JP2018088521A - 発光素子、表示装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子、表示装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
第2の正孔輸送性骨格は芳香族アミン骨格、特にトリアリールアミン骨格を有すると好ましい。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について、図1及び図2を用いて以下説明する。
まず、本発明の一態様の発光素子の構成について、図1(A)(B)(C)を用いて、以下説明する。
次に、発光層140の発光機構について、以下説明を行う。
・Host(141_1):有機化合物141_1(ホスト材料)
・Host(141_2):有機化合物141_2(ホスト材料)
・Guest(142):ゲスト材料142(燐光性化合物)
・SPH1:有機化合物141_1(ホスト材料)のS1準位
・TPH1:有機化合物141_1(ホスト材料)のT1準位
・SPH2:有機化合物141_2(ホスト材料)のS1準位
・TPH2:有機化合物141_2(ホスト材料)のT1準位
・SPG:ゲスト材料142(燐光性化合物)のS1準位
・TPG:ゲスト材料142(燐光性化合物)のT1準位
・SPE:励起錯体のS1準位
・TPE:励起錯体のT1準位
図2に本発明の一態様に係る発光素子の発光層140中の有機化合物141_1と有機化合物141_2のHOMO準位とLUMO準位のエネルギー関係を示す。図2において、有機化合物141_1が電子を受け取るバイポーラ材料、有機化合物141_2が正孔を受けとるバイポーラ材料として以下説明する。
次に、本発明の一態様に係わる発光素子の構成要素の詳細について、以下説明を行う。
発光層140中では、ホスト材料141が重量比で最も多く存在し、ゲスト材料142(燐光材料)は、ホスト材料141中に分散される。発光層140のホスト材料141(有機化合物141_1及び有機化合物141_2)のT1準位は、発光層140のゲスト材料(ゲスト材料142)のT1準位よりも高いことが好ましい。
正孔注入層111は、一対の電極の一方(電極101または電極102)からのホール注入障壁を低減することでホール注入を促進する機能を有し、例えば遷移金属酸化物、フタロシアニン誘導体、あるいは芳香族アミンなどによって形成される。遷移金属酸化物としては、モリブデン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物、ルテニウム酸化物、タングステン酸化物、マンガン酸化物などが挙げられる。フタロシアニン誘導体としては、フタロシアニンや金属フタロシアニンなどが挙げられる。芳香族アミンとしてはベンジジン誘導体やフェニレンジアミン誘導体などが挙げられる。ポリチオフェンやポリアニリンなどの高分子化合物を用いることもでき、例えば自己ドープされたポリチオフェンであるポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)などがその代表例である。
正孔輸送層112は正孔輸送性材料を含む層であり、正孔注入層111の材料として例示した正孔輸送性材料を使用することができる。正孔輸送層112は正孔注入層111に注入された正孔を発光層140へ輸送する機能を有するため、正孔注入層111の最高被占軌道(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital、HOMOともいう)準位と同じ、あるいは近いHOMO準位を有することが好ましい。
電子輸送層118は、電子注入層119を経て一対の電極の他方(電極101または電極102)から注入された電子を発光層140へ輸送する機能を有する。電子輸送性材料としては、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い材料を用いることができ、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する材料であることが好ましい。電子を受け取りやすい化合物(電子輸送性を有する材料)としては、含窒素複素芳香族化合物のようなπ電子不足型複素芳香族や金属錯体などを用いることができる。具体的には、キノリン配位子、ベンゾキノリン配位子、オキサゾール配位子、あるいはチアゾール配位子を有する金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、ジベンゾキノキサリン誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、トリアジン誘導体などが挙げられる。また、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する物質であることが好ましい。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、上記以外の物質を電子輸送層として用いても構わない。また、電子輸送層118は、単層だけでなく、上記物質からなる層が二層以上積層してもよい。
電子注入層119は電極102からの電子注入障壁を低減することで電子注入を促進する機能を有し、例えば第1族金属、第2族金属、あるいはこれらの酸化物、ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩などを用いることができる。また、先に示す電子輸送性材料と、これに対して電子供与性を示す材料の複合材料を用いることもできる。電子供与性を示す材料としては、第1族金属、第2族金属、あるいはこれらの酸化物などを挙げることができる。具体的には、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、フッ化セシウム(CsF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、リチウム酸化物(LiOx)等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはそれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウム(ErF3)のような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。また、電子注入層119にエレクトライドを用いてもよい。該エレクトライドとしては、例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等が挙げられる。また、電子注入層119に、電子輸送層118で用いることが出来る物質を用いても良い。
