JP2018188469A - 網膜疾患を処置するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に記載の主題は、一般に、幹細胞生物学および再生医療の分野に関する。特に、本明細書に開示の主題により、網膜前駆細胞を投与することによって、網膜疾患もしくは網膜の状態を処置する、軽減する、もしくは防止する、明所(昼間)視を改善する、視力を改善もしくは矯正する(improving or correcting visual acurity)、黄斑機能を改善する、視野を改善する、または暗所(夜間)視を改善するための組成物および方法が提供される。本明細書に記載の主題により、網膜前駆細胞を含む細胞集団およびこれを単離する方法も提供される。代替の実施形態では、本発明は、網膜疾患または網膜の状態、例えば、アッシャー病、網膜色素変性症(RP)、網膜変性疾患(degenerative retinal disease)、加齢黄斑変性症(AMD)、滲出型AMDもしくは萎縮型AMD、地図状萎縮、網膜光受容体疾患、糖尿病性網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、ブドウ膜炎、網膜剥離、網膜損傷、黄斑円孔、黄斑部毛細血管拡張症、外傷性もしくは医原性網膜損傷、神経節細胞もしくは視神経細胞疾患、緑内障または視神経症、虚血性網膜疾患、例えば、未熟児網膜症、網膜血管閉塞、もしくは虚血性視神経症を処置する、軽減する、または防止する、あるいは明所(昼間)視を改善する、あるいは矯正視力を改善する(improving correcting visual acurity)、あるいは黄斑機能を改善する、あるいは視野を改善する、あるいは暗所(夜間)視を改善するための組成物および方法を提供する。代替の実施形態では、本発明は、胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物、ならびにこれらを作製および使用するための方法および組成物(例えば、キット、製剤など)を提供する。
網膜変性症は、視覚の永久喪失をもたらし、世界中で数百万の個人に影響する眼疾患の異質の群である。これらの状態の基礎をなす分子機構は様々であるが、これらは、共通のエンドポイント、すなわち、光受容細胞の不可逆的な死を共有する。失った光受容体および視覚機能を回復するのに有効な処置は、現在利用可能でなく、大部分の治療的な介入は、せいぜい疾患の進行を遅延させることだけである。
代替の実施形態では、本発明は、網膜疾患または網膜の状態、例えば、アッシャー病、網膜色素変性症(RP)、網膜変性疾患、加齢黄斑変性症(AMD)、滲出型AMDもしくは萎縮型AMD、地図状萎縮、網膜光受容体疾患、糖尿病性網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、ブドウ膜炎、網膜剥離、網膜損傷、黄斑円孔、黄斑部毛細血管拡張症、外傷性もしくは医原性網膜損傷、神経節細胞もしくは視神経細胞疾患、緑内障または視神経症、虚血性網膜疾患、例えば、未熟児網膜症、網膜血管閉塞、もしくは虚血性視神経症を処置する、軽減する、または防止する、あるいは明所(昼間)視を改善する、あるいは矯正視力を改善する、あるいは黄斑機能を改善する、あるいは視野を改善する、あるいは暗所(夜間)視を改善するための組成物および方法を提供する。代替の実施形態では、本発明は、胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物、ならびにこれらを作製および使用するための方法および組成物(例えば、キット、製剤など)を提供する。
(a)(i)ヒトについて、在胎約17〜18週齢、または在胎約16〜19週齢、または在胎15〜20週齢、または在胎14〜26週齢、または在胎約14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、もしくは26週齢、あるいは非ヒト動物、必要に応じてネコ、イヌ、もしくはブタの細胞について約3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、もしくは11週、またはネコについて6〜7週、またはブタ細胞について6〜9週において、または
(ii)哺乳動物網膜が明らかに形成される後であるが、光受容体外側セグメントが完全に形成され、網膜の血管新生が実質的に完了し、または完了する前の段階において、または類似の哺乳動物の胎児期(fetal staging)において、
哺乳動物胎児からの複数の哺乳動物胎児神経網膜細胞を含む細胞の試料を回収するステップであって、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの細胞を含む、ステップと、
(b)回収した細胞の試料を酵素的に解離して、細胞の解離懸濁物ならびに/または小サイズおよび中サイズ細胞群(cell cluster)を作製するステップであって、
必要に応じて回収した細胞および/または小細胞群の試料は、トリプシンもしくは均等物、またはTRYP−LE EXPRESS(商標)(TrypLE(商標)Express、Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad CA)もしくは均等物を使用して酵素的に解離される、ステップと、
(c)無血清培地または血清を含む培地を含み、抗生物質および抗真菌薬を含み、または抗生物質も抗真菌薬も含まない滅菌環境下で、約1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、もしくは10、またはそれ以上を超えない継代にわたって細胞および/または小細胞群を培養するステップと
を含み、
必要に応じて細胞および/または小細胞群は、ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地を含む培地:Nutrient Mixture F−12(商標)(DMEM/F12(商標))培地、またはADVANCED DMEM/F12(商標)培地(Gibco−Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad CA))、またはULTRACULTURE(商標)培地(BioWhittaker−Lonza Walkersville,Inc.、Walkersville、MD)で、N2補充物(Invitrogen)、またはB27もしくはB27 Xeno Free(Invitrogen)、L−グルタミンもしくはGlutaMax(Invitrogen)、ならびにEGFおよびbFGFからなるヒト組換え増殖因子(Invitrogen)、または他の増殖因子と必要に応じて一緒に培養され、
必要に応じてDMEM/F12(商標)培地は、ヒト細胞に使用され、ULTRACULTURE(商標)培地は、ネコまたはイヌの細胞に使用され、
低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは約2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%の酸素で必要に応じて細胞を培養し、あるいは増殖させ、
