JP2017528511A - 免疫低下された被験体のワクチン接種 - Google Patents
免疫低下された被験体のワクチン接種 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017528511A JP2017528511A JP2017516959A JP2017516959A JP2017528511A JP 2017528511 A JP2017528511 A JP 2017528511A JP 2017516959 A JP2017516959 A JP 2017516959A JP 2017516959 A JP2017516959 A JP 2017516959A JP 2017528511 A JP2017528511 A JP 2017528511A
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Abstract
Description
全身性療法において使用される場合、IFNは、大抵は筋肉内注射によって投与される。筋肉または皮下におけるIFNの注射は、一般に耐容性が良い。最も高頻度の有害効果は、インフルエンザ様症状である:体温上昇、気分が悪い、疲労、頭痛、筋痛、痙攣、眩暈、髪が薄くなるおよび抑うつ。紅斑、疼痛および注射スポットにおける硬さも頻繁に観察される。IFN療法は、特に好中球減少症を介して免疫抑制を引き起こし、尋常でない仕方で顕在化するいくつかの感染をもたらし得る。[33]
免疫調節療法
スタチン
NSAID
インターフェロン
抗精神病薬および抗うつ薬
被験体
アジュバント
・ スクアレン、ポリソルベート80およびソルビタントリオレエートのサブミクロンエマルション。これら3種の構成成分は、10:1:1の容量比または39:47:47の重量比で存在することができる。容量によるエマルションの組成は、約5%スクアレン、約0.5%ポリソルベート80および約0.5%ソルビタントリオレエートとなることができる。重量単位では、これらの比は、4.3%>スクアレン、0.5%>ポリソルベート80および0.48%>ソルビタントリオレエートになる。このアジュバントは、以前に記載された通り、「MF59」として公知である。MF59エマルションは、クエン酸イオン、例えば、10mMクエン酸ナトリウムバッファー等のバッファーを有利に含むことができる。
・ スクアレン、トコフェロールおよびポリソルベート80のエマルション。エマルションは、リン酸緩衝食塩水を含むことができる。これは、Span 85(例えば、1%>で)および/またはレシチンを含むこともできる。このようなエマルションは、2〜10%>スクアレン、2〜10%>トコフェロールおよび0.3〜3%>ポリソルベート80を有することができ、スクアレン:トコフェロールの重量比は、より安定的なエマルションをもたらすことから、好ましくは<1である。スクアレンおよびポリソルベート80は、約5:2の容量比または約11:5の重量比で存在することができる。よって、3種の構成成分(スクアレン、トコフェロール、ポリソルベート80)は、1068:1186:485または55:61:25前後の重量比で存在することができる。斯かるエマルションの1種(「AS03」)は、PBSにTween 80を溶解して2%>溶液を得て、続いてこの溶液の90mlを(5gのDL−a−トコフェロールおよび5mlスクアレン)の混合物と混合し、続いてこの混合物をマイクロフルイダイズすることによって作製することができる。その結果得られるエマルションは、例えば、100〜250nmの間、好ましくは、約180nmの平均直径を有するサブミクロン油滴を有することができる。エマルションは、3−de−O−アシル化モノホスホリルリピドA(3d−MPL)を含むこともできる。この型の別の有用なエマルションは、ヒト用量当たり、0.5〜10mgスクアレン、0.5〜11mgトコフェロールおよび0.1〜4mgポリソルベート80を、例えば上記に論じた比で含むことができる。
・ スクアレン、トコフェロールおよびTriton洗剤(例えば、Triton X−100)のエマルション。このエマルションは、3d−MPL(後述を参照)を含むこともできる。これは、リン酸塩バッファー等のバッファーを含有することができる。
・ ポリソルベート(例えば、ポリソルベート80)、Triton洗剤(例えば、Triton X−100)およびトコフェロール(例えば、a−トコフェロールコハク酸塩)を含むエマルション。このエマルションは、これら3種の構成成分を約75:11:10の質量比で(例えば、750μg/mlポリソルベート80、110μg/ml Triton X−100および100μg/ml a−トコフェロールコハク酸塩)含むことができ、これらの濃度は、抗原からのこれらの構成成分の何らかの寄与を含むべきである。このエマルションは、スクアレンを含むこともできる。このエマルションは、3d−MPL(後述を参照)を含むこともできる。水相は、リン酸塩バッファー等のバッファーを含有することができる。
・ スクアラン、ポリソルベート80およびポロクサマー401(「プルロニック(商標)L121」)のエマルション。このエマルションは、リン酸緩衝食塩水、pH7.4において製剤化することができる。このエマルションは、ムラミルジペプチドに有用な送達媒体であり、「SAF−1」アジュバントにおいてスレオニル−MDPと共に使用されてきた(0.05〜1%Thr−MDP、5%スクアラン、2.5%プルロニックL121および0.2%ポリソルベート80)。これは、「AF」アジュバントにおけるものとして、Thr−MDPなしで使用することもできる(5%スクアラン、1.25%プルロニックL121および0.2%>ポリソルベート80)。マイクロフルイダイゼーションが好ましい。
・ スクアレン、水性溶媒、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル親水性非イオン性界面活性剤(例えば、ポリオキシエチレン(12)セトステアリルエーテル)および疎水性非イオン性界面活性剤(例えば、モノオレイン酸ソルビタンまたは「Span 80」等のソルビタンエステルまたはマンニド(mannide)エステル)を含むエマルション。このエマルションは、好ましくは、熱可逆性である、および/または200nm未満のサイズを有する少なくとも90%の油滴(容量で)を有する。このエマルションは、アルジトール;凍結保護剤(例えば、ドデシルマルトシドおよび/またはショ糖等の糖);および/またはアルキルポリグリコシドのうち1種または複数を含むこともできる。このエマルションは、TLR4アゴニストを含むことができる。斯かるエマルションは、凍結乾燥することができる。
・ スクアレン、ポロクサマー105およびAbil−Careのエマルション。アジュバント化ワクチンにおけるこれらの構成成分の最終濃度(重量)は、5%スクアレン、4%ポロクサマー105(プルロニックポリオール)および2%Abil−Care 85(Bis−PEG/PPG−16/16 PEG/PPG−16/16ジメチコン;トリカプリル/トリカプリン酸グリセリル(caprylic/capric triglyceride))である。