電極101及び電極102は、発光素子の陽極または陰極としての機能を有する。電極101及び電極102は、金属、合金、導電性化合物、およびこれらの混合物や積層体などを用いて形成することができる。
また、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子は、ガラス、プラスチックなどからなる基板上に作製すればよい。基板上に作製する順番としては、電極101側から順に積層しても、電極102側から順に積層しても良い。
本実施の形態は、複数の発光ユニットを積層した構成の発光素子(以下、積層型素子ともいう)の態様について、図3を参照して説明する。この発光素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極との間に、複数の発光ユニットを有する発光素子である。一つの発光ユニットは、実施の形態1で示したEL層103と同様な構成を有する。つまり、実施の形態1で示した発光素子は、1つの発光ユニットを有する発光素子であり、本実施の形態では、複数の発光ユニットを有する発光素子ということができる。
図3は、発光素子250の断面模式図である。
本実施の形態では実施の形態1及び実施の形態2で説明した発光素子を用いた発光装置について、図4(A)及び図4(B)を用いて説明する。
図5には表示装置の一例として、白色発光を呈する発光素子を形成し、着色層(カラーフィルタ)を形成した発光装置の例を示す。
トップエミッション型の発光装置の断面図を図6に示す。この場合、基板1001は光を通さない基板を用いることができる。TFTと発光素子の陽極とを接続する接続電極を作製するまでは、ボトムエミッション型の発光装置と同様に形成する。その後、第3の層間絶縁膜1037を電極1022を覆って形成する。この絶縁膜は平坦化の役割を担っていても良い。第3の層間絶縁膜1037は第2の層間絶縁膜1021と同様の材料の他、他の様々な材料を用いて形成することができる。
本実施の形態では実施の形態1及び実施の形態2で説明した発光素子を用いた表示装置の具体的な例について説明する。以下で例示する表示装置は、反射型の液晶素子と、発光素子の両方を有し、透過モードと反射モードの両方の表示を行うことのできる、表示装置である。発光素子に実施の形態1及び実施の形態2で説明した発光素子を適用すると好ましい。
図7(A)は、表示装置400の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。表示装置400は、表示部362にマトリクス状に配列した複数の画素410を有する。また表示装置400は、回路GDと、回路SDを有する。また方向Rに配列した複数の画素410、及び回路GDと電気的に接続する複数の配線G1、複数の配線G2、複数の配線ANO、及び複数の配線CSCOMを有する。また方向Cに配列した複数の画素410、及び回路SDと電気的に接続する複数の配線S1及び複数の配線S2を有する。
図8は、画素410の構成例を示す回路図である。図8では、隣接する2つの画素410を示している。
図10は、本発明の一態様の表示装置300の斜視概略図である。表示装置300は、基板351と基板361とが貼り合わされた構成を有する。図10では、基板361を破線で明示している。
表示パネル700は、樹脂層701、絶縁層478、複数のトランジスタ、容量素子405、絶縁層411、絶縁層412、絶縁層413、絶縁層414、絶縁層415、発光素子360、スペーサ416、接着層417、着色層425、遮光層426、絶縁層476、及び樹脂層702を有する。
表示パネル800は、縦電界方式が適用された反射型液晶表示装置である。
表示面側に位置する第1の画素が有する表示素子には、外光を反射して表示する素子を用いることができる。このような素子は、光源を持たないため、表示の際の消費電力を極めて小さくすることが可能となる。第1の画素が有する表示素子には、代表的には反射型の液晶素子を用いることができる。または、第1の画素が有する表示素子として、シャッター方式のMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)素子、光干渉方式のMEMS素子の他、マイクロカプセル方式、電気泳動方式、エレクトロウェッティング方式、電子粉流体(登録商標)方式等を適用した素子などを用いることができる。
液晶素子としては、例えば垂直配向(VA:Vertical Alignment)モードが適用された液晶素子を用いることができる。垂直配向モードとしては、MVA(Multi−Domain Vertical Alignment)モード、PVA(Patterned Vertical Alignment)モード、ASV(Advanced Super View)モードなどを用いることができる。
発光素子としては、自発光が可能な素子を用いることができ、電流又は電圧によって輝度が制御される素子をその範疇に含んでいる。例えば、LED、QLED、有機EL素子、無機EL素子等を用いることができるが、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2で説明した発光素子を用いることが好ましい。
接着層としては、紫外線硬化型等の光硬化型接着剤、反応硬化型接着剤、熱硬化型接着剤、嫌気型接着剤などの各種硬化型接着剤を用いることができる。これら接着剤としてはエポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、イミド樹脂、PVC(ポリビニルクロライド)樹脂、PVB(ポリビニルブチラル)樹脂、EVA(エチレンビニルアセテート)樹脂等が挙げられる。特に、エポキシ樹脂等の透湿性が低い材料が好ましい。また、二液混合型の樹脂を用いてもよい。また、接着シート等を用いてもよい。
接続層としては、異方性導電フィルム(ACF:Anisotropic Conductive Film)や、異方性導電ペースト(ACP:Anisotropic Conductive Paste)などを用いることができる。
着色層に用いることのできる材料としては、金属材料、樹脂材料、顔料または染料が含まれた樹脂材料などが挙げられる。