必要に応じて培地は、ビタミンCを補充され、必要に応じてビタミンCは、1日または2日毎に添加され、必要に応じてビタミンCは、約0.1mg/mlもしくは0.05mg/ml、または約0.01mg/ml〜約0.5mg/mlの間の初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて培地は、アルブミン、またはヒトもしくはネコもしくはイヌのアルブミン、または組換えアルブミンを補充され、あるいはアルブミンは、約1.0mg/mlの初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、病原体、細菌、エンドトキシン、真菌、マイコプラズマ、ウイルス、肝炎ウイルス、またはHIVウイルスの存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、正常核型の存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、テロメラーゼ活性の上昇を呈さず、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、生存能についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、腫瘍形成能についてスクリーニングされる
方法によって作製される哺乳動物胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を含む、製剤、製造産物、あるいは組成物を提供する。
(a)細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーに基づいて胎児神経網膜細胞を選択し、培養するステップの前(将来を見越して)もしくは培養するステップの後のいずれかに、または両方で細胞を必要に応じて選択するステップであって、
必要に応じて細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーは、CD15/LeX/SSEA1および/またはGD2ガングリオシド、必要に応じてCD9、CD81、CD133、またはAQP4、CXCR4を含むステップ、あるいは
(b)胎児神経網膜細胞トランスクリプトームプロファイル、プロテオームプロファイル、および/またはゲノムプロファイルに基づいて胎児神経網膜細胞を選択するステップをさらに含む。
代替の実施形態では、本発明の胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を作製するための方法は、
細胞に最適速度(または最適速度付近)で増殖させ、かつ/または胎児神経網膜細胞表現型もしくはトランスクリプトームプロファイルを発現させる条件下で細胞を培養するステップであって、
必要に応じて、胎児神経網膜細胞表現型プロファイルは、(必要に応じて中等度の)レベルのKi67、p21、および/もしくは、テロメラーゼならびに/または高レベルの、多分化能細胞であるが多能性細胞でない細胞に関連した1つもしくは複数の幹細胞マーカーの発現を含み、
あるいは必要に応じて、胎児神経網膜細胞表現型プロファイルは、ネスチン、ビメンチン、Ki−67、分化マーカー、β3−チューブリン、グリア線維性酸性タンパク質(GFAP)、および/もしくはロドプシン、またはこれらの任意の組合せの(遺伝子またはメッセージ)発現を含み、
必要に応じてDach1、Lhx2、および/またはPax6メッセージが測定される、ステップをさらに含む。
代替の実施形態では、本発明は、網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置するための方法であって、
(a)本発明の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を提供するステップと、
(b)硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内に(a)の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を注射するステップと、
を含み、
必要に応じて硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔であり、
必要に応じて標準的な眼内注射手順が使用され、
必要に応じて本方法は、前房穿刺をさらに含み、
それによって、手順の安全性を改善する、
それによって、網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置する、方法を提供する。
(a)本発明の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を提供するステップと、
(b)硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内に(a)の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を注射するステップと、
を含み、
必要に応じて硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔であり、
必要に応じて標準的な眼内注射手順が使用され、
必要に応じて本方法は、前房穿刺をさらに含み、
それによって、明所(昼間)視を改善する、方法を提供する。
(a)本発明の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を提供するステップと、
(b)硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内に(a)の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を注射するステップと、
を含み、
必要に応じて硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔であり、
必要に応じて標準的な眼内注射手順が使用され、
必要に応じて本方法は、前房穿刺をさらに含み、
それによって、視力を矯正する、または黄斑機能を改善する、または視野を改善する、または暗所(夜間)視を改善する、方法を提供する。
(a)ヒトについて、在胎約17〜18週齢、または在胎約16〜19週齢、または在胎15〜20週齢、または在胎14〜26週齢、または在胎約14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、もしくは26週齢、あるいは非ヒト動物、必要に応じてネコ、イヌ、もしくはブタの細胞について約3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、もしくは11週、またはネコについて6〜7週、またはブタ細胞について6〜9週にある、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの細胞を含む、ステップと、
(b)回収した細胞の試料を酵素的に解離して、細胞の解離懸濁物(dissociated suspension)ならびに/または小サイズおよび中サイズ細胞群を作製するステップであって、
