の形態である、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が粉末形態である、請求項5〜10のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が噴霧乾燥形態である、請求項5〜10のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が水中油型エマルジョンの形態である、請求項5〜10のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が、飲料、マヨネーズ、マーガリン、低脂肪スプレッド、乳製品、チーズ・スプレッド、プロセスチーズ、乳製品デザート、フレーバーミルク、クリーム、発酵乳製品、チーズ、バター、コンデンスミルク製品、アイスクリームミックス、大豆製品、低温殺菌液状卵、ベーカリー製品、菓子製品、菓子バー、チョコレートバー、高脂肪、液状エマルジョン、噴霧乾燥粉末、凍結乾燥粉末、HUTプリン(HUT pudding)、低温殺菌プリン、ゲル、ジェリー、ヨーグルト、又は脂肪ベースのフィリング若しくは含水フィリングを有する食品の形態である、請求項5〜13のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記不安神経症が、人見知り、社会不安症、全般性不安障害、全般性不安、恐怖症、パニック障害、強迫神経症、又は外傷後ストレス障害である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのMCFA又は組成物。
- 前記不安神経症の治療及び/又は予防のための組成物の製造における、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に定義されるとおりのMCFAの使用。
- 対象における不安神経症を治療及び/又は予防するための方法であって、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に定義されるとおりのMCFA、又は請求項5〜14のいずれか一項に定義されるとおりの組成物の有効量を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
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