JP2017517110A - バッテリ電極及び方法 - Google Patents
バッテリ電極及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
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- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002620 silicon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021430 silicon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007582 slurry-cast process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0469—Electroforming a self-supporting electrode; Electroforming of powdered electrode material
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年2月9日に出願された“BATTERY ELECTRODE AND METHOD”と題された米国仮特許出願整理番号61/113,921、ならびに、2014年5月22日に出願された“BATTERY ELECTRODE AND METHOD”と題された米国仮特許出願整理番号62/001,952に対する優先権を享受する権利を主張し、その双方の範囲は、その全体において参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
TEOS:EtOH 1:2 (mol:mol) 及び H2O:HCl 200:1 (mol:mol)を含む2つの溶液が、激しく攪拌しながら、別々に調製される。それから、H2O:HCl溶液が、攪拌しながら、TEOS:EtOHに滴下され、1:1のEtOH:H2Oモル比を有するゾルが生成される。このゾルは、70℃で2時間の間熟成され、ポリプロピレンの注射器に入れられ、イノベンソナノスピナNe300マルチノズルエレクトロスピナ(Inovenso Nanospinner Ne300 multinozzle electrospinner)に接続される。先端からコレクタまでの距離は、12cmで固定され、印加電圧は30kVであった。SiO2NFペーパシートが、コレクタから除去され、200℃で真空オーブンに入れられ、真空下で一晩乾燥された。
SiO2 NF ペーパは、帯状にカットされ、1:1のSiO2:Mg の重量比で、−50メッシュMgパウダーを有するスチールキャップブラスユニオンSwagelokリアクタ(steel−capped brass union Swagelok reactors)に入れられる。リアクタは、Ar−充満グローブボックス(0.05ppmO2)内に封止され、すぐに、MTI GSL1600Xクオーツチューブ炉に移される。この炉は、Arで洗浄され、700℃まで、5℃/分で加熱され、2時間保持されて、最後に、強制対流下で、室温まで冷却される。還元されたペーパストリップは、3時間の間、2M HCl に浸され、MgOを除去し、それから、DI H2O 及び EtOHで、数回すすがれる。エッチングされたSiNFペーパストリップは、105℃で、真空下で、一晩乾燥される。SiNFペーパは、クオーツボート内のMTI GSL1600X炉に入れられ、700torrで、0.180SLMのAr及び 30.0SCCMのH2の流れの中で、15分間、950℃まで加熱された。950℃で、30SCCMのC2H2が15分間導入され、それから、システムは、Ar:H2の流れの下に、室温まで冷却された。
C−コーティングされたSiNFペーパは、2032タイプコインセル内部にフィットするようにカットされた。Celgard 3501 PPが、セパレータとして用いられた。Li金属が、3%体積を有する1:1 EC:DMC (v:v)電解質を有する対向電極として用いられた。改善されたサイクル寿命のためのVC添加物。充放電サイクルが、Arbin BT300について実行され、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)と定電圧電気化学インピーダンス顕微鏡(PEIS)測定が、Biologic VMP3について実行された。すべての容量値は、全電極重量(カーボン+シリコン)について計算された。容量は、1C = 4 Ag-1 を用いて決定され、CVは、0.05 mVs-1のスキャンレートを用いて実行された。
例1は、バッテリを含む。バッテリは、複数の多孔性シリコンファイバと、多孔性シリコンファイバの表面部分を覆う導電性コーティングとを含む、第1の電極を含む。バッテリは、第2の電極と、第1の電極および第2の電極の両方に接触する電解質とを更に含む。
Claims (12)
- 複数の多孔性シリコンファイバと、
前記多孔性シリコンファイバの表面部分を覆う導電性コーティングと、
を含む、第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との両方に接触する電解質と、
を含むバッテリ。 - 前記複数の多孔性シリコンファイバは、約150nmより小さい、特性寸法を有する、請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記導電性コーティングは、カーボンを含む、請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記第2の電極は、リチウム金属を含む、請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質は、炭酸エチレンと炭酸ジメチルの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- バッテリ電極を形成する方法であって、
シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造を還元することと、
前記還元されたシリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をエッチングして、多孔性シリコンファイバ構造を形成することと、
前記多孔性シリコンファイバ構造の表面に渡って、導電性コーティングを形成することと、
を含む方法。 - シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造を還元することは、前記シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をマグネシオサーミック還元することを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記還元されたシリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をエッチングすることは、マグネシオサーミック還元の後、マグネシウム部位を選択的にエッチングすることを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 導電性コーティングを形成することは、前記多孔性シリコンの前記表面に渡って、アモルファスカーボンコーティングを熱分解することを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- バッテリ電極を形成する方法であって、
シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をエレクトロスピニングすることと、
前記シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造を還元することと、
前記還元されたシリコン酸化物ファイバをエッチングして、多孔性シリコンファイバ構造を形成することと、
前記多孔性シリコンファイバ構造の表面に渡って、導電性コーティングを形成することと、
を含む方法。 - 前記シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をエレクトロスピニングすることは、TEOS溶液をエレクトロスピニングし、シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造を形成することを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記シリコン酸化物ファイバ構造をエレクトロスピニングすることは、コレクタプレート上の平坦なシリコン酸化物ペーパをエレクトロスピニングすることを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
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