必要に応じて回収した細胞の試料は、トリプシンもしくは均等物、またはTRYP−LE EXPRESS(商標)(TrypLE(商標)Express、Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad CA)もしくは均等物を使用して酵素的に解離される、ステップと、
(c)無血清培地または血清を含む培地を含み、抗生物質も抗真菌薬も含まない滅菌環境下で、約1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、もしくは10以上を超えない継代にわたって細胞を培養するステップと
を含み、
必要に応じて細胞は、ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地を含む培地:Nutrient Mixture F−12(商標)(DMEM/F12(商標))培地(Gibco−Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad CA)、またはULTRACULTURE(商標)培地(BioWhittaker−Lonza Walkersville,Inc.、Walkersville、MD)中で培養され、
必要に応じてDMEM/F12(商標)培地は、ヒト細胞に使用され、ULTRACULTURE(商標)培地は、ネコまたはイヌの細胞に使用され、
必要に応じて培地は、ビタミンCを補充され、必要に応じてビタミンCは、1日または2日毎に添加され、必要に応じてビタミンCは、約0.1mg/mlもしくは0.05mg/ml、または約0.01mg/ml〜約0.5mg/mlの間の初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて培地は、アルブミン、またはヒトもしくはネコもしくはイヌのアルブミン、または組換えアルブミンを補充され、あるいはアルブミンは、約1.0mg/mlの初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、病原体、細菌、エンドトキシン、真菌、マイコプラズマ、ウイルス、肝炎ウイルス、またはHIVウイルスの存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、正常核型の存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、テロメラーゼ活性の上昇を呈さず、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、生存能についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の試料は、腫瘍形成能についてスクリーニングされる
方法によって作製される胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を作製するための方法を提供する。
(a)本発明の製剤、製造産物、もしくは組成物、および/または
(b)本発明の方法によって作製された胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物
を含む、キットを提供する。
本発明の一つの実施形態において、例えば以下の項目が提供される。
(項目1)
哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞を含む細胞集団であって、該哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞は、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、細胞集団。
(項目2)
前記細胞がヒトまたは非ヒト哺乳動物に由来する、項目1に記載の細胞集団。
(項目3)
前記集団内の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、項目1に記載の細胞集団。
(項目4)
哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞の集団を単離するための方法であって、
後に網膜が形成されるが、光受容体外側セグメントが該網膜全体にわたって完全に形成される前、および網膜の血管新生が実質的に完了し、または完了する前の段階で哺乳動物胎児網膜組織を回収するステップと、
該回収した組織を解離して、細胞および細胞群の解離懸濁物を生成するステップと、
該解離懸濁物を約10〜30継代にわたって培養するステップであって、該哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞は、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、ステップとを含む、方法。
(項目5)
前記組織が、ヒトまたは非ヒト哺乳動物から回収される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記組織が、在胎約12週齢〜約28週齢のヒト胎児網膜から、または出生後もしくは新生児の網膜から回収される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記組織が、在胎約3週齢〜約11週齢の非ヒト胎児網膜から、または出生後もしくは新生児の網膜から回収される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記細胞が大気酸素レベルで培養される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記細胞が、約0.5%〜約7%の間の酸素レベルで培養される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記細胞が、ビタミンCおよびアルブミンを必要に応じて含む無血清または低血清細胞培養培地で培養される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記集団内の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目12)
網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置する必要のある被験体において網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置するための方法であって、哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞を含む有効量の組成物を該被験体に投与するステップであって、該哺乳動物網膜前駆細胞は、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、ステップと、該被験体の視覚の変化を必要に応じて測定するステップとを含み、それによって該網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置する、方法。
