JP2018049798A - 有機el素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機el素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018049798A JP2018049798A JP2016186035A JP2016186035A JP2018049798A JP 2018049798 A JP2018049798 A JP 2018049798A JP 2016186035 A JP2016186035 A JP 2016186035A JP 2016186035 A JP2016186035 A JP 2016186035A JP 2018049798 A JP2018049798 A JP 2018049798A
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Abstract
Description
特に照明用途への応用に関して、薄型、軽量、意匠性を向上させることができ、安価であるという特徴から、プラスチックフィルム基板がガラス基板に代わるものとして注目されている。
また、上記特許文献3では、スペーサーの断面積が、平均直径5μm以上、50μm以下と大きいスペーサー材料を用いるため、インクジェット塗布の場合は、目詰まりの原因になる。また、フレキソ印刷では転写不良、また他の塗布方式では発光ムラといった問題が発生し、歩留まりに課題がある。さらに、スペーサー材料を別で塗布するための工程が必要になるため、コスト面でも課題が残る。
本発明は、上記のような点に着目したもので、歩留まり向上と低コスト化を可能にし、ショートやリークの発生を防ぎ、素子の耐久性を向上させた有機EL素子を提供することを目的とする。
ここで、図面は模式的なものであり、厚さと平面寸法との関係、各層の厚さの比率等は現実のものとは異なる。また、以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術的思想を具体化するための構成を例示するものであって、本発明の技術的思想は、構成部品の材質、形状、構造等が下記のものに特定するものでない。本発明の技術的思想は、特許請求の範囲に記載された請求項が規定する技術的範囲内において、種々の変更を加えることができる。
無機化合物からなるバリア層は、水蒸気や酸素等のガスの透過を防ぐものである。バリア層を形成する材料は特に限定されるものではなく、珪素、アルミニウム、クロム、マグネシウム等の金属の酸化物、窒化物、フッ化物や、錫含有酸化インジウム(ITO)などの複合酸化物、窒化物等、透明で且つ酸素、水蒸気等のガスバリア性を有するものが使用できる。なかでも、金属酸化物は好ましく用いることが出来、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化珪素(SiOx)、インジウムとスズの複合酸化物(ITO)が望ましく、その中でも、SiOxやITOは透明性、防湿性とも他の金属酸化物より優れているためより好ましい。また若干窒素が入ったSiOxNyでもよい。また混合された材料でもよい。
なかでも窒化シリコン(SiNx)や酸窒化シリコン(SiOxNy)は透明性、防湿性ともに他の金属酸化物より優れているためより好ましい。さらにSiNxは高屈折率特性を備えているため、光学調整層として用いやすく、SiOxNyに関しては密着性にも優れている。
有機発光媒体層11としては、主に、正孔輸送層4、発光層6、そして電子輸送層7とを備えることが一般的である。
正孔輸送層4は、陽極である透明電極3から注入された正孔を陰極である対向電極8の方向へ進め、正孔を通しながらも電子が透明電極3の方向へ進行することを防止する機能を有している。電界印加時に透明電極3からの正孔の注入を安定化する機能、及び、透明電極3から注入された正孔を電界の力で発光層6内に輸送する機能のいずれか一方を有する場合であってもよく、正孔注入及び正孔輸送の両方の機能を有していても良い。正孔輸送層4は、1層からなっても良いし、複数層からなっても良い。
対向電極8を陰極とする場合には有機発光媒体層への電子注入効率の高い、仕事関数の低い物質を用いる。具体的には、Mg,Al,Yb等の金属単体を用いたり、発光媒体と接する界面にLiや酸化Li,LiF等の化合物を1nm程度挟んで、安定性・導電性の高いAlやCuを積層して用いたりしてもよい。または、電子注入効率と安定性を両立させるため、仕事関数が低いLi,Mg,Ca,Sr,La,Ce,Er,Eu,Sc,Y,Yb等の金属1種以上と、安定なAg,Al,Cu等の金属元素との合金系を用いてもよい。
ここで、有機EL素子の電力効率及び寿命の観点から、透明電極3と対向電極8の間に電荷発生層(中間層)を導入してもよい。
封止基板10としては、耐湿性フィルムの例として、プラスチック基材の両面にSiOxをCVD法で形成したフィルムや、透過性の小さいフィルムと吸水性のあるフィルムまたは吸水剤を塗布した重合体フィルムなどがあり、耐湿性フィルムの水蒸気透過率は、10−6g/m2/day以下であることが好ましい。
