JP2017132802A - ヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ活性剤の使用 - Google Patents
ヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ活性剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、化合物(I)、又は、化合物(I)若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物により、対象者においてヒストンアセチル化、学習、記憶及び/又は認知を強化するための方法を提供する。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、米国国立神経疾患・脳卒中研究所(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke:NINDS)によって授与されるR01−NS049442の下、および米国国立老化研究所(National Institute of Aging:NIA)によって授与されるAG034248の下、政府支援とともに成された。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者においてヒストンアセチル化を増加させるための方法を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶保持を改善するための方法を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶喪失または学習障害を治療するための方法を対象とする。
一部の実施形態において、該方法および組成物は、対象者において記憶喪失または学習障害に関する罹患を治療、抑制、および/または予防するために有用である。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者においてヒストンアセチル化を増加させるための方法を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶保持を改善するための方法を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶喪失または学習障害を治療するための方法を対象とする。
一部の実施形態において、該方法および組成物は、対象者において記憶喪失または学習障害に関する罹患を治療、抑制、および/または予防するために有用である。
「化合物(I)」または「化合物1」という用語は、本明細書において使用される際、式Iまたは1として指定される化合物を意味する。それは、本明細書において、「YF2」または「OA2」とも称される。
ヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)およびヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(HAT)は、コアヒストンタンパク質のアミノ末端の近傍に位置するリジンのεアミノ基を選択的に脱アセチル化またはアセチル化することによって、転写に影響する酵素である。クロマチンアセチル化は、転写活性(ユークロマチン)と相関するが、脱アセチル化は、遺伝子サイレンシングと相関する。興味深いことに、海馬(長期記憶において重要な役割を果たす脳の領域)の領域CA1におけるH3の増加したアセチル化は、連想記憶後に生じるということが示された。さらに、HDACを阻害することによって、それらは、クロマチンにおける変化を操作し、長期記憶の形成を強化することができた。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者においてヒストンアセチル化を増加させるための薬剤の調製における、化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶保持を改善するための薬剤の調製における、化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用を対象とする。
一態様において、本発明は、対象者において記憶喪失または学習障害を治療するための薬剤の調製における、化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用を対象とする。
本発明を、以下の非限定的な実施例によってさらに説明する。
スキーム1:化合物1の合成。
化合物1の調製はカラムを用いず、透明および油状の2つの相が目に見えた。その後、化合物1(50mg/kg、腹腔内)をマウスに投与した。化合物1のデス−エトキシ類似体、MOMも、カニューレを介して投与した(各側につき100μg/μL)。その投与の2時間および4時間後、マウスを殺処理し、海馬を抽出した。興味深いことに、MOMがBBBを横断しなかった一方で、YF2(化合物1)は、BBBを横断し、細胞に浸透し、AcH3を増加させることができた(レーン1対レーン9、10)(図1)。化合物が100%清浄ではなく、さらに精製/検証されることが必要であったことを考慮すると、より多くの化合物1が合成および精製された。純度は、核磁気共鳴(NMR)分光学を通じて検証した。マウスに、5、10、20mg/Kgで化合物1(腹腔内、食塩水中に溶解)を投与した。海馬抽出は、3つの異なる時点(処理の0.5、1、および2時間後)で行った。次いで、AcH3に関するウエスタンブロットを実施した。YF2の1時間−10mg/kgの投与を除き、YF2は、AcH3レベルを劇的に増加させ(図2)、YF2(化合物1)がBBBおよび細胞膜を横断することを示す。
HDAC阻害は、ヒストンアセチル化における増加を引き起こす。本発明者は、ヒストンアセチル化がHDAC阻害を介して生じるかどうかを検査した。結果の要約を表1に描写する。化合物(化合物1およびSAHA)の中間IC50値を、表1に要約する。
材料:
HDACアッセイ緩衝剤(BPSカタログ番号50031)