(項目13)
前記被験体が、ヒトまたは非ヒト哺乳動物である、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記組成物が、前記被験体の硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内への注射用に製剤化される、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記網膜疾患または網膜の状態が、網膜色素変性症(RP)、レーバー先天性黒内障(LCA)、シュタルガルト症、アッシャー症候群、コロイデレミア、桿体−錐体もしくは錐体−桿体ジストロフィー、繊毛障害、ミトコンドリア障害、進行性網膜萎縮、網膜変性疾患、加齢黄斑変性症(AMD)、滲出型AMD、萎縮型AMD、地図状萎縮、家族性もしくは後天性黄斑症、網膜光受容体疾患、網膜色素上皮を基礎とする疾患、糖尿病性網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、ブドウ膜炎、網膜剥離、外傷性網膜損傷、医原性網膜損傷、黄斑円孔、黄斑部毛細血管拡張症、神経節細胞疾患、視神経細胞疾患、緑内障、視神経症、虚血性網膜疾患、未熟児網膜症、網膜血管閉塞、家族性細動脈瘤、網膜血管疾患、眼血管疾患、血管疾患、または虚血性視神経症を含む、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記組成物中の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目17)
(a)(i)ヒトについて、在胎約17〜18週齢、または在胎約16〜19週齢、または在胎15〜20週齢、または在胎14〜26週齢、または在胎約14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、もしくは26週齢、あるいは非ヒト動物、必要に応じてネコ、イヌ、もしくはブタの細胞について約3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、もしくは11週間、またはネコについて6〜7週間、またはブタ細胞について6〜9週間において、
(ii)哺乳動物網膜が明らかに形成される後であるが、光受容体外側セグメントが完全に形成され、網膜の血管新生が実質的に完了し、または完了する前の段階において、または類似の哺乳動物の胎児期において、
哺乳動物胎児からの複数の哺乳動物胎児神経網膜細胞を含む細胞の試料を回収するステップであって、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの細胞を含む、ステップと、
(b)回収した細胞の該試料を酵素的に解離して、細胞の解離懸濁物ならびに/または小サイズおよび中サイズ細胞群を作製するステップであって、必要に応じて回収した細胞および/または小細胞群の該試料は、トリプシンもしくは均等物、またはTRYP−LE
EXPRESS(商標)(TrypLE(商標)Express、Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad
CA)もしくは均等物を使用して酵素的に解離される、ステップと、
(c)無血清培地または血清を含む培地を含み、抗生物質および抗真菌薬を含み、または抗生物質も抗真菌薬も含まない滅菌環境下で、約1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、もしくは10以上を超えない継代にわたって該細胞および/または小細胞群を培養するステップと
を含み、
必要に応じて該細胞および/または小細胞群は、ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地を含む培地:Nutrient Mixture F−12(商標)(DMEM/F12(商標))培地、またはADVANCED DMEM/F12(商標)培地(Gibco−Invitrogen−Life Technologies、Carlsbad CA))、またはULTRACULTURE(商標)培地(BioWhittaker−Lonza Walkersville,Inc.、Walkersville、MD)で、N2補充物(Invitrogen)、またはB27もしくはB27 Xeno Free(Invitrogen)、L−グルタミンもしくはGlutaMax(Invitrogen)、ならびにEGFおよびbFGFからなるヒト組換え増殖因子(Invitrogen)、または他の増殖因子と必要に応じて一緒に培養され、
必要に応じて該DMEM/F12(商標)培地は、ヒト細胞のために使用され、該ULTRACULTURE(商標)培地は、ネコまたはイヌの細胞のために使用され、
低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは約2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%の酸素で必要に応じて該細胞を培養し、あるいは増殖させ、
必要に応じて該培地は、ビタミンCを補充され、必要に応じて該ビタミンCは、1日または2日毎に添加され、必要に応じて該ビタミンCは、約0.1mg/mlもしくは0.05mg/ml、または約0.01mg/ml〜約0.5mg/mlの間の初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて該培地は、アルブミン、またはヒトもしくはネコもしくはイヌのアルブミン、または組換えアルブミンを補充され、あるいはアルブミンは、約1.0mg/mlの初期濃度を有する量で添加され、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、病原体、細菌、エンドトキシン、真菌、マイコプラズマ、ウイルス、肝炎ウイルス、またはHIVウイルスの存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、正常核型の存在についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、テロメラーゼ活性の上昇を呈さず、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、生存能についてスクリーニングされ、
必要に応じて細胞の該試料は、腫瘍形成能についてスクリーニングされる
方法によって作製される胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を含む、製剤、製造産物、あるいは組成物。
(項目18)
胎児神経網膜細胞の前記異種混合物を作製するための前記方法が、
(a)細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーに基づいて胎児神経網膜細胞を選択し、培養前(前向きに)もしくは培養後に、または両方で該細胞を必要に応じて選択するステップであって、
