JP2017501870A - リン含有fcc触媒 - Google Patents
リン含有fcc触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017501870A JP2017501870A JP2016541429A JP2016541429A JP2017501870A JP 2017501870 A JP2017501870 A JP 2017501870A JP 2016541429 A JP2016541429 A JP 2016541429A JP 2016541429 A JP2016541429 A JP 2016541429A JP 2017501870 A JP2017501870 A JP 2017501870A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- component
- rare earth
- microspheres
- phosphorus
- zeolite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 27
- -1 Ni and V Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical class [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001682 nordstrandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/085—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/14—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/146—Y-type faujasite
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Abstract
Description
接触分解は、極めて大規模に商業的に適用される石油精製法の一つである。接触分解、特に流動接触分解(FCC)は、重質炭化水素原料を例えばガソリンや蒸留範囲の留分といったより軽質の生成物に転化するために日常的に用いられている。FCC法では、炭化水素原料がFCC装置のライザー部に注入され、このライザー部において、触媒再生塔からこのライザーリアクターへと循環された高温の触媒との接触時にこの原料がクラッキングされて、より軽質でより価値の高い生成物となる。
本発明の一態様は、残渣油フィードを処理するための流動接触分解(FCC)触媒組成物を対象とする。様々な実施形態を以下に列挙する。以下に列挙する実施形態は、以下に列挙する通りにしか組み合わせることができないものではなく、本発明の範囲に応じた他の適切な組み合わせで組み合わせることができるものと理解されたい。
本発明のいくつかの例示的な実施形態の説明に当たり、本発明は以下の説明に記載された構成または方法ステップの詳細に限定されないものと理解されたい。本発明は他の実施形態が可能であり、また様々な方法で実施または実行されることができる。
本発明の第1の態様は、残渣油フィードの精製のための流動接触分解(FCC)触媒組成物を対象とする。1つ以上の実施形態において、前記FCC触媒組成物は、以下:非ゼオライト系成分、遷移アルミナ5〜25質量%、前記非ゼオライト系成分と連晶をなしているゼオライト成分20〜95質量%、希土類成分、および酸化物ベースでリン成分1〜5質量%を含む触媒微小球を含む。1つ以上の実施態様において、前記非ゼオライト系成分、前記遷移アルミナ、前記非ゼオライト系成分内で連晶をなしている前記ゼオライト成分、および前記希土類成分を含む希土類含有微小球を形成し、さらに前記希土類含有微小球にリン成分を添加し、それにより前記触媒微小球を準備することによって前記触媒微小球が得られる。1つ以上の実施態様において、前記FCC触媒組成物は、炭化水素のクラッキング時にコークおよび水素の収率がニッケルおよびバナジウムのうちの少なくとも一方によって増加されることを防ぐのに有効である。
実施例1:
カウレス(Cowles)ミキサーを用いて混合しながら、固形分を49%とした焼成カオリン(ムライト)(36.6kg)のスラリーを、固形分59%の含水カオリン(25.9kg)に添加した。次に、混合下のこのクレースラリーに、固形分56%のベーマイトアルミナ(14kg)のスラリーをゆっくりと添加し、5分超にわたって混合した。この混合物をスクリーンに通し、噴霧乾燥機の供給槽に移した。このクレー/ベーマイトスラリーを、アトマイザーに入る直前に列をなして注入されたケイ酸ナトリウムと共に噴霧乾燥した。ケイ酸ナトリウム(20.2kg、モル比3.22)を、1.14リットル/分 スラリー:0.38リットル/分 ケイ酸塩の計量比で使用した。微小球のための目標粒径は、80ミクロンであった。この形成された微小球を30分間スラリー化し、かつ硫酸を用いて3.5〜4のpHを維持することによって、この微小球からバインダーナトリウムを除去した。最後に、この酸で中和された微小球を乾燥させ、かつ1350〜1500°Fで2時間焼成した。この微小球を処理することにより、インサイチュ結晶化法を用いてY型ゼオライト60〜65%を成長させた。結晶化されたNaY微小球の試料(250g)を硝酸アンモニウムを用いてイオン交換することにより、2.0%のNa2Oが達成された。その後、希土類を添加して2質量%のREOとした。この希土類交換された試料を1000°Fで2時間焼成することによって、触媒を安定化させ、かつゼオライトナトリウムの除去を促進した。焼成後、一連の硝酸アンモニウムイオン交換を行うことにより、Na2Oを<0.2質量%にした。最後に、ナトリウムが減少した状態で第2の焼成を1100°Fで2時間行うことによって、触媒をさらに安定化させ、かつ単位格子サイズを減少させた。循環するライザー装置内の残渣油触媒を測定するために、イオン交換およびP処理のための25ガロンの反応容器とパンフィルターとを用いた処理の後に、試料(20kg)を調製した。マッフル炉中の覆われたトレイ中で焼成を完了させた。この触媒組成物にさらに、3000ppmのニッケルおよび2500ppmのバナジウムを含浸させ、かつ1350〜1500°Fでのスチームの存在下での酸化と還元との周期的な条件下にエージング処理した。この触媒組成物の触媒の活性および選択性を、Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)リアクターおよびプロトコルを用いて測定する。