・ 0.5〜50%の油、0.1〜10%のリン脂質および0.05〜5%の非イオン性界面活性剤を有するエマルション。好ましいリン脂質構成成分は、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジン酸、スフィンゴミエリンおよびカルジオリピンである。サブミクロン液滴サイズが有利である。
・ 代謝不能な油(軽油等)および少なくとも1種の界面活性剤(レシチン、Tween 80またはSpan 80等)のサブミクロン水中油型エマルション。QuilAサポニン、コレステロール、サポニン−親油性コンジュゲート(グルクロン酸のカルボキシル基を介したデスアシル(desacyl)サポニンへの脂肪族アミンの付加によって産生されるGPI−0100等)、ジメチルジオクタデシルアンモニウム(dimethyidioctadecylammonium)ブロミドおよび/またはN,N−ジオクタデシル−N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)プロパンジアミン等、添加物が含まれていてもよい。
・ サポニン(例えば、QuilAおよびQS21)およびステロール(例えば、コレステロール)がらせん状ミセルとして会合したエマルション。
・ 鉱物油、非イオン性親油性エトキシ化脂肪アルコールおよび非イオン性親水性界面活性剤(例えば、エトキシ化脂肪アルコールおよび/またはポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー)を含むエマルション。
・ 鉱物油、非イオン性親水性エトキシ化脂肪アルコールおよび非イオン性親油性界面活性剤(例えば、エトキシ化脂肪アルコールおよび/またはポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー)を含むエマルション。
高用量ワクチン
インフルエンザウイルス抗原
医薬組成物
本発明のキット
組成物またはキット構成成分のパッケージング
処置の方法およびワクチンの投与
スタチンレシピエントのための高用量インフルエンザワクチン
総則
1.被験体における免疫応答を増強するための方法であって、
免疫低下したまたは免疫抑制のリスクがある被験体を選択するステップと、
アジュバント、高用量抗原またはこれらの組合せを含むワクチンを、被験体におけるワクチンに対する免疫応答の増強に有効な量で被験体に投与するステップと
を含む方法。
2.免疫応答を増強するための方法であって、
アジュバント、高用量抗原またはこれらの組合せを含むワクチンを、被験体におけるワクチンに対する免疫応答の増強に有効な量で被験体に投与するステップ
を含み、被験体が、免疫低下したまたは免疫抑制のリスクがある方法。
3.ワクチン抗原(複数可)に対する防御免疫応答を誘発するのに有効な量で、免疫調節療法を受けている被験体にワクチンを投与するための方法。
4.免疫低下した被験体を処置するための方法であって、被験体における免疫応答の誘発に有効な量で、医薬組成物を被験体に投与するステップを含む方法。
5.被験体における免疫応答の増強に有効な量での、免疫調節療法を受けている被験体における免疫応答を増強するための方法における使用のための組成物。
6.免疫調節療法中の患者のためのワクチン組成物。
7.免疫調節療法中の患者における使用のためのワクチン組成物。
8.免疫調節療法中の患者における感染の予防のためのワクチン組成物。
9.免疫低下した被験体を処置するための医薬としての使用のための組成物。
10.免疫低下した被験体における免疫応答を生じるための医薬の製造のための組成物の使用。
11.アジュバント化および/または高用量ワクチンを製造するための方法であって、ワクチンが、免疫低下した被験体における使用のためのものである方法。
12.被験体が、損なわれた免疫に関連する状態を有する、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
13.被験体が、スタチン療法、NSAID療法またはこれらの組合せを受けている、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
14.被験体が、
65歳もしくはそれを超える、
60歳もしくはそれを超える、
45歳もしくはそれを超える、
45〜64歳の間である、
18〜64歳の間である、または
乳児である、
先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
15.被験体が、免疫障害に関連する疾患または障害を有する、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
16.被験体が、免疫調節療法中である、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
17.被験体が、少なくとも1週間療法中である、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
18.被験体が、少なくとも2週間、少なくとも3週間、少なくとも4週間またはそれよりも長く療法中である、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
18.被験体が、現在は療法中ではないが、最近の3カ月間以内に療法を受けることが終了した、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
19.被験体が、現在は療法中ではないが、今後3カ月間に療法を受けることを予定している、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
20.被験体が、スタチン療法、NSAID療法、インターフェロン療法、抗精神病薬および/または抗うつ薬療法、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを受けている、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
21.スタチン療法が、合成スタチン、非合成スタチンまたはこれらの組合せを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
22.スタチン療法が、
プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロバスタチンおよびメバスタチン、フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択されるスタチンを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
23.スタチン療法が、
フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択される合成スタチンを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