必要に応じて該細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーは、CD15/LeX/SSEA1および/またはGD2ガングリオシド、必要に応じてCD9、CD81、CD133、またはAQP4、CXCR4を含むステップ、あるいは
(b)胎児神経網膜細胞トランスクリプトームプロファイル、プロテオームプロファイル、および/またはゲノムプロファイルに基づいて胎児神経網膜細胞を選択するステップをさらに含む、項目17に記載の製剤、製造産物、あるいは組成物。
(項目19)
網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置するための方法であって、
(a)項目17〜18のいずれかに記載の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を提供するステップと、
(b)(a)の該製剤、製造産物、または組成物を硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内に注射するステップとを含み、
必要に応じて該硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔であり、必要に応じて標準的な眼内注射手順が使用され、必要に応じて該方法は、前房穿刺をさらに含み、それによって該網膜疾患または網膜の状態を処置し、必要に応じて該網膜疾患または網膜の状態は、アッシャー病、網膜色素変性症(RP)、網膜変性疾患、加齢黄斑変性症(AMD)、滲出型AMD、もしくは萎縮型AMD、地図状萎縮、網膜光受容体疾患、糖尿病性網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、ブドウ膜炎、網膜剥離、網膜損傷、黄斑円孔、黄斑部毛細血管拡張症、外傷性もしくは医原性網膜損傷、神経節細胞もしくは視神経細胞疾患、緑内障、または視神経症、虚血性網膜疾患、例えば、未熟児網膜症、網膜血管閉塞、もしくは虚血性視神経症を含む、方法。
(項目20)
明所(昼間)視を改善するための、または矯正視力を改善する、または黄斑機能を改善する、または視野を改善する、または暗所(夜間)視を改善するための方法であって、
(a)項目17〜18のいずれかに記載の製剤、製造産物、または組成物を提供するステップと、
(b)(a)の該製剤、製造産物、または組成物を硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内に注射するステップとを含み、
必要に応じて該硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔は、ヒトまたはネコまたはイヌの硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔であり、必要に応じて標準的な眼内注射手順が使用され、必要に応じて該方法は、前房穿刺をさらに含み、それによって該手順の安全性を改善する;それによって該明所(昼間)視を改善する、または矯正視力を改善する、または黄斑機能を改善する、または視野を改善する、方法。
本明細書全体にわたって記載される特徴、構造、または特性は、1つまたは複数の実施形態において任意の適当な様式で組み合わせることができる。例えば、本明細書全体にわたって、語句「例示的な実施形態」、「例としての実施形態」、「いくつかの実施形態」、または他の同様の言い回しを使用することにより、一実施形態に関連して記載される特定の特徴、構造、または特性は、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つの実施形態に含めることができるという事実を指す。したがって、本明細書全体にわたって、語句「例示的な実施形態」、「例としての実施形態」、「いくつかの実施形態では」、「他の実施形態では」、または他の同様の言い回しが現れることによって、すべて同じ群の実施形態を指すとは限らず、記載される特徴、構造、または特性は、1つまたは複数の実施形態において任意の適当な様式で組み合わせることができる。
本発明は、組成物(例えば、胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物)、および本発明の方法(例えば、網膜疾患または網膜の状態の処置、または胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物の作製)を、これらを使用するための指示を含めて、含むキットを提供する。代替の実施形態では、本発明は、本発明の組成物、製造産物、または細胞の混合物もしくは細胞の培養物(例えば、胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物)を含むキットであって、本発明の方法を実施するための指示を必要に応じてさらに含む、キットを提供する。
代替の実施形態では、本発明の組成物および方法は、獣医学的用途に使用することができ、例えば、本発明は、ネコRPCの増殖の最初の成功、ならびにジストロフィーのネコや他の動物、例えば、任意の哺乳動物ペット、一般的な飼いならされた、および希有な野生哺乳動物種、動物園動物、家畜、スポーツ(例えば、競走用イヌまたはウマ)動物などにおける網膜の最初の治療用途を実証するものである。
本発明は、胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を含む本発明の1種または複数の製剤または医薬品を含むインプラント、および人工臓器、バイオリアクターシステム、細胞培養システム、プレート、皿、管、瓶、およびフラスコなども提供する。
網膜前駆細胞の単離および培養
約16〜19週の妊娠期間(GA)の胎児の胎児眼全体を、ドナーから得、L−グルタミンを含むRPMI−1640培地(BioWhittaker)を含有する15mlの管内に入れた。眼は、4.5時間〜約21.5時間の期間にわたって氷上で発送した。同時に、上記ドナーから血液試料を抜き取り、外来性物質への曝露についての試験に送った。到着時に、各眼球を検査して、角膜が透明であり、通常の形状のものであることを確認し、次いで滅菌条件下の層流フード下に置いた。胎児眼全体を、別個の50mlの管内で、抗生物質を含有する冷リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)40ml中で3回すすいだ。次いで視神経および残った間葉組織を解剖によって取り出した。網膜分離物(retinal isolate)が非網膜起源の望まれない細胞で汚染される可能性を回避するために、この手法を採用した。解剖後、抗生物質を含有する冷PBS中で眼をさらに1回すすいだ。
RPCの特徴付け
免疫細胞化学検査