HDACアッセイ顕色剤(BPSカタログ番号50030)
HDAC基質1(BPS番号50032)
HDAC基質3(BPS番号50037)
HDACクラス2a 基質1(BPS番号50040)
SAHA(Cayman Chemical、アナーバー、ミシガン州、カタログ番号10009929)
**SAHA、およびHDACi、HDACに対する陽性対照である。
表3.酵素および基質
表4.HDAC1アッセイ―HDAC1活性における化合物1の効果に対するデータ
SAHAは、HDAC阻害剤(HDACi)である。それは、HDACに対する陽性対照として働く。図13〜15は、HDAC、HDAC1、HDAC3/NCOR2、およびHDAC6におけるSAHAの阻害効果を示す。SAHAはまた、HDAC5FL、HDAC7、HDAC8、HDAC10、サーチュイン1、およびサーチュイン2(表1を参照されたい)を阻害した。
化合物1の薬物動態(PK)および血液脳関門(BBB)浸透能力を、評価した。BALB/cマウスへの20mg/kgの腹腔内および静脈内投与後、血漿および脳濃度を、LC−MS/MSによって判定した。表14内のデータは、化合物1が脳において迅速に吸収されることを示す(15分でTmax)。
CBP、PCAF、およびGCN5に対するYF2 EC50は、それぞれ2.75μΜ、29.04μΜ、および49.31μΜである。
経口投与される化合物1の薬物動態特性が、図17および表15に示され、脳における化合物1の量が、血漿よりも高いことを示す。
コンテキスト恐怖条件付けは、化合物1が記憶を強化することが可能かどうかを評価するために実施した。このタイプの認知試験は、複数日のトレーニングおよび試験を必要とする他の挙動タスクよりもはるかに速い(J Clin Invest,2004.114(11):1624−34;その全体として参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)。条件付けチャンバーは、防音箱中にあった。透明なPlexiglas窓は、実験者が、脚上に配置され、Freezeframeソフトウェア(MED Ass.Inc.)に接続されたカメラを用いてマウスの能力を撮影することを可能にした。バックグラウンドの白色雑音(72dB)を得るため、単一のコンピュータファンを、防音チャンバーの側面の一方に装着した。条件付けチャンバーは、36本のバーで絶縁されたショックグリッド床を有した。床は取り外し可能であり、各実験課題後、それを、75%エタノール、次いで、水で洗浄した。一度に1匹のみの動物が、実験室に存在した。
コンテキスト恐怖学習を評価するために、マウスがトレーニングの24時間後にトレーニングされたチャンバーにおいて、すくみを5分間(連続して)測定した。手掛かり恐怖学習を評価するために、コンテキスト試験後、マウスを、新規コンテキスト(平滑な平坦床を有する三角形のケージ)に2分間(CS試験前)配置し、その後、それらを、CSに3分間曝露し(CS試験)、すくみを測定した。ショックの感覚知覚を閾値評価を通じて判定した。単一のフットショックの配列を、恐怖条件付けのために使用した同一帯電体グリッド上に配置した動物に送達した。最初に、0.1mVのショックを1秒間送達し、その動物行動を尻込み、跳躍、および啼鳴に対して評価した。30秒間隔で、そのショック強度を0.1mV〜0.7mVまで増加させ、次いで30秒間隔で0.1mV増分において、0mVに戻した。啼鳴、尻込み、および次いで跳躍の闘値を、各動物がフットショックに対して行動応答を表すショック強度を平均化することによって、各動物に対して定量化した。
化合物1は、活性依存的可塑性および記憶に必要な重要タンパク質である、BDNFのレベルを増加させる。CBPは、シナプス可塑性および記憶形成を促進することが知られる脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)(Cowansage,K.K.,J.E.LeDoux,and M.H.Monfils,Brain−derived neurotrophic factor:a dynamic gatekeeper of neural plasticity.Current molecular pharmacology,2010.3(1):p.12−29;Caccamo,A.,et al.,CBP gene transfer increases BDNF levels and ameliorates learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010.107(52):p.22687−92;各々は、その全体として参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)などの活性依存的可塑性および記憶に必要な重要タンパク質の転写を促進することが示された(Korzus,E.,M.G.Rosenfeld,and M.Mayford,CBP histone acetyltransferase activity is a critical component of memory consolidation.Neuron,2004.42(6):p.961−72;その全体として参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)。