遮光層として用いることのできる材料としては、カーボンブラック、チタンブラック、金属、金属酸化物、複数の金属酸化物の固溶体を含む複合酸化物等が挙げられる。遮光層は、樹脂材料を含む膜であってもよいし、金属などの無機材料の薄膜であってもよい。また、遮光層に、着色層の材料を含む膜の積層膜を用いることもできる。例えば、ある色の光を透過する着色層に用いる材料を含む膜と、他の色の光を透過する着色層に用いる材料を含む膜との積層構造を用いることができる。着色層と遮光層の材料を共通化することで、装置を共通化できるほか工程を簡略化できるため好ましい。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2に示す発光素子をその一部に含む電子機器について説明する。実施の形態1及び実施の形態2に記載の発光素子は、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子を含むことから、駆動電圧が低く、発光効率が高く、信頼性の良好な発光素子であり、その結果、本実施の形態に記載の電子機器は、消費電力が低減された、信頼性の良好な表示部を有する電子機器とすることが可能である。
図13(A)〜図13(G)は、電子機器を示す図である。これらの電子機器は、筐体9000、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、又は操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006、センサ9007(力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音声、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、におい又は赤外線を測定する機能を含むもの)、マイクロフォン9008、等を有することができる。また、センサ9007は、脈拍センサや指紋センサ等のように生体情報を測定する機能を有してもよい。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子を様々な電子機器及び照明装置に適用する一例について、図17及び図18を用いて説明する。
ステップ1:N−(ビフェニル−4−イル)−N−{4−[6−(ビフェニル−4−イル)ピリミジン−4−イル]フェニル}−9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−アミン(略称:6BP−4FBiPPm))の合成
1H NMR(DMSO−d6,300MHz):δ=1.43(s,6H),7.12−7.18(m,3H),7.26(d,J1=8.7Hz,2H),7.30−7.38(m,3H),7.40−7.56(m,7H),7.68−7.73(m,4H),7.80(dd,J1=7.2Hz,J2=1.5Hz,3H),7.85(d,J1=8.1Hz,1H),8.89(d,J1=8.4Hz,2H),8.34(d,J1=8.7Hz,2H),8.46(d,J1=8.1Hz,2H),8.58(d,J1=1.5Hz,1H), 9.24(d,J1=1.5Hz,1H)
6BP−4FBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図20に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図21に示す。固体薄膜は石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて作成した。トルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルの測定には、紫外可視分光光度計((株)日本分光製 V550型)を用いた。トルエンのみを石英セルに入れて測定したトルエンの吸収スペクトルを、6BP−4FBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルから差し引くことで、図20に示す6BP−4FBiPPmトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルを得た。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルの測定には、分光光度計((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製 分光光度計U4100)を用いた。また、発光スペクトルの測定には、蛍光光度計((株)浜松ホトニクス製 FS920)を用いた。
ステップ1:4−[6−(ビフェニル−4−イル)ピリミジン−4−イル]−4’−フェニル−4”−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−イル)トリフェニルアミン(略称:6BP−4PCBBiPPm)の合成
1H NMR(1,1,2,2−Tetrachloroethane−d2,300MHz):δ=7.31−7.41(m,8H),7.43−7.54(m,9H),7.61−7.75(m,13H),7.81(d,J1=8.4Hz,1H),8.11−8.14(m,3H),8.21−8.28(m,3H),8.39(d,J1=0.9Hz,2H),9.30(s,1H)
次に、6BP−4PCBBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図23に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図24に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
ステップ1:N−(ビフェニル−4−イル)−N−{3−[6−(ビフェニル−4−イル)ピリミジン−4−イル]フェニル}−9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−アミン(略称:6BP−4mFBiPPm)の合成
1H NMR(DMSO−d6,300MHz):δ=1.40(s,6H),7.09(dd,J1=7.8Hz,J2=2.1Hz,1H),7.19(d,J1=8.7Hz,2H),7.26−7.58(m,12H),7.66−7.70(m,4H),7.76−7.82(m,4H),7.87(d,J1=8.7Hz,2H),8.12(d,J1=7.8Hz,1H),8.18(t,J1=2.1Hz,1H),8.45(d,J1=8.4Hz,2H),8.64(d,J1=0.9Hz,1H),9.22(d,J1=0.9Hz,1H)
6BP−4mFBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図26に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図27に示す。溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトル、薄膜の吸収スペクトルの測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。薄膜の発光スペクトルの測定には、顕微PL装置((株)堀場製作所製 LabRAM HR−PL)を用いた。