なお、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更を加えることが可能である。
<実施例1>
次に、以上のような構成の有機EL素子1を製造する方法の概略を説明する。
まず、プラスチックフィルム基材2として16μmPETフィルム上にCVD法にて酸窒化シリコン層を130nm、その上に窒化シリコン層を70nm、さらにその上に酸窒化シリコン層を800nm積層して総膜厚1μmの無機化合物からなるバリア層を形成した。
正孔輸送層4上に形成する発光層6には緑色発光体を用いた。緑色有機発光層のホスト材料にはTPBi、ドープ材料にはトリス(2−(p−トリル)ピリジン)イリジウムIII(Ir(mppy)3)を用いて質量比率をTPBi/Ir(mppy)3=0.94/0.06にて濃度1%になるようにトルエンに溶解させた有機発光インキを用いた。このとき乾燥後の有機発光層の膜厚は100nmとなった。
有機EL素子の中心に対し左右辺をそれぞれ60度曲げ、これを100回反復する屈曲試験を行い、その後点灯させた。試験を行った試験体中、総ての試験体が点灯した。
スペーサービーズ5を設けない他は、上記実施例と同一の方法で有機EL素子を作製し、屈曲試験を行った。屈曲試験において、試験を行った試験体中、8つの試験体が点灯しなかった。
この結果から、スペーサービーズ5を設けない有機EL素子においては、ショートやリークが発生するおそれがあるのに対し、本発明の有機EL素子は、屈曲により有機層や電極層における損傷の発生が抑制されることが分かった。
スペーサービーズ5として平均直径6μmのスペーサービーズを分散させる以外は、上記実施例と同一の方法で有機EL素子を作製したところ、正孔輸送層をダイコート法で一様に塗布することができなかった。有機EL素子1を駆動し、表示確認を行ったところ、発光ムラが発生した。
この結果から、平均直径が5μm以上のスペーサービーズ5を用いた有機EL素子においては、塗布の際にムラが発生するのに対し、本発明の有機EL素子は、一様に塗布できることが分かった。
平均直径0.5μmのスペーサービーズを分散させる以外は、上記実施例と同一の方法で有機EL素子を作製し屈曲試験を行った。屈曲試験において、試験を行った試験体中、6つの試験体が点灯しなかった。
この結果から、平均直径が1μmより小さいスペーサービーズを用いた有機EL素子においては、ショートやリークが発生するのに対し、本発明の有機EL素子は、屈曲により有機層や電極層における損傷の発生が抑制されることが分かった。
スペーサービーズを設ける密度を400個/cm2とする以外は、上記実施例と同一の方法で有機EL素子を作製し屈曲試験を行った。屈曲試験において、試験を行った試験体中、2つの試験体が点灯しなかった。
この結果から、スペーサービーズを設ける密度が500個/cm2より小さい有機EL素子においては、ショートやリークが発生するのに対し、本発明の有機EL素子は、屈曲により有機層や電極層における損傷の発生が抑制されることが分かった。
2…プラスチックフィルム基材
3…透明電極
4…正孔輸送層
5…スペーサービーズ
6…発光層
7…電子輸送層
8…対向電極
9…樹脂バッファー層
10…封止基板
11…有機発光媒体層
21…塗布ヘッド
22…フロントリップ
23…リアリップ
24…マニホールド
25…スリット
26…配管
27…バルブ
28…定量ポンプ
29…フィルタ
30…塗布液タンク
31…搬送ステージ
Claims (2)
- プラスチックフィルム基材上に、透明電極と、複数のスペーサービーズ及び正孔輸送層を含む有機発光媒体層と、対向電極と、封止基板とがこの順に設けられた有機EL素子の製造方法であって、
正孔輸送材料を含み且つ上記複数のスペーサービーズが分散された溶液を、ダイコート印刷にて、上記透明電極上に塗布する工程を含み、
上記スペーサービーズの体積を球体に換算したときに、上記スペーサービーズの平均直径は1μm以上5μm未満であり、
上記透明電極の厚さ方向からみて、上記透明電極上に位置する上記スペーサービーズの密度を、500個/cm2以上、5000個/cm2以下とすることを特徴とする有機EL素子の製造方法。 - プラスチックフィルム基材上に、透明電極と、有機発光媒体層と、対向電極と、封止基板とがこの順に設けられ、
上記透明電極の面上に沿って配置するようにして、複数のスペーサービーズが上記有機発光媒体層に埋設され、
上記スペーサービーズの体積を球体に換算したときに、上記スペーサービーズの平均直径は1μm以上5μm未満であり、
上記透明電極の厚さ方向からみて、上記透明電極上に位置する上記スペーサービーズの密度は、500個/cm2以上、5000個/cm2以下であることを特徴とする有機EL素子。
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