JP2018500409A - 二重壁反応器での重質油の改質のための処理 - Google Patents
二重壁反応器での重質油の改質のための処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018500409A JP2018500409A JP2017528096A JP2017528096A JP2018500409A JP 2018500409 A JP2018500409 A JP 2018500409A JP 2017528096 A JP2017528096 A JP 2017528096A JP 2017528096 A JP2017528096 A JP 2017528096A JP 2018500409 A JP2018500409 A JP 2018500409A
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 二重壁反応器を用いて炭化水素改質反応中のコークス形成を低減するための処理であって、
熱伝達流を生成するために前記二重壁反応器の外殻側容積部に加熱供給水を供給するステップであって、前記二重壁反応器が、
外壁および内壁であって、これらの間に配置された前記外殻側容積部を画成している外壁および内壁、
前記内壁によって画された反応域容積部、
加熱要素であって、該加熱要素が、前記外壁に隣接しており、前記加熱要素が、高温戻り水を生成するために、前記熱伝達流が水の臨界温度を超えるように前記熱伝達流を加熱するよう構成されており、熱が、前記内壁を介して前記熱伝達流から前記反応域容積部に伝達され、前記高温戻り水が、前記外殻側容積部から出る加熱要素を備え、
その場合、前記熱伝達流が、水の臨界温度よりも高い温度にあり、水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力にあるステップと、
前記二重壁反応器の前記外殻側容積部から出た前記高温戻り水をフィルタを介して供給するステップであって、前記フィルタが、濾過水流を形成するために微粒子を除去するように構成されているステップと、
混合流を生成するために混合器で前記濾過水流と加熱炭化水素原料とを混合するステップであって、前記加熱炭化水素供給原料が、水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力および50℃よりも高い温度にあるステップと、
反応流の流れを形成するために、前記熱伝達流に対して向流の流れ構成にある、前記二重壁反応器の前記反応域容積部に前記混合流を供給するステップと、
反応器流出物を生成するために前記反応域容積部で前記反応流の流れを反応温度で反応させるステップであって、前記熱伝達流から前記反応域容積部に伝達される前記熱が、前記反応温度を水の臨界温度よりも高く維持するように機能可能であるステップと、
冷却流出物を生成するために反応器冷却器で前記反応器流出物を冷却するステップと、
減圧流出物を生成するために減圧器で前記冷却流出物を減圧するステップと、
気相生成物および液相生成物を生成するために相分離器で前記減圧流出物を分離するステップと、
分離水流および改質炭化水素流を生成するために生成物分離器で前記液相生成物を分離するステップと
を含む処理。 - 前記二重壁反応器の上流で供給水と組み合わせるために前記分離水流を再利用するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の処理。 - 前記二重壁反応器が、
外殻側入口であって、前記加熱供給水を受け入れるように構成された外殻側入口と、
外殻側出口であって、前記高温戻り水として前記熱伝達流を排出するように構成された外殻側出口と、
反応入口であって、前記混合流を受け入れるように構成された反応入口と、
反応出口であって、前記反応器流出物として前記反応流の流れを排出するように構成された反応出口と
をさらに備え、
前記外殻側入口、前記外殻側出口、前記反応入口、および前記反応出口が、前記熱伝達流と前記反応流の流れとが向流する流れ構成を形成するように構成されている、請求項1または2に記載の処理。 - 前記二重壁反応器が、
前記外壁から前記外殻側容積部へ延在するバッフルであって、前記加熱要素および前記外壁から前記熱伝達流への熱伝達を向上させるように構成されたバッフル
をさらに備える、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の処理。 - 混合器予熱器に前記高温戻り水を供給するステップであって、前記混合器予熱器が、高温混合器供給物を生成するために前記高温戻り水の温度を上昇させるように構成されているステップ、および
前記濾過水流を形成するために前記フィルタに前記高温混合器供給物を供給するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の処理。 - 前記加熱供給水を水過熱器に供給するステップであって、前記水過熱器が、高温水供給物を生成するために前記加熱供給水の温度を上昇させるように構成されているステップ、および
前記二重壁反応器の前記外殻側容積部に前記高温水供給物を供給するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の処理。 - 前記反応器流出物を超臨界水反応器に供給するステップであって、前記超臨界水反応器が、前記反応器流出物中に存在する炭化水素を改質するように構成されており、前記超臨界水反応器の温度が、水の臨界温度よりも高く、前記超臨界水反応器の圧力が、水の臨界圧力よりも高いステップと、
生成物流を生成するために前記反応器流出物を反応させるステップと、
前記生成物流を前記反応器冷却器に供給するステップと
をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の処理。 - 液体収率が、98体積%よりも大きい、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の処理。
- 前記改質炭化水素流のアスファルテン、硫黄、および他の不純物の量が低減される、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の処理。
