JP2017504449A - 定位式強度変調回転放射線療法の方法およびシステム - Google Patents
定位式強度変調回転放射線療法の方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 患者内の標的に照射する方法であって、外部放射線源から放射線ビームを、外部放射線源を共通のアイソセンターの周りで同心円状に縦方向に回転させ、同時もしくは逐次的に、いずれの順序にも、外部放射線源を横方向に回転させることによって、広範な立体角度内の多数の方向から患者内の標的に向けて送ることを備え、放射線ビームは患者内の標的に照射する、方法。
- 放射線ビームの強度、または放射線ビームのアパーチャの形状、あるいは放射線ビームの強度とアパーチャの形状との両方が、縦方向および/もしくは横方向の回転の様々な点のあらゆる所での照射中に、あるいは外部放射線源を単一の静止位置に維持する間に、変化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 外部放射線源の縦方向回転の速度、または外部放射線源の横方向回転の速度、あるいは外部放射線源の縦方向回転の速度と横方向回転の速度との両方が変化される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 照射中に患者を連続的または不連続的に移動させることをさらに含む、請求項1、2、または3に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの外部放射線源を、照射されるべき標的内に配置されたアイソセンターの周りで同心円状に縦方向および横方向に回転させる球体ガントリであって、アイソセンターと交差する中心軸を有し、以下の構成要素、
(i)球体ガントリの中心軸上に原点位置がある前方開放環、
(ii)前端と後端を有し、円の一部である少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アーム、
(iii)少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アーム上に搭載され、アイソセンターの周りで横方向の回転をなすように円弧状のガントリ支持アームに沿って移動することが可能な外部放射線源、
(iv)任意選択で、少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アーム上に、球体ガントリの外部放射線源とは反対の側に搭載されたビームストッパ、
(v)球体ガントリの中心軸に軸が沿った後方回転心棒
(vi)支持基部、および、
(vii)電源と、球体ガントリの構成要素を移動させる機構と、球体ガントリの構成要素の移動と患者内の標的への照射とを制御する制御器とを備える後方ハウジング、を備え、前方開放環は、少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アームの前端に取り付けられ、後方回転心棒は、少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アームの後端に取り付けられ、前方開放環および後方回転心棒は支持基部および後方ハウジングによって支持され、前方開放環および後方回転心棒は中心軸の周りで回転して、外部放射線源を縦方向に回転させることが可能である、球体ガントリ。 - 外部放射線源が直線加速器または放射線同位体遠隔療法装置である、請求項5に記載の球体ガントリ。
- 外部放射線源が、それが搭載される少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アームの長さに沿って可変速度で移動することが可能である、請求項5または6に記載の球体ガントリ。
- 外部放射線源が少なくとも1つの円弧状のガントリ支持アーム上に固定され、円弧状のガントリ支持アームおよび後方回転心棒が並進されて外部放射線源を横方向に可変速度で回転させる、請求項5または6に記載の球体ガントリ。
- 球体ガントリの中心軸の配向が、水平方向から実質的垂直方向もしくは垂直方向に変更されることが可能であり、その場合、後方ハウジングは縦方向に回転し、球体ガントリと共に水平位置と垂直位置の間で旋回することが可能である、請求項5、6、7、または8に記載の球体ガントリ。
- 180°の縦方向角度だけ離隔された少なくとも2つの円弧状のガントリ支持アーム、あるいは180°の縦方向角度だけ対同士が離隔された少なくとも2対の隣接し合った円弧状のガントリ支持アームを備える、請求項5、6、7、8、または9に記載の球体ガントリ。
- 患者内の標的に照射するシステムであって、以下の構成要素、
(i)請求項5、6、7、8、9、または10に記載の球体ガントリ、
(ii)球体ガントリの中心軸に沿って位置決めされ、第1端と第2端を備える患者プラットフォーム、
(iii)患者プラットフォームを支持する患者プラットフォーム支持体、および任意選択で、
(iv)患者をシステムの残りの部分から離隔する遮蔽体、を備えるシステム。 - 患者プラットフォームが、患者プラットフォームの長さまたはZ次元に沿ったいずれの方向にも、患者プラットフォームの幅またはX次元に沿ったいずれの方向にも、かつ/あるいは患者プラットフォームの上もしくは下またはY方向のいずれの方向にも、独立的に移動されることが可能であり、そのような移動は、外部放射線源の縦方向回転および横方向回転と同期している、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 構成要素が、
(v)少なくとも2つの直線支持梁、
(vi)X線管、および
(vii)X線検出器アレイ、をさらに備え、
X線管は、球体ガントリの片側の少なくとも1つの直線支持梁に搭載され、X線検出器アレイは、球体ガントリのX線管とは反対の側の少なくとも1つの直線支持梁に搭載され、それらが搭載された少なくとも2つの直線支持梁の長さに沿って移動することが可能であり、
少なくとも2つの直線支持梁は球体ガントリの中心軸と平行であり、球体ガントリの回転とは無関係に回転するように、球体ガントリの前方環上に搭載された軸受によって前端で、球体ガントリの後方回転心棒と同軸であるがそれとは別個の軸受によって後端で支持される、請求項11または12に記載のシステム。 - X線検出器アレイが一次元式または多次元式である、請求項13のシステム。
- 構成要素が、(viii)コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)画像システム、磁気共鳴画像(MRI)システム、または同軸にまたは非同軸に、球体ガントリの前方開放環に取り付けられた、もしくは隣接して位置決めされた陽電子放出型断層撮影(PET)/コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)画像システム、をさらに備えることが可能であり、CT画像システム、MRIシステム、またはPET/CT画像システムは搭載式の画像案内を提供することが可能である、請求項13または14に記載のシステム。
- 請求項15のシステムを使用して画像案内の下で患者内の標的に照射する方法であって、
i)X線管とX線検出器の複合体を使用して、またはCT、MRI、もしくはPET/CT画像システムを使用して治療位置内の患者を撮像すること、
ii)患者を連続的または不連続的に移動させながら、外部放射線源から強度変調放射線ビームを、外部放射線源を中心軸の周りで縦方向に回転させ、同時もしくは逐次的に、いずれの順序にも、外部放射線源を横方向に回転させることによって、広範な立体角度内の多数の方向から治療位置内の患者内の標的に向けて送ることによって病巣放射線量を送達するための治療計画を立てること、
iii)a)の撮像と同じセットアップの患者プラットフォーム上に残っている患者への治療計画に従って治療を実施すること、
iv)放射線治療中、患者の両側にある直線支持梁上に搭載されたX線管およびX線検出器アレイと使用して患者を撮像すること、を備え
患者の解剖学的構造内に1つまたは複数の変化が検出される場合、治療実施の1つまたは複数のパラメータが調整され、
患者内の標的が治療計画に従って照射される、方法。 - 治療実施のパラメータには、患者支持プラットフォームの位置と、マルチリーフコリメータの形状と、ビームの縦方向角度と、ビームの横方向角度と、ビームの強度とが含まれる、請求項16に記載の方法。
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