細胞を解離し、4または8ウェルチャンバースライド上で1〜3日間増殖させ、次いで4%のパラホルムアルデヒド中で15分間固定し、PBS中で3回洗浄した。スライドを、5%のロバ血清および/または0.3%のTriton X−100を含有する溶液中で1時間ブロッキングし、その後、別のPBSで洗浄した。次いで抗体のパネルを4℃で一晩インキュベートして、前駆細胞によって発現された抗原を検出した。これらは、抗ネスチン(Chemicon 1:200)、抗ビメンチン(Sigma 1:200)、抗Sox2(Santa Cruz 1:400)、抗SSEA−1(BD 1:200)、抗GD2(Chemicon 1:100)、抗Ki−67(BD 1:200)、抗β3−チューブリン(Chemicon 1:400)、抗GFAP(Chemicon 1:400)、および抗GDNF(Santa Cruz 1:200)を含んでいた。これを、その後、抗マウスAlexa546(Invitrogen 1:400)、抗ヤギAlexa488(Invitrogen 1:400)、または抗ウサギFITC(Chemicon 1:800)二次抗体とともにインキュベートした。蛍光を、Leica逆顕微鏡(converse microscopy)を使用して検出し、Metamorphソフトウェアによって視覚化した。DAPIを使用して総細胞数を求めて、6つのランダムに選択した視界内で特異的な免疫反応性を発現するプロファイルを計数することによって、陽性プロファイル率を計算した。
トータルRNAを、製造者の指示に従って、RNeasyミニキット(Qiagen、CA、USA)を使用することによって抽出し、DNase Iで処理した。分光光度計(ND−1000;NanoDrop Technologies Inc.、Wilmington、DE)により、260nm/280nmにおける光学密度(OD) 1.90〜2.10および260nm/230nmにおける光学密度(OD) 1.90〜2.20を測定することによって、RNAを定量化した。
すべての出発トータルRNA試料の品質を評価した後、RNA 6000 Nano LabChip上に少量の各試料(一般に25〜250ng/ウェル)を流すことによって標的調製/処理ステップを開始し、Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100(Agilent Technologies、Palo Alto、CA)で評価した。GeneChip WT cDNA Synthesis Kit(Affymetrix,Inc.、Santa Clara、CA)、およびT7プロモーター配列でタグを付けたランダム六量体を使用して、単離したトータルRNA中に存在するポリ(A)+mRNAから二本鎖cDNAを合成した。一般に、トータルRNA出発原料100ngを、各試料の反応に使用した。次いで、二本鎖cDNAを鋳型として使用することによって、Affymetrix Genechip WT cDNA Amplification Kitを使用して、T7 RNAポリメラーゼの存在下で16時間in vitroで転写反応させることにより、アンチセンスcRNAの多数のコピーを生成した。cRNA 10マイクログラムを、センス配向で一本鎖DNAを生成するように逆転写されたランダム六量体との第2サイクルのcDNA反応に使用した。
候補マーカーの選択は、本試験の潜在的な適切性ならびに、このタイプの細胞での以前の仕事の結果に基づいた。神経系列の未熟細胞に関連するマーカー、ならびに神経分化およびグリア分化についての選択したマーカーを特に重視した。試料調製物からのトータルRNA 2マイクログラムを、製造者の指示に従って、Omniscriptase Reverse Transcriptaseキット(Qiagen、CA、USA)および10μMのランダムプライマー(Sigma、MO、USA)を用いて逆転写した。Power SYBRグリーン(Applied Biosystems、Irvine、USA)またはTaqman遺伝子発現アッセイ(Applied Biosystems)を使用して、7500 fast Real−Time PCR System(Applied Biosystems、Irvine、USA)を使用して、定量的PCRを実施した。
Cell Counting Kit−8(CCK−8;Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc.、Gaithersburg、MD)を使用して、RPCの細胞毒性を判定した。このキットはWST−8を使用し、これは、電子キャリア1−メトキシPMSの存在下で生物学的還元されると、水溶性着色ホルマザンを生成する。1ウェル当たり細胞懸濁物90μlを含有する96ウェルプレートに、CCK−8事前パッケージ(pre−packaged)溶液10μlを接種した。プレートを2時間インキュベートし、上清のOD450を測定した。各実験を、少なくとも3つの別個の実験で、四つ組で実施した。
RPCのIn vivo効力
RPCを、TrypLE Expressを用いて最初に回収し、1000rpmで5分間遠心分離して収集することによって移植用に調製した。細胞をHBSS中で1回洗浄し、次いで冷HBSS中で再懸濁して細胞生存能および細胞数を求めた。ヒトへの移植のために、HBSS 100μl中0.5×106細胞を使用した。ラットへの移植のために、HBSS 2μl中4000〜75,000細胞の範囲の様々な用量を使用した。
患者におけるhRPC移植の臨床試験
予備安全性データを得るための、網膜疾患を有する患者におけるRPCの眼内注射の前向き、非盲検、実施可能性試験を実施した。細胞および組織を安全性について最初に評価した後、臨床試験を開始した。組織は、Advanced Bioscience Resources,Inc.(ABR)から供給された。この会社は、この技術に基づいてCGMPマスターセルバンクを確立する基礎を形成することが期待されるGTPレベルの組織試料を提供することもできる。外来性物質(例えば、HIV、B型肝炎およびC型肝炎ウイルス、サイトメガロウイルス)への曝露についてのドナー試料の病理検査および血液試験を実施し、エンドトキシン、マイコプラズマ、および真菌についての試験、例えば、エンドトキシン検出のためのカブトガニアメーバ様細胞溶解物(LAL)試験(動的比濁法)、および真菌汚染の検出のためのFungitell動的色素法(kinetic chromogenic method)、または直接接種(inobulation)による最終容器滅菌性試験(final container sterility test)を培養ドナー試料に対して実施した。細胞培養培地は、LookOutマイコプラズマPCR検出キット(Sigma)またはMycoAlertマイコプラズマ検出キット(Lonza)を使用して、本発明者らの研究所またはマイコプラズマコアサービスで収集および測定した。培養ドナー試料は、腫瘍形成能について試験するために軟寒天アッセイにもかけた。異なる供与物および異なるタイムポイントからの0.2×105細胞または1.0×105細胞の細胞懸濁物を、0.35%の寒天を含有する増殖培地中に播種し、次いで0.7%の寒天ゲル上においた。28日間インキュベートした後、コロニーを0.005%のクリスタルバイオレットで染色し、陽性および陰性対照と比べて増殖についてスコアを付けた。移植用の細胞は、テロメラーゼ活性についての試験にもかけた。培養における異なる供与物および異なるタイムポイントからの細胞タンパク質1マイクログラムを、製造者の指示に従って、TITANIUM Taq DNA Polymerase(BD Clontech)とともにTRAPEZE RT Telomerase Detection Kit(Chemicon)を使用して試験した。さらに、細胞は、いずれの異常の存在についても検出するために第三者企業によって核型決定された。その理由は、これらの異常の存在が培養前駆細胞の自発的不死化およびがん性挙動を示し得るためである。最後に、細胞生存能および細胞数を、トリパンブルー(Invitrogen)染色によって、Countess自動細胞計数器(Invitrogen)によって、または血球計数器(Fisher Scientific)を使用して手作業で計数して求めた。