- 前記二重壁反応器における前記反応流の流れの滞留時間が、10秒よりも長い、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の処理。
- コークス形成を低減して炭化水素を改質する超臨界水プラントであって、
炭化水素原料ポンプであって、加圧炭化水素原料を生成するために炭化水素原料を水の臨界圧力を超える圧力に加圧するように構成された炭化水素原料ポンプと、
前記炭化水素原料ポンプに流体接続された炭化水素原料加熱器であって、加熱炭化水素原料を生成するために前記加圧炭化水素原料を50℃よりも高い温度に加熱するように構成された炭化水素原料加熱器と、
供給水ポンプであって、加圧供給水を生成するために供給水を水の臨界圧力を超える圧力に加圧するように構成された供給水ポンプと、
前記供給水ポンプに流体接続された供給水加熱器であって、加熱供給水を生成するために前記加圧供給水を水の臨界温度を超える温度に加熱するように構成された供給水ポンプと、
改質反応によって前記炭化水素を改質するように構成された二重壁反応器であって、該二重壁反応器が、前記改質反応中のコークス形成を抑えるようにさらに構成されており、前記二重壁反応器が、
供給水加熱器に流体接続された外殻側入口であって、外殻側容積部で熱伝達流を形成するために前記加熱供給水を受け入れるように構成された外殻側入口、
外壁および内壁であって、これらの間に配置された、前記熱伝達流を受け入れるように構成された前記外殻側容積部を画成している外壁および内壁、
前記内壁によって画された反応域容積部、
前記外殻側容積部に流体接続された外殻側出口であって、高温戻り水を形成するために前記熱伝達流を排出するように構成された外殻側出口、
加熱要素であって、該加熱要素が、前記外壁に隣接しており、前記加熱要素が、前記熱伝達流が水の臨界温度を超えるように前記熱伝達流を加熱するよう構成されており、熱が、前記内壁を介して前記熱伝達流から前記反応域容積部に伝達される加熱要素
を備える二重壁反応器と、
前記外殻側出口に流体接続されたフィルタであって、濾過水流を形成するために前記高温戻り水から微粒子を除去するように構成されたフィルタと、
前記フィルタに流体接続された混合器であって、該混合器が、混合流を生成するために前記濾過水流と前記加熱炭化水素原料とを混合するように構成されており、前記混合流が、反応流の流れを形成するために、前記熱伝達流に対して向流の流れ構成にある、前記二重壁反応器の前記反応域容積部に供給され、前記反応域容積部が、反応器流出物を生成するために前記反応流の流れ中の前記炭化水素を改質するように機能可能である混合器と、
前記二重壁反応器に流体接続された反応器冷却器であって、冷却流出物を生成するために前記反応器流出物を水の臨界温度を下回る温度に冷却するように構成された反応器冷却器と、
前記反応器冷却器に流体接続された減圧器であって、減圧流出物を生成するために前記冷却流出物の圧力を水の臨界圧力を下回る圧力に減圧するように構成された減圧器と、
前記減圧器に流体接続された相分離器であって、前記減圧流出物を気相生成物と液相生成物とに分離するように構成された相分離器と、
前記相分離器に流体接続された生成物分離器であって、前記液相生成物を改質炭化水素流と分離水流とに分離するように構成された生成物分離器と
を備える超臨界水プラント。 - 前記分離水流が、前記供給水ポンプの上流で前記供給水と組み合わされる、請求項11に記載の超臨界水プラント。
- 前記二重壁反応器が、
反応入口であって、前記混合流を受け入れるように構成された反応入口、および
反応出口であって、前記反応器流出物として前記反応流の流れを排出するように構成された反応出口
をさらに備え、
前記外殻側入口、前記外殻側出口、前記反応入口、および前記反応出口が、前記熱伝達流と前記反応流の流れとが向流する流れ構成を形成するように構成されている、請求項11または12に記載の超臨界水プラント。 - 前記二重壁反応器が、
前記外壁から前記外殻側容積部へ延在するバッフルであって、前記加熱要素および前記外壁から前記熱伝達流への熱伝達を向上させるように構成されたバッフル
をさらに備える、請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。 - 前記二重壁反応器に流体接続された混合器予熱器であって、該混合器予熱器が、高温混合器供給物を生成するために前記高温戻り水の温度を上昇させるように構成されており、前記高温混合器供給物が、前記濾過水流を形成するために前記フィルタに供給される混合器予熱器
をさらに備える、請求項11〜14のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。 - 前記供給水加熱器に流体接続された水過熱器であって、該水過熱器が、高温水供給物を生成するために前記加熱供給水の温度を上昇させるように構成されており、前記高温水供給物が、前記二重壁反応器の前記外殻側容積部に供給される水過熱器
をさらに備える、請求項11〜15のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。 - 前記二重壁反応器に流体接続された超臨界水反応器であって、該超臨界水反応器が、生成物流を生成するために前記反応器流出物中に存在する未反応の炭化水素を改質するように構成されており、前記超臨界水反応器の温度が、水の臨界温度よりも高く、前記超臨界水反応器の圧力が、水の臨界圧力よりも高く、前記生成物流が、前記反応器冷却器に供給される超臨界水反応器
をさらに備える、請求項11〜16のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。 - 液体収率が、98体積%よりも大きい、請求項11〜17のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。
- 前記改質炭化水素流のアスファルテン、硫黄、および他の不純物の量が低減される、請求項11〜18のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。
- 前記二重壁反応器における前記反応流の流れの滞留時間が、10秒よりも長い、請求項11〜19のいずれかに記載の超臨界水プラント。
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