24.NSAID療法が、次に挙げる、
サリチル酸塩(例えば、アスピリン(アセチルサリチル酸)、ジフルニサル(Dolobid(商標))、サルサレート(Disalcid(商標))およびトリサリチル酸コリンマグネシウム(Trilisate(商標)));プロピオン酸誘導体(例えば、イブプロフェン、デクスイブプロフェン、ナプロキセン、フェノプロフェン、ケトプロフェン、デクスケトプロフェン、フルルビプロフェン、オキサプロジンおよびロキソプロフェン);酢酸誘導体(例えば、インドメタシン、トルメチン、スリンダク、エトドラク、ケトロラク、ジクロフェナク、アセクロフェナクおよびナブメトン);エノール酸(オキシカム)誘導体(例えば、ピロキシカム、メロキシカム、テノキシカム、ドロキシカム、ロルノキシカムおよびイソキシカム);アントラニル酸誘導体(フェナム酸塩)(例えば、メフェナム酸、メクロフェナム酸、フルフェナム酸およびトルフェナム酸);選択的COX−2阻害剤(コキシブ)(例えば、セレコキシブ、ロフェコキシブ、バルデコキシブ、パレコキシブ、ルミラコキシブ、エトリコキシブおよびフィロコキシブ);スルホンアニリド(例えば、ニメスリド)、ならびにリコフェロン、H−ハルパジドおよびリシンクロニキシネート等のその他
のうち1種または複数を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
25.組成物が、アジュバントを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
26.組成物が、界面活性剤を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
27.組成物が、水中油型エマルションを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
28.組成物が、アルミニウム塩アジュバントを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
29.組成物が、リン酸アルミニウムアジュバントおよび/または水酸化アルミニウムアジュバントを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
30.組成物が、TLRアゴニストを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
31.組成物が、ビロソームを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
32.組成物が、スクアレンを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
33.組成物が、ポリソルベートを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
34.組成物が、スクアレン、ポリソルベート80およびソルビタントリオレエートを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
35.組成物が、重量で約4.3%スクアレン、約0.5%ポリソルベート80および約0.48%ソルビタントリオレエートを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
36.組成物が、ワクチンであるまたはこれを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
37.組成物が、抗原であるまたはこれを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
38.組成物が、高用量抗原、標準用量抗原または低用量抗原であるまたはこれを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
39.組成物が、標準用量抗原の量の1/8〜10倍の間の量を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
40.組成物が、標準用量抗原の量の2倍〜10倍の間の量を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
41.組成物が、アジュバントを含有しない、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
42.組成物が、水中油型エマルションアジュバントを含有しない、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
43.組成物が、インフルエンザワクチンである、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
44.組成物が、多価インフルエンザワクチンである、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
45.インフルエンザワクチンが、株当たり約30μg〜約150μgの間の抗原を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
46.インフルエンザワクチンが、株当たり約60μgの抗原を含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
47.インフルエンザワクチンが、H1N1株、H3N2株、B株またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを含む、先行する実施形態のいずれか一つに記載の組成物、方法または使用。
例証
方法
結果
考察
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
被験体における免疫応答を増強するためのワクチンであって、
該ワクチンが、(a)アジュバント、(b)高用量抗原、または(a)および(b)の組合せを含み、
該被験体が、スタチン療法中であるワクチン。
(項目2)
前記アジュバントが、アルミニウム塩アジュバントまたは水中油型エマルションアジュバントである、項目1に記載のワクチン。
(項目3)
前記水中油型エマルションアジュバントが、スクアレンを含み、任意選択で、該水中油型エマルションアジュバントが、界面活性剤をさらに含む、項目1または2に記載のワクチン。
(項目4)
前記水中油型アジュバントが、スクアレン、ポリソルベート80およびソルビタントリオレエートを含み、
該水中油型アジュバントが、重量で約4.3%スクアレン、約0.5%ポリソルベート80および約0.48%ソルビタントリオレエートを任意選択で含む、
項目1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目5)