Claims (31)
- 被験体において、網膜疾患を処置することにおける、明所(昼間)視を改善することにおける、矯正視力を改善することにおける、黄斑機能を改善することにおける、視野を改善することにおける、または暗所(夜間)視を改善することにおける使用のための製剤、製造産物、または組成物であって、
該製剤、製造産物、または組成物は、不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞を含む細胞集団を含み、
不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞を含む該細胞集団は、
(a)在胎12〜28週齢のヒト由来のヒト網膜組織の得られた試料を物理的および/または酵素的に解離して、細胞および/または細胞群の解離懸濁物を作製するステップ;ならびに
(b)細胞および/または細胞群の該懸濁物を、異種由来成分不含有のフィブロネクチン、オルニチン、ポリリシン、またはラミニンでコーティングされた培養フラスコまたはプレート内の無血清培地中で1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10継代にわたって培養し、それによって、不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞を作製するステップであって、
該細胞は40%〜90%のコンフルエンスで継代され、各継代ごとに酵素で処理されて該細胞が解離され、そして、ビタミンCが、0.01mg/ml〜0.5mg/mlの量で1日〜2日毎に該培養培地に添加される、ステップ
によって作製されたものであり、
該不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞は、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、
ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、
Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、
Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、
MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、
Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、
製剤、製造産物、または組成物。 - 前記被験体がヒトである、請求項1に記載の使用のための製剤、製造産物、または組成物。
- 前記組成物は、前記被験体の硝子体腔もしくは網膜下腔内への注射用に製剤化されたものである、請求項1または2に記載の使用のための製剤、製造産物、または組成物。
- 前記網膜疾患が、網膜色素変性症(RP)、レーバー先天性黒内障(LCA)、シュタルガルト症、アッシャー症候群、コロイデレミア、桿体−錐体もしくは錐体−桿体ジストロフィー、繊毛障害、ミトコンドリア障害、進行性網膜萎縮、網膜変性疾患、加齢黄斑変性症(AMD)、滲出型AMD、萎縮型AMD、地図状萎縮、家族性もしくは後天性黄斑症、網膜光受容体疾患、網膜色素上皮を基礎とする疾患、糖尿病性網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、ブドウ膜炎、網膜剥離、外傷性網膜損傷、医原性網膜損傷、黄斑円孔、黄斑部毛細血管拡張症、神経節細胞疾患、視神経細胞疾患、緑内障、視神経症、虚血性網膜疾患、未熟児網膜症、網膜血管閉塞、家族性細動脈瘤、網膜血管疾患、眼血管疾患、血管疾患、または虚血性視神経症を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための製剤、製造産物、または組成物。
- 前記組成物中の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための製剤、製造産物、または組成物。
- 不死化されていないヒト胎児神経網膜細胞の異種混合物を含む、製剤、製造産物、あるいは組成物を作製する方法であって、
(a)在胎12〜28週齢のヒト由来のヒト網膜組織細胞の得られた試料を物理的および/または酵素的に解離して、細胞および/または細胞群の解離懸濁物を生成するステップであって、
細胞および/または細胞群の前記得られた試料は、トリプシンを使用して酵素的に解離される、ステップ;ならびに
(b)異種由来成分不含有のフィブロネクチン、オルニチン、ポリリシン、またはラミニンでコーティングされた培養フラスコまたはプレート内に無血清培地を含み、かつ、抗生物質および抗真菌薬を含む、または、抗生物質も抗真菌薬も含まない、滅菌環境中で、該細胞および/または細胞群を1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10継代にわたって培養するステップであって、
該細胞は40%〜90%のコンフルエンスで継代され、各継代ごとに酵素で処理されて該細胞が解離され、培養培地が1日〜2日毎に取り換えられ、
そして、ビタミンCが、0.01mg/ml〜0.5mg/mlの量で1日〜2日毎に該培地に添加される、ステップ
を含む、方法。 - 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、基本培地で培養される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、細胞の生存または増殖を支持する補充物または添加剤と一緒に培養される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 