ステップ1:3−[6−(ビフェニル−4−イル)ピリミジン−4−イル]−4’−フェニル−4”−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−イル)トリフェニルアミン(略称:6BP−4mPCBBiPPm)の合成
1H NMR(DMSO−d6,300MHz):δ=7.24(dd,J1=8.7Hz,J2=14.7Hz,4H),7.29−7.62(m,13H),7.65−7.82(m,13H),7.88(d,J1=8.4Hz,2H),8.15(d,J1=7.8Hz,1H),8.19(s,1H),8.35(d,J1=7.2Hz,1H),8.47(d,J1=8.4Hz,2H),8.60(d,J1=1.5Hz,1H),8.66(s,1H),9.25(s,1H)
6BP−4mPCBBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図29に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図30に示す。溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトル、薄膜の吸収スペクトルの測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。薄膜の発光スペクトルの測定には、顕微PL装置((株)堀場製作所製 Labram HR−PL)を用いた。
ステップ1:4,6−ビス{4−[N−(ビフェニル−4−イル)−N−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)]アミノフェニル}ピリミジン(略称:4,6FBiP2Pm)の合成
1H NMR(DMSO−d6,300MHz):δ=1.42(s,12H),7.10−7.16(m,6H),7.23(d,J1=8.7Hz,4H),7.27−7.37(m,8H),7.41−7.50(m,6H),7.64−7.67(m,8H),7.74(d,J1=7.8Hz,2H),7.79(d,J1=8.4Hz,2H),8.22(d,J1=8.1Hz,4H),8.31(s,1H),9.12(s,1H)
次に、4,6FBiP2Pmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図32に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図33に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
ステップ1:4,6−ビス{3−[N−(ビフェニル−4−イル)−N−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)]アミノフェニル}ピリミジン(略称:4,6mFBiP2Pm)の合成
1H NMR(DMSO−d6,300MHz):δ=1.38(s,12H),7.05(dd,J1=8.1Hz,J2=1.8Hz,2H),7.16(d,J1=8.7Hz,4H),7.24−7.36(m,10H),7.42−7.54(m,8H),7.64−7.68(m,8H),7.77(t,J1=8.1Hz,4H),8.03(d,J1=7.8Hz,2H),8.10(s,2H),8.51(s,1H),9.11(s,1H)
次に、4,6mFBiP2Pmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図35に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図36に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
ステップ1:N−(4−ビフェニル)−N−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)−4−[3−(ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン−2−イル)フェニル]フェニルアミン(略称:2mpFBiBPDBq)の合成
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ=1.47(s,6H),7.17(dd,J1=8.5Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),7.27−7.35(m,8H),7.41−7.46(m,3H),7.56(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.61−7.69(m,7H),7.76−7.84(m,5H),8.28,(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.66(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),9.25(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),9.44(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),9.46(s,1H)
次に、2mpFBiBPDBqのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図38に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図39に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
ステップ1:4−クロロ−6−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)ピリミジンの合成