興味深いことに、BDNFは、AD患者およびAD動物モデルの脳において検出される低減されたBDNFレベルを伴って、AD病因に関与すると提唱された(Hock,C,et al.,Region−specific neurotrophin imbalances in Alzheimer disease:decreased levels of brain−derived neurotrophic factor and increased levels of nerve growth factor in hippocampus and cortical areas.Archives of neurology,2000.57(6):p.846−51;Connor,B.,et al,Brain−derived neurotrophic factor is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease.Brain research.Molecular brain research,1997.49(1−2):p.71−81;Garzon,D.J.and M.Fahnestock,Oligomeric amyloid decreases basal levels of brain−derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)mRNA via specific downregulation of BDNF transcripts IV and V in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells.The Journal of Neuroscience:The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience,2007.27(10):p.2628−35;各々は、その全体として参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)。このため、化合物1の有効性に関する予備研究は、BDNFまで拡張された。Αβ注入マウスの海馬におけるBDNFレベルを、ビヒクル注入動物と比較して測定した。AD患者およびADの動物モデルの脳におけるBDNFレベルの減少と一致して、Αβ注入後のBDNFレベルの低減が見出された(図23)。この効果は、化合物1によって救済された(20mg/kg、腹腔内、海馬採取の90分前、図23)。興味深いことに、BDNFの基礎レベルが記憶形成に関連する遺伝子転写機構の刺激後に増加するという観察と一致して、化合物1は、ビヒクル注入マウスにおいて、BDNFレベルを増加させた(図23)(Arancio,O.and M.V.Chao,Neurotrophins,synaptic plasticity and dementia.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2007.17(3):p.325−30;その全体として参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)。
〔1〕対象者において学習又は記憶を強化するための方法であって、前記対象者に、治療有効量の化合物(I):
〔2〕前記対象者が、神経変性状態又は疾患に罹患していない、前記〔1〕に記載の方法。
〔3〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、副腎白質ジストロフィー(ALD)、アルコール依存症、アレキサンダー病、アルパーズ病、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ルー・ゲーリック病又はALS)、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症、バッテン病(シュピールマイアー・フォークト・シェーグレン・バッテン病)、牛海綿状脳症(BSE)、カナバン病、コケーン症候群、大脳皮質基底核変性症、クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、致死性家族性不眠症、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、HIV関連認知症、ケネディ病、クラッベ病、レビー小体認知症、神経ボレリア症、マシャド・ジョセフ病(3型脊髄小脳失調)、多系統萎縮症、多発性硬化症、ナルコレプシー、ニーマン・ピック病、パーキンソン病、ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病、ピック病、原発性側索硬化症、プリオン病、進行性核上まひ、レット症候群、タウ陽性前頭側頭認知症、タウ陰性前頭側頭認知症、レフサム病、サンドホフ病、シルダー病、悪性貧血に続発する亜急性脊髄連合変性症、脊髄小脳失調(様々な特徴を伴う複数の型)、脊髄性筋萎縮症、スティール・リチャードソン・オルスゼフスキー病、脊髄癆及び中毒性脳症から成る群より選択される、前記〔2〕に記載の方法。
〔4〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、アルツハイマーである、前記〔2〕又は〔3〕に記載の方法。
〔5〕前記対象者が、哺乳類である、前記〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔6〕前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約1mg/kg体重、少なくとも約2mg/kg体重、少なくとも約3mg/kg体重、少なくとも約4mg/kg体重、少なくとも約5mg/kg体重、少なくとも約6mg/kg体重、少なくとも約7mg/kg体重、少なくとも約8mg/kg体重、少なくとも約9mg/kg体重、少なくとも約10mg/kg体重、少なくとも約15mg/kg体重、少なくとも約20mg/kg体重、少なくとも約25mg/kg体重、少なくとも約30mg/kg体重、少なくとも約40mg/kg体重、少なくとも約50mg/kg体重、少なくとも約75mg/kg体重、又は少なくとも約100mg/kg体重である、前記〔1〕〜〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔7〕対象者においてヒストンアセチル化を増加させるための方法であって、前記対象者に、化合物(I):
〔8〕ヒストンアセチル化は、ヒストンH2B、H3、H4、又はこれらの組み合わせのアセチル化を含む、前記〔7〕に記載の方法。
〔9〕ヒストンアセチル化は、ヒストンリジン残基H3K4、H3K9、H3K14、H4K5、H4K8、H4K12、H4K16、又はこれらの組み合わせのアセチル化を含む、前記〔7〕又は〔8〕に記載の方法。