カウレスミキサーを用いて混合しながら、固形分を49%とした焼成カオリン(ムライト)(36.6kg)のスラリーを、固形分59%の含水カオリン(25.9kg)に添加した。次に、混合下のこのクレースラリーに、固形分56%のベーマイトアルミナ(14kg)のスラリーをゆっくりと添加し、5分超にわたって混合した。この混合物をスクリーンに通し、噴霧乾燥機の供給槽に移した。このクレー/ベーマイトスラリーを、アトマイザーに入る直前に列をなして注入されたケイ酸ナトリウムと共に噴霧乾燥した。ケイ酸ナトリウム(20.2kg、モル比3.22)を、1.14リットル/分 スラリー:0.38リットル/分 ケイ酸塩の計量比で使用した。微小球のための目標粒径は、80ミクロンであった。この形成された微小球を30分間スラリー化し、かつ硫酸を用いて3.5〜4のpHを維持することによって、この微小球からバインダーナトリウムを除去した。最後に、酸で中和された微小球を乾燥させ、かつ1350〜1500°Fで2時間焼成した。この微小球を処理することにより、インサイチュ結晶化法を用いてY型ゼオライト60〜65%を成長させた。結晶化されたNaY微小球の試料(250g)を硝酸アンモニウムを用いてイオン交換することにより、2.0%のNa2Oが達成された。このナトリウムを調節した試料をリンで処理して、1.5%のP2O5とした。その後、希土類(ランタン)を添加して2質量%のREOとした。このリンおよび希土類交換された試料を1000°Fで2時間焼成することによって、触媒を安定化させ、かつゼオライトナトリウムの除去を促進した。焼成後、一連の硝酸アンモニウムイオン交換を行うことにより、Na2Oを<0.2質量%にした。所望のナトリウム水準になったら、第2のリン処理を行うことによって、全P2O5を3%に高めた。最後に、ナトリウムが減少した状態で第2の焼成を1100°Fで2時間行うことによって、触媒をさらに安定化させ、かつ単位格子サイズを減少させた。循環するライザー装置内のP修飾された残渣油触媒を測定するために、イオン交換およびP処理のための25ガロンの反応容器とパンフィルターとを用いた処理の後に、試料(20kg)を調製した。マッフル炉中の覆われたトレイ中で焼成を完了させた。この触媒組成物にさらに、3000ppmのニッケルおよび2500ppmのバナジウムを含浸させ、かつ1350〜1500°Fでのスチームの存在下での酸化と還元との周期的な条件下にエージング処理した。この触媒組成物の触媒の活性および選択性を、Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)リアクターおよびプロトコルを用いて測定する。
実施例1の触媒を、金属含浸および失活の前に別個の粒子バナジウムトラップと組み合わせ、かつこの触媒組成物の触媒の活性および選択性を、Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)リアクターおよびプロトコルを用いて測定する。
実施例2の触媒を、金属含浸および失活の前に別個の粒子バナジウムトラップと組み合わせ、かつこの触媒組成物の触媒の活性および選択性を、Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)リアクターおよびプロトコルを用いて測定する。
転化率70%での特性決定および触媒試験結果を、第1表に示す。
上記の実施例3および4は、上記で説明した手順に従って準備を行い、かつ汚染金属(3000ppmのNiおよび2500ppmのV)を負荷させ、次いで熱水により失活させた後に、2つの異なる種類のフィードを使用してパイロットスケールのFCC装置内で試験を行った。
実施例2における処理に続き、2質量%の希土類含分を有する試料を作製した。リンは合計でP2O5 3%であった。
実施例2における処理と同様に試料を作製し、その際、実施例2に記載の第2の適用段階時にのみリンの添加を行った。希土類はREO 2%であり、かつ、一段階で添加されたリンは合計P2O5 3%であった。
実施例1の微小球を用いて、2質量%の希土類含分を有するFCC触媒を作製した。
1350°F/2時間/スチーム100%での予備スチーミング処理、
3000ppmのNiおよび3000ppmのVの含浸
1500°F/5時間/スチーム90%および空気10%でのスチーミング処理
触媒評価を第2表に示す。70質量%の一定の転化率での結果を示す。
Claims (19)
- 残渣油フィードを処理するための流動接触分解(FCC)触媒組成物であって、以下:
非ゼオライト系成分、遷移アルミナ5〜25質量%、前記非ゼオライト系成分と連晶をなしているゼオライト成分20〜65質量%、希土類成分、および酸化物ベースでリン成分1〜5質量%を含む触媒微小球
を含む前記FCC触媒組成物において、