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ=1.46(s,6H),1.59(s,6H),7.14(dd,J1=8.5Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),7.25−7.53(m,14H),7.54(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.61−7.68(m,7H),7.77−7.81(m,2H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.10,(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.14(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.29(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.41(t,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.36(d,J=1.5Hz,1H)
次に、6FL−4mpFBiBPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図41に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図42に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
(N−[4−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−イル)フェニル]−N−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)−4−{3−[6−(9,9−ジメチル−9H−フルオレン−2−イル)ピリミジン−4−イル]フェニル}フェニルアミン(略称:6FL−4mpPCBFBPPm))の合成
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.47(s,6H),1.59(s,6H),7.17(dd,J1=8.4Hz,J2=1.8Hz,1H),7.28−7.51(m,15H),7.60−7.69(m,13H),7.77−7.82(m,2H),7.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.15(dd,J1=7.8Hz,J2=1.5Hz,1H),8.20(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.22,(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.29(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.37(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.42(t,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.37(d,J=0.9Hz,1H)
次に、6FL−4mpPCBFBPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図44に示す。
ステップ1:N−(4−クロロフェニル)−N−[4−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール−3−イル)フェニル]−1,1’−ビフェニル−4−アミンの合成
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ=1.58(s,6H),7.31−7.40(m,10H),7.44−7.50(m,7H),7.57−7.71(m,11H),7.80(dd,J1=8.7Hz,J2=2.4Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.10−8.13(m,4H),8.20(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.37(s,1H),9.29(d,J=1.2Hz,1H)
次に、6FL−4PCBBiPPmのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図46に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルと発光スペクトルを図47に示す。測定方法は先に示す実施例1と同様に行った。
≪比較発光素子1の作製≫
基板200上に電極101として、ITSO膜を厚さが70nmになるように形成した。なお、電極101の電極面積は、4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。
発光素子2は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子3は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子4の発光層160として、2mDBTBPDBq−IIと、6BP−4mFBiPPmと、Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)とを、重量比(2mDBTBPDBq−II:6BP−4mFBiPPm:Ir(tBuppm)2(acac))が0.6:0.4:0.05になるように、且つ厚さが40nmになるように共蒸着した。
発光素子5の発光層160として、2mDBTBPDBq−IIと、6BP−4mPCBBiPPmと、Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)とを、重量比(2mDBTBPDBq−II:6BP−4mPCBBiPPm:Ir(tBuppm)2(acac))が0.6:0.4:0.05になるように、且つ厚さが40nmになるように共蒸着した。
次に、上記作製した比較発光素子1、発光素子2〜発光素子5の特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM−5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA−11)を用いた。
≪比較発光素子6の作製≫
比較発光素子6は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子7は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子8は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