〔10〕前記対象者の学習又は記憶が、強化される、前記〔7〕〜〔9〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔11〕前記対象者が、神経変性状態又は疾患に罹患していない、前記〔7〕〜〔10〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔12〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、副腎白質ジストロフィー(ALD)、アルコール依存症、アレキサンダー病、アルパーズ病、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ルー・ゲーリック病又はALS)、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症、バッテン病(シュピールマイアー・フォークト・シェーグレン・バッテン病)、牛海綿状脳症(BSE)、カナバン病、コケーン症候群、大脳皮質基底核変性症、クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、致死性家族性不眠症、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、HIV関連認知症、ケネディ病、クラッベ病、レビー小体認知症、神経ボレリア症、マシャド・ジョセフ病(3型脊髄小脳失調)、多系統萎縮症、多発性硬化症、ナルコレプシー、ニーマン・ピック病、パーキンソン病、ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病、ピック病、原発性側索硬化症、プリオン病、進行性核上まひ、レット症候群、タウ陽性前頭側頭認知症、タウ陰性前頭側頭認知症、レフサム病、サンドホフ病、シルダー病、悪性貧血に続発する亜急性脊髄連合変性症、脊髄小脳失調(様々な特徴を伴う複数の型)、脊髄性筋萎縮症、スティール・リチャードソン・オルスゼフスキー病、脊髄癆及び中毒性脳症から成る群より選択される、前記〔11〕に記載の方法。
〔13〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、アルツハイマーである、前記〔11〕又は〔12〕に記載の方法。
〔14〕対象者において記憶保持を改善するための方法であって、前記対象者に、治療有効量の化合物(I):
〔15〕前記対象者が、神経変性状態又は疾患に罹患していない、前記〔14〕に記載の方法。
〔16〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、副腎白質ジストロフィー(ALD)、アルコール依存症、アレキサンダー病、アルパーズ病、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ルー・ゲーリック病又はALS)、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症、バッテン病(シュピールマイアー・フォークト・シェーグレン・バッテン病)、牛海綿状脳症(BSE)、カナバン病、コケーン症候群、大脳皮質基底核変性症、クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、致死性家族性不眠症、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、HIV関連認知症、ケネディ病、クラッベ病、レビー小体認知症、神経ボレリア症、マシャド・ジョセフ病(3型脊髄小脳失調)、多系統萎縮症、多発性硬化症、ナルコレプシー、ニーマン・ピック病、パーキンソン病、ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病、ピック病、原発性側索硬化症、プリオン病、進行性核上まひ、レット症候群、タウ陽性前頭側頭認知症、タウ陰性前頭側頭認知症、レフサム病、サンドホフ病、シルダー病、悪性貧血に続発する亜急性脊髄連合変性症、脊髄小脳失調(様々な特徴を伴う複数の型)、脊髄性筋萎縮症、スティール・リチャードソン・オルスゼフスキー病、脊髄癆及び中毒性脳症から成る群より選択される、前記〔15〕に記載の方法。
〔17〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、アルツハイマーである、前記〔15〕又は〔16〕に記載の方法。
〔18〕前記対象者が、哺乳類である、前記〔14〕〜〔17〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔19〕前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約1mg/kg体重、少なくとも約2mg/kg体重、少なくとも約3mg/kg体重、少なくとも約4mg/kg体重、少なくとも約5mg/kg体重、少なくとも約6mg/kg体重、少なくとも約7mg/kg体重、少なくとも約8mg/kg体重、少なくとも約9mg/kg体重、少なくとも約10mg/kg体重、少なくとも約15mg/kg体重、少なくとも約20mg/kg体重、少なくとも約25mg/kg体重、少なくとも約30mg/kg体重、少なくとも約40mg/kg体重、少なくとも約50mg/kg体重、少なくとも約75mg/kg体重、又は少なくとも約100mg/kg体重である、前記〔14〕〜〔18〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔20〕対象者において記憶喪失又は学習障害を治療するための方法であって、前記対象者に、治療有効量の化合物(I):
〔21〕前記対象者が、神経変性状態又は疾患に罹患していない、前記〔20〕に記載の方法。