細胞の増殖または生存を支持する前記補充物は、L−グルタミン、EGFおよびbFGFからなるヒト組換え増殖因子(Invitrogen)、ならびに他の増殖因子からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは2%の酸素の下、培養または増殖される、請求項6〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは2.5%の酸素の下、培養または増殖される、請求項6〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは3%の酸素の下、培養または増殖される、請求項6〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞および/または細胞群は、低酸素条件、または妊娠の間に発生中の胎児網膜の酸素レベルに近似するもしくは密接に模倣する酸素条件下、あるいは3.5%の酸素の下、培養または増殖される、請求項6〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記培地は、1.0mg/mlの初期濃度を有する量のアルブミンまたは組換えアルブミンを補充される、請求項6〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞の前記試料は、病原体、細菌、エンドトキシン、真菌、マイコプラズマ、ウイルス、肝炎ウイルス、またはHIVウイルスの存在についてスクリーニングされる、請求項6〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞の前記試料は、正常核型の存在についてスクリーニングされる、請求項6〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞の前記試料は、テロメラーゼ活性の上昇を呈さない、請求項6〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞の前記試料は、生存能についてスクリーニングされる、請求項6〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞の前記試料は、腫瘍形成能についてスクリーニングされる、請求項6〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 不死化されていないヒト胎児神経網膜細胞の前記異種混合物を作製するための前記方法が、
(a)細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーに基づいてヒト胎児神経網膜細胞を選択するステップ、または
(b)ヒト胎児神経網膜細胞トランスクリプトームプロファイル、プロテオームプロファイル、および/またはゲノムプロファイルに基づいてヒト胎児神経網膜細胞を選択するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項6〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - ステップ(a)は、培養前もしくは培養後のいずれかに、または両方で前記細胞を選択するステップをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞の集団を単離するための方法であって、
網膜が形成された後であるが、光受容体外側セグメントが該網膜全体にわたって完全に形成される前でかつ網膜の血管新生が完了しているかまたは完了する前の段階で得られたヒト網膜組織の試料を物理的および/または酵素的に解離して、細胞および細胞群の解離懸濁物を生成するステップと、
該解離懸濁物を1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10継代にわたって培養するステップと
を含み、
該細胞は40%〜90%のコンフルエンスで継代され、各継代ごとに酵素で処理されて該細胞が解離され、そして、ビタミンCが、0.01mg/ml〜0.5mg/mlの量で1日〜2日毎に培養培地に添加され、
該ヒト網膜前駆細胞は、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、
方法。 - 前記ヒト網膜組織が、在胎12週齢〜28週齢のヒト胎児網膜から得られたものである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が大気酸素レベルで培養されるか、または該細胞が、0.5%〜7%の間の酸素レベルで培養される、請求項22または23に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が無血清または低血清細胞培養培地で培養される、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記培地がアルブミンをさらに含む、請求項22〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記集団内の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、請求項22〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞を含む細胞集団であって、
該細胞集団は、
ヒト網膜組織を物理的および/または酵素的に解離して、細胞および/または細胞群の解離懸濁物を得るステップ、および
該得られた懸濁物を、異種由来成分不含有のフィブロネクチン、オルニチン、ポリリシン、またはラミニンでコーティングされた培養フラスコまたはプレート内の無血清培地中で1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10継代にわたって培養するステップ
によって作製されたものであり、
ここで、該細胞は、各継代ごとに酵素で処理されて該細胞が解離されることによって、そして、0.01mg/ml〜0.5mg/mlの量で1日〜2日毎に培養培地に添加されるビタミンCとともに新鮮な培養培地を加えることによって継代され、その結果、該不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞が、ネスチン、Sox2、Ki−67、MHCクラスI、およびFas/CD95からなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーを発現し、ネスチンは、該集団内の該細胞の90%超によって発現され、Sox2は、該集団内の該細胞の80%超によって発現され、Ki−67は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現され、MHCクラスIは、該集団内の該細胞の70%超によって発現され、Fas/CD95は、該集団内の該細胞の30%超によって発現される、
細胞集団。 - 前記集団内の前記細胞が、ビメンチン、CD9、CD81、AQP4、CXCR4、CD15/LeX/SSEA1、GD2ガングリオシド、CD133、β3−チューブリン、MAP2、GFAP、OPN/SPP1、PTN、KDR、およびTEKからなる群から選択される1種または複数のマーカーをさらに発現する、請求項28に記載の不死化されていないヒト網膜前駆細胞集団。
- 前記細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーは、CD15/LeX/SSEA1および/またはGD2ガングリオシドを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞表面マーカーまたは遺伝子マーカーは、CD9、CD81、CD133、またはAQP4、および/またはCXCR4を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
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