前記非ゼオライト系成分、前記遷移アルミナ、前記非ゼオライト系成分内で連晶をなしている前記ゼオライト成分、およびイットリアまたは希土類成分を含む希土類含有微小球を形成し、さらに前記希土類含有微小球に前記リン成分を添加し、それにより前記触媒微小球を準備することによって前記触媒微小球が得られ、前記FCC触媒組成物は、炭化水素のクラッキング時にコークおよび水素の収率がニッケルおよびバナジウムのうちの少なくとも一方によって増加されることを防ぐのに有効である、前記FCC触媒組成物。 - 非ゼオライト系成分が、カオリナイト、ハロイサイト、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、カオリン、非晶質カオリン、メタカオリン、ムライト、スピネル、含水カオリン、クレー、ギブサイト(アルミナ三水和物)、ベーマイト、チタニア、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、シリカ−マグネシア、マグネシアおよびセピオライトからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- リン成分が、酸化物ベースでP2O5 2質量%〜約4.0質量%の範囲内で存在する、請求項2に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- 希土類成分が、セリア、ランタナ、プラセオジミアおよびネオジミアのうちの1つ以上から選択される、請求項3に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- 希土類成分がランタナであり、かつ前記ランタナが酸化物ベースで1質量%〜約5.0質量%の範囲内で存在する、請求項4に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- リン成分が、酸化物ベースでP2O5 2質量%および約3.5質量%の範囲内で存在する、請求項5に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- 微小球が酸化物ベースでP2O5 約2.5〜3.5質量%のリンの水準を有し、かつ希土類金属成分が酸化物ベースで約2〜3質量%の量で存在する、請求項6に記載のFCC触媒組成物。
- 炭化水素フィードを請求項1に記載の触媒と接触させることを含む、流動接触分解条件下に炭化水素フィードをクラッキングする方法。
- 非ゼオライト系マトリックス成分が、カオリナイト、ハロイサイト、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、カオリン、非晶質カオリン、メタカオリン、ムライト、スピネル、含水カオリン、クレー、ギブサイト(アルミナ三水和物)、ベーマイト、チタニア、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、シリカ−マグネシア、マグネシアおよびセピオライトからなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- リン成分が、酸化物ベースでP2O5 1質量%〜約5.0質量%の範囲内で存在する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 希土類成分が、セリア、ランタナ、プラセオジミアおよびネオジミアのうちの1つ以上から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 希土類成分がランタナであり、かつ前記ランタナが酸化物ベースで1質量%〜約5.0質量%の範囲内で存在する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 微小球が酸化物ベースでP2O5 約2.5〜3.5質量%のリンの水準を有し、かつ希土類金属成分が触媒の質量を基準として約2〜3質量%の量で存在する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- FCC触媒の製造方法であって、以下:
非ゼオライト系材料とアルミナとを含む前駆体微小球を予備形成すること;
前記予備形成された微小球上でゼオライトをインサイチュで結晶化させることにより、ゼオライト含有微小球を準備すること;
前記ゼオライト含有微小球に希土類成分を添加することにより、希土類含有微小球を準備すること;および
前記希土類含有前駆体微小球にリン成分を添加することにより、触媒微小球を準備すること
を含む、前記方法。 - リン酸二アンモニウムとの接触によりリン成分を添加する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 希土類成分がランタナを含み、前記ランタナをイオン交換により添加する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- さらに、ゼオライト含有微小球にリン成分を添加することを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 希土類成分とリン成分とを別個のステップで連続的に添加する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- リン成分の一部を添加し、その後に希土類成分とイオン交換し、その後にさらなるリン成分を添加することを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2014/069816 WO2015094922A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-11 | Phosphorus-containing fcc catalyst |
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