標準用量抗原の量の1/8〜10倍の間の量、任意選択で、標準用量抗原の量の2倍〜10倍の間の量を含む、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目6)
前記ワクチンが、インフルエンザワクチンであり、該インフルエンザワクチンが、任意選択で、多価インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目7)
前記インフルエンザワクチンが、株当たり約30μg〜約150μgの間の抗原、任意選択で、株当たり約60μgの抗原を含む、項目5または6に記載のワクチン。
(項目8)
前記インフルエンザワクチンが、H1N1株、H3N2株、B株またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを含む、項目6または7に記載のワクチン。
(項目9)
水中油型エマルションアジュバントを含有しない、項目1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目10)
前記被験体が、
a)現在、スタチン療法中であり、任意選択で、該被験体が、少なくとも1週間、少なくとも2週間、少なくとも3週間、少なくとも4週間もしくはそれよりも長くスタチン療法中である、
b)現在はスタチン療法中ではないが、最近の3カ月間以内にスタチン療法を受けることが終了した、または
c)現在はスタチン療法中ではないが、今後3カ月間にスタチン療法を受けることを予定している、
項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目11)
前記被験体が、
a)65歳もしくはそれを超える、
b)60歳もしくはそれを超える、
c)45〜64歳の間である、または
d)18〜64歳の間である、
項目1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目12)
前記被験体が、免疫障害に関連する疾患または障害を有する、項目1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目13)
前記スタチン療法が、合成スタチン、非合成スタチンまたはこれらの組合せを含み、
任意選択で、該スタチン療法が、
プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロバスタチンおよびメバスタチン、フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択されるスタチンを含む、項目1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目14)
前記スタチン療法が、
フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択される合成スタチンを含む、項目13に記載のワクチン。
Claims (14)
- 被験体における免疫応答を増強するためのワクチンであって、
該ワクチンが、(a)アジュバント、(b)高用量抗原、または(a)および(b)の組合せを含み、
該被験体が、スタチン療法中であるワクチン。 - 前記アジュバントが、アルミニウム塩アジュバントまたは水中油型エマルションアジュバントである、請求項1に記載のワクチン。
- 前記水中油型エマルションアジュバントが、スクアレンを含み、任意選択で、該水中油型エマルションアジュバントが、界面活性剤をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載のワクチン。
- 前記水中油型アジュバントが、スクアレン、ポリソルベート80およびソルビタントリオレエートを含み、
該水中油型アジュバントが、重量で約4.3%スクアレン、約0.5%ポリソルベート80および約0.48%ソルビタントリオレエートを任意選択で含む、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。 - 標準用量抗原の量の1/8〜10倍の間の量、任意選択で、標準用量抗原の量の2倍〜10倍の間の量を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記ワクチンが、インフルエンザワクチンであり、該インフルエンザワクチンが、任意選択で、多価インフルエンザワクチンである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記インフルエンザワクチンが、株当たり約30μg〜約150μgの間の抗原、任意選択で、株当たり約60μgの抗原を含む、請求項5または6に記載のワクチン。
- 前記インフルエンザワクチンが、H1N1株、H3N2株、B株またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを含む、請求項6または7に記載のワクチン。
- 水中油型エマルションアジュバントを含有しない、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記被験体が、
a)現在、スタチン療法中であり、任意選択で、該被験体が、少なくとも1週間、少なくとも2週間、少なくとも3週間、少なくとも4週間もしくはそれよりも長くスタチン療法中である、
b)現在はスタチン療法中ではないが、最近の3カ月間以内にスタチン療法を受けることが終了した、または
c)現在はスタチン療法中ではないが、今後3カ月間にスタチン療法を受けることを予定している、
請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。 - 前記被験体が、
a)65歳もしくはそれを超える、
b)60歳もしくはそれを超える、
c)45〜64歳の間である、または
d)18〜64歳の間である、
請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。 - 前記被験体が、免疫障害に関連する疾患または障害を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記スタチン療法が、合成スタチン、非合成スタチンまたはこれらの組合せを含み、
任意選択で、該スタチン療法が、
プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロバスタチンおよびメバスタチン、フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択されるスタチンを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。 - 前記スタチン療法が、
フルバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ロスバスタチンおよびピタバスタチン
からなる群から選択される合成スタチンを含む、請求項13に記載のワクチン。
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