〔22〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、副腎白質ジストロフィー(ALD)、アルコール依存症、アレキサンダー病、アルパーズ病、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ルー・ゲーリック病又はALS)、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症、バッテン病(シュピールマイアー・フォークト・シェーグレン・バッテン病)、牛海綿状脳症(BSE)、カナバン病、コケーン症候群、大脳皮質基底核変性症、クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、致死性家族性不眠症、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、HIV関連認知症、ケネディ病、クラッベ病、レビー小体認知症、神経ボレリア症、マシャド・ジョセフ病(3型脊髄小脳失調)、多系統萎縮症、多発性硬化症、ナルコレプシー、ニーマン・ピック病、パーキンソン病、ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病、ピック病、原発性側索硬化症、プリオン病、進行性核上まひ、レット症候群、タウ陽性前頭側頭認知症、タウ陰性前頭側頭認知症、レフサム病、サンドホフ病、シルダー病、悪性貧血に続発する亜急性脊髄連合変性症、脊髄小脳失調(様々な特徴を伴う複数の型)、脊髄性筋萎縮症、スティール・リチャードソン・オルスゼフスキー病、脊髄癆及び中毒性脳症から成る群より選択される、前記〔21〕に記載の方法。
〔23〕前記神経変性状態又は疾患が、アルツハイマーである、前記〔21〕又は〔22〕に記載の方法。
〔24〕前記対象者が、哺乳類である、前記〔20〕〜〔23〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
〔25〕前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約1mg/kg体重、少なくとも約2mg/kg体重、少なくとも約3mg/kg体重、少なくとも約4mg/kg体重、少なくとも約5mg/kg体重、少なくとも約6mg/kg体重、少なくとも約7mg/kg体重、少なくとも約8mg/kg体重、少なくとも約9mg/kg体重、少なくとも約10mg/kg体重、少なくとも約15mg/kg体重、少なくとも約20mg/kg体重、少なくとも約25mg/kg体重、少なくとも約30mg/kg体重、少なくとも約40mg/kg体重、少なくとも約50mg/kg体重、少なくとも約75mg/kg体重、又は少なくとも約100mg/kg体重である、前記〔20〕〜〔24〕のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Claims (7)
- 対象者においてヒストンアセチル化を増加させるのに使用するための、化合物(I):
- ヒストンアセチル化が、ヒストンH2B、H3、H4、又はこれらの組み合わせのアセチル化を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒストンアセチル化が、ヒストンリジン残基H3K4、H3K9、H3K14、H4K5、H4K8、H4K12、H4K16、又はこれらの組み合わせのアセチル化を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象者が、哺乳類である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物(I)が、治療有効量で投与されるものであり、前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約1mg/kg体重である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物(I)が、治療有効量で投与されるものであり、前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約50mg/kg体重である、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物(I)が、治療有効量で投与されるものであり、前記治療有効量が、少なくとも約100mg/kg体重である、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
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JP2014529329A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
JP2019108376A (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
CA2838844A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
CN103763921B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
CN103763921A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
US20180050982A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
EP2717688B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CN107095864A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
JP6175054B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
US9809532B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
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