次に、上記作製した比較発光素子6、発光素子7,発光素子8の特性を測定した。測定法は実施例11と同様である。
次に、比較発光素子6、発光素子7、発光素子8の初期輝度5000cd/m2における定電流駆動試験を行った。その結果を図61に示す。図61から分かるように比較発光素子6と比較し、発光素子7及び発光素子8は良好な信頼性を示した。これは、発光素子7、発光素子8の方が比較発光素子6と比較し、発光層に用いた2種のホスト材料間のLUMO準位の差が小さいため、電子注入障壁が小さいためである。
≪発光素子9の作製≫
発光素子9は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子10は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
次に、上記作製した、発光素子9,発光素子10の特性を測定した。測定法は実施例11と同様である。
≪発光素子11の作製≫
発光素子11は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
発光素子12は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
次に、発光素子11、発光素子12の初期輝度5000cd/m2における定電流駆動試験を行った。その結果を図72に示す。図72より発光素子11及び発光素子12は輝度10%減少時間(LT90)が740時間以上の良好な信頼性を示した。特に発光素子12はLT90が1100時間以上であり、非常に良好な信頼性を示した。
≪発光素子13の作製≫
発光素子13は、先に示す比較発光素子1の作製と、発光層160の材料のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は比較発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
51 接着層
52 接着層
100 EL層
101 電極
102 電極
103 EL層
106 発光ユニット
108 発光ユニット
111 正孔注入層
112 正孔輸送層
113 電子輸送層
114 電子注入層
115 電荷発生層
116 正孔注入層
117 正孔輸送層
118 電子輸送層
119 電子注入層
120 発光層
140 発光層
141 ホスト材料
141_1 有機化合物
141_2 有機化合物
142 ゲスト材料
150 発光素子
160 発光層
170 発光層
200 基板
201 樹脂層
202 樹脂層
205 トランジスタ
206 トランジスタ
207 接続部
220 基板
250 発光素子
300 表示装置
311 電極
311b 電極
312 液晶
340 液晶素子
351 基板
360 発光素子
360b 発光素子
360g 発光素子
360r 発光素子
360w 発光素子
361 基板
362 表示部
364 回路部
365 配線
366 回路部
367 配線
372 FPC
373 IC
374 FPC
375 IC
400 表示装置
401 トランジスタ
402 トランジスタ
403 トランジスタ
405 容量素子
406 接続部
410 画素
411 絶縁層
412 絶縁層
413 絶縁層
414 絶縁層
415 絶縁層
416 スペーサ
417 接着層
419 接続層
421 電極
422 EL層
423 電極
424 光学調整層
425 着色層
426 遮光層
451 開口
476 絶縁層
478 絶縁層
501 トランジスタ
503 トランジスタ
505 容量素子
506 接続部
511 絶縁層
512 絶縁層
513 絶縁層
514 絶縁層
517 接着層
519 接続層
529 液晶素子
543 接続体
562 電極
563 液晶
564a 配向膜
564b 配向膜
576 絶縁層
578 絶縁層
599 偏光板
600A ALSモデル
601 ソース側駆動回路
602 画素部
603 ゲート側駆動回路
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 空間
608 配線
610 素子基板
611 スイッチング用TFT
612 電流制御用TFT
613 電極
614 絶縁物
616 EL層
617 電極
618 発光素子
623 nチャネル型TFT
624 pチャネル型TFT
700 表示パネル
701 樹脂層
702 樹脂層
800 表示パネル
1001 基板
1002 下地絶縁膜
1003 ゲート絶縁膜
1006 ゲート電極
1007 ゲート電極
1008 ゲート電極
1020 層間絶縁膜
1021 層間絶縁膜
1022 電極
1024B 電極
1024G 電極
1024R 電極
1025B 下部電極
1025G 下部電極
1025R 下部電極
1026 隔壁
1028 EL層
1029 電極
1031 封止基板
1032 シール材
1033 基材
1034B 着色層
1034G 着色層
1034R 着色層
1036 オーバーコート層
1035 黒色層
1037 層間絶縁膜
1040 画素部
1041 駆動回路部
1042 周辺部
3500 多機能端末
3502 筐体
3504 表示部
3506 カメラ
3508 照明
3600 ライト
3602 筐体
3608 照明
3610 スピーカ
7121 筐体
7122 表示部
7123 キーボード
7124 ポインティングデバイス
7200 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ
7201 装着部
7202 レンズ
7203 本体
7204 表示部
7205 ケーブル
7206 バッテリ
7300 カメラ
7301 筐体
7302 表示部
7303 操作ボタン
7304 シャッターボタン
7305 結合部
7306 レンズ
7400 ファインダー
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 ボタン
7500 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ
7501 筐体
7502 表示部
7503 操作ボタン
7504 固定具
7505 レンズ
7510 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ
7701 筐体
7702 筐体
7703 表示部
7704 操作キー
7705 レンズ
7706 接続部
8501 照明装置
8502 照明装置
8503 照明装置
8504 照明装置
9000 筐体
9001 表示部
