JP2018016720A - 生分解性促進剤及びそれを含む生分解性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
生分解性促進剤及びそれを含む生分解性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018016720A JP2018016720A JP2016148159A JP2016148159A JP2018016720A JP 2018016720 A JP2018016720 A JP 2018016720A JP 2016148159 A JP2016148159 A JP 2016148159A JP 2016148159 A JP2016148159 A JP 2016148159A JP 2018016720 A JP2018016720 A JP 2018016720A
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- acid
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Abstract
Description
本発明の生分解性促進剤(生分解性改善剤)は、3−ヒドロキシアルカン酸の単独又は共重合体で形成できる。3−ヒドロキシアルカン酸(又は3−ヒドロキシアルカンカルボン酸)としては、例えば、3−ヒドロキシプロパン酸、3−ヒドロキシブタン酸(3−ヒドロキシ酪酸)、3−ヒドロキシペンタン酸(3−ヒドロキシ吉草酸)、3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチル−ブタン酸(3−ヒドロキシイソ吉草酸)、3−ヒドロキシヘキサン酸、3−ヒドロキシへプタン酸、3−ヒドロキシオクタン酸、3−ヒドロキシナノン酸、3−ヒドロキシデカン酸などの3−ヒドロキシC4−12アルカン酸(3−ヒドロキシC3−11アルカン−カルボン酸)などが例示できる。
生分解性を向上させるための樹脂は、連結基として少なくともエステル結合又はアミド結合を有していればよく、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステルアミド樹脂、ポリエステルカーボネート樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂などが例示できる。これらの樹脂は単独で又は二種以上組み合わせて使用できる。これらの樹脂のうち、通常、連結基として少なくともエステル結合を有する樹脂を用いる場合が多い。
ジカルボン酸成分としては、例えば、脂肪族ジカルボン酸、脂環族ジカルボン酸、芳香族ジカルボン酸などが挙げられる。脂肪族ジカルボン酸としては、例えば、アルカンジカルボン酸(例えば、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、デカンジカルボン酸、ドデカン二酸などのC2−16アルカンジ−カルボン酸など)、不飽和脂肪族ジカルボン酸(例えば、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸などのC4−10アルケン−ジカルボン酸など)などが挙げられる。
ジオール成分としては、例えば、脂肪族ジオール、脂環族ジオール、芳香族ジオールなどが挙げられる。脂肪族ジオールとしては、例えば、アルカンジオール(例えば、エチレングリコール、1,2−プロパンジオール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,2−ブタンジオール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,3−ペンタンジオール、1,4−ペンタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコールなどのC2−10アルカンジオールなど)、ポリアルカンジオール(例えば、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールなどのジ又はトリC2−4アルカンジオールなど)などが挙げられる。
重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(東ソー(株)製「HLC−8320GPC」)を用い、試料をクロロホルムに溶解させ、ポリスチレン換算で測定した。
(好気条件での生分解性)
試験体である各ポリエステルについて、JIS K6950のプラスチック−活性汚泥による好気的生分解度試験方法に準拠し、好気条件下で20日後の分解性(分解率)を測定した。なお、「20日間」という処理時間は、一般的なバイオガス化プラントで採用されている処理時間である。
試験体である各ポリエステル0.5gをメタン発酵汚泥40mlに添加し、55℃の高温嫌気条件下で48日後の分解性(バイオガス化率)を測定した。
3−ヒドロキシ酪酸(3HB)40.0gをフラスコに投入し、窒素フロー下、140℃で2時間加熱した。その後、減圧条件下、140℃で24時間加熱して3HBオリゴマーを得た。得られた3HBオリゴマーの数平均分子量は740であった。
ポリブチレンサクシネートPBS(昭和電工(株)製「ビオノーレ1020MD」)を用いた。このPBS 0.5gをクロロホルム20mLに溶解し、得られた樹脂溶液の全量をシャーレ(直径12cm)に注入し、室温で乾燥することにより、試料として樹脂フィルムを調製した。
比較例1のPBSに代えて、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペートPBSAの市販品(昭和電工(株)製「ビオノーレ3020MD」)を用いる以外、比較例1と同様にして、樹脂フィルムを調製した。
比較例1のPBSに代えて、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレートPBAT(BASF社製「ECOFLEX」)を用いる以外、比較例1と同様にして、樹脂フィルムを調製した。
前記比較例1のPBS 0.4gに対して合成例で調製した3HBオリゴマー0.1gを添加し、クロロホルム20mLに溶解し、得られた樹脂溶液の全量をシャーレ(直径12cm)に注入し、室温で乾燥することにより、試料として樹脂フィルムを調製した。
実施例1のPBSに代えて、比較例2のPBSA及び比較例3のPBATを用いる以外、実施例1と同様にして試料を調製した。
Claims (9)
- 3−ヒドロキシアルカン酸の単独又は共重合体を含む生分解性促進剤。
- 3−ヒドロキシアルカン酸が少なくとも3−ヒドロキシC4−12アルカン酸を含む請求項1記載の生分解性促進剤。
- 3−ヒドロキシアルカン酸が少なくとも3−ヒドロキシブタン酸を含む請求項1又は2記載の生分解性促進剤。
- 数平均分子量が180〜8000のオリゴマーである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の生分解性促進剤。
- 連結基として少なくともエステル結合又はアミド結合を有する樹脂と、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の生分解性促進剤とを含む生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂が、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステルアミド樹脂、ポリエステルカーボネート樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂から選択された少なくとも一種である請求項5記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂100重量部に対して生分解性促進剤を0.1〜50重量部の割合で含む請求項5又は6記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物で形成された成形体。
- 連結基として少なくともエステル結合を有する樹脂に、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の生分解性促進剤を添加し、樹脂の生分解を促進する方法。
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