9003 スピーカ
9005 操作キー
9006 接続端子
9007 センサ
9008 マイクロフォン
9050 操作ボタン
9051 情報
9052 情報
9053 情報
9054 情報
9055 ヒンジ
9100 携帯情報端末
9101 携帯情報端末
9102 携帯情報端末
9200 携帯情報端末
9201 携帯情報端末
9300 テレビジョン装置
9301 スタンド
9311 リモコン操作機
9700 自動車
9701 車体
9702 車輪
9703 ダッシュボード
9704 ライト
9710 表示部
9711 表示部
9712 表示部
9713 表示部
9714 表示部
9715 表示部
9721 表示部
9722 表示部
9723 表示部
Claims (16)
- 一対の電極間に発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、第1の有機化合物と、第2の有機化合物と、ゲスト材料と、を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位は、前記第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位より低く、
前記第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位と前記第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位の差は0eVより大きく、0.5eV以下であり、
前記第1の有機化合物のHOMO準位は、前記第2の有機化合物のHOMO準位より低く、
前記ゲスト材料は、三重項励起エネルギーを発光に変換することができる機能を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物と、前記第2の有機化合物と、が励起錯体を形成する組み合わせである、発光素子。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1の有機化合物は第1の電子輸送性骨格と、第1の正孔輸送性骨格を有し、
前記第2の有機化合物は、第2の電子輸送性骨格と、第2の正孔輸送性骨格を有する、発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位と前記第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位の差は0eVより大きく、0.3eV以下である、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3において、
前記第1の電子輸送性骨格および前記第2の電子輸送性骨格は、π電子不足型複素芳香環、アリールボラン骨格、ホスフィンオキシド骨格のいずれか一以上を含み、
前記第1の正孔輸送性骨格および前記第2の正孔輸送性骨格は、π電子過剰複素芳香環、芳香族アミン骨格のいずれか一以上を含む、発光素子 - 請求項1乃至請求項4において、
前記第1の電子輸送性骨格は炭素数8〜18の含窒素複素芳香環であり、
前記第2の電子輸送性骨格は炭素数3〜8の含窒素複素芳香環である、発光素子。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の正孔輸送性骨格はπ電子過剰複素芳香環であり、
前記第2の正孔輸送性骨格はアミン骨格である、発光素子。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の電子輸送性骨格は、キノリン骨格、キノキサリン骨格のいずれか一を含み、
前記第2の電子輸送性骨格はトリアジン骨格、ピリミジン骨格、ピリジン骨格、ピラジン骨格のいずれか一を含む、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7において、
前記第2の有機化合物は下記構造式(100)〜(109)で表される有機化合物のいずれか一である、発光素子。
- 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項において、
前記励起錯体は、前記ゲスト材料へ励起エネルギーを供与する機能を有する、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項において、
前記励起錯体が呈する発光スペクトルは、前記ゲスト材料の吸収スペクトルの最も長波長側の吸収帯と重なる領域を有する、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一項において、
前記ゲスト材料は、イリジウムを有する、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
カラーフィルタまたはトランジスタの少なくとも一方と、
を有する表示装置。 - 請求項12に記載の表示装置と、
筐体またはタッチセンサの少なくとも一方と、
を有する電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
筐体またはタッチセンサの少なくとも一方と、
を有する照明装置。 - 下記構造式(100)〜(109)でいずれか一で表される有機化合物。
- 請求項15記載の有機化合物のうち、いずれか一または複数を有する、発光素子。
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US10749112B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
US10270039B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
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KR102564589B1 (ko) | 2023-08-09 |
US20190245146A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
CN114284447A (zh) | 2022-04-05 |
JP7354375B2 (ja) | 2023-10-02 |
KR20220131872A (ko) | 2022-09-29 |
US20180138416A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
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