JP2017038011A - 撮像素子、イメージセンサ、撮像装置、および情報処理装置 - Google Patents
撮像素子、イメージセンサ、撮像装置、および情報処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】撮像素子28において、第1光検出層12は、所定の軸方向に配向させた有機光電変換膜38a、38bを含み、入射光のうち配向軸に平行な方位の偏光成分を検出する。また、異なる軸方向に配向させた有機光電変換膜を2次元平面に所定のパターンで配置する。第1光検出層12の下層に、光電変換素子54a、54bを含む第2光検出層16を設け、第1光検出層12を透過した、有機光電変換膜38a、38bの配向軸に垂直な方位の偏光成分を検出する。
【選択図】図4
Description
Ocon(x,y)=k(x,y)×O(x,y)
ここで(x,y)は画素の2次元配列の座標である。係数k(x,y)は、撮像装置100の運用前または初期のキャリブレーションにより次のように決定する。まず視野全体を占めるグレーの一様な被写体面を、無偏光光源により光を均一に照射した状態で撮影する。そしてそのときの第1光検出層12の検出値の換算値が第2光検出層16の検出値と一致するように係数k(x,y)を決定する。
Sin(x,y)=k(x,y)×Oin(x,y)
ここで係数k(x,y)が画像全体で所定範囲内にある場合は、画素の位置座標によらない定数kとしてもよい。例えば第2層検出値画像全体の画素値の総和ΣSin(x,y)を第1層検出値画像全体の画素値の総和ΣOin(x,y)で除算することにより定数kを決定してもよい。
O’(1)=O(2)+O(4)−O(3)
O(1)≒O(2)+O(4)−O(3)
O(1)≒O_l(2)+O_u(4)−O_ul(3)
O(1)≒O(2)+O_u(4)−O_u(3)
O(1)≒O_l(2)+O(4)−O_l(3)
Y(x,y)=k(x,y)×O(x,y)+S(x,y)
Y(x,y)=Ocon(x,y)+S(x,y)
係数k(x,y)を適切に設定しておくことにより、2層分の検出値画像の同一位置における画素値が表す、方位が直交した偏光成分の検出値の和が元の入射光を表すことになる。
Y1/4(i,j)=Oconave(i,j)+S1/4(i,j)
kcr(n)=(Save(n)+Save(n+2))/Save(n)
kcr(n+2)=(Save(n)+Save(n+2))/Save(n+2)
ここでSave(n)およびSave(n+2)は第n方位と第n+2方位にそれぞれ含まれる画素の値の平均値である。以上の位置依存性確認および必要に応じた調整処理を、色ごと、領域ごとに行うことにより、各色の偏光成分の検出値を無偏光化できる。カラー画像生成部166は、このようにして得た赤、緑、青の画素値を各チャンネルに保持するフルカラー画像のデータを生成し、撮像装置160に接続した記憶装置や画像処理装置に適宜出力する。
Og_con(x,y)=kg(x,y)×Og(x,y)
ここで(x,y)は画素の2次元配列の座標である。係数kg(x,y)は、撮像装置の運用前または初期のキャリブレーションにより次のように決定する。
Sb_in(x,y)=kg(x,y)×Og_in(x,y)
ここで係数kg(x,y)が画像全体で所定範囲内にある場合は、画素の位置座標によらない定数kgとしてもよい。例えば青用の無機光電変換層212a、212bによる画像全体の画素値の総和ΣSb_in(x,y)を第1光検出層12による画像全体の画素値の総和ΣOg_in(x,y)で除算することにより定数kを決定してもよい。
Claims (14)
- 光透過性を有し所定の軸方向に配向された有機光電変換膜を含む第1の光検出層と、
前記第1の光検出層より下層にあり無機光電変換素子を含む第2の光検出層と、
を含むことを特徴とする撮像素子。 - 前記第1の光検出層は、前記有機光電変換膜とそれを挟む透過性を有する電極を含む構造を1画素としたうえ、異なる軸方向に配向された有機光電変換膜を含む画素を互いに隣接させてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第2の光検出層は、前記第1の光検出層における複数の画素単位または1つの画素より小さい単位で、前記無機光電変換素子を画素として備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像素子。
- 異なる色に対応する波長帯の光を透過するカラーフィルタを隣接させてなるカラーフィルタ層を、前記第1の光検出層と前記第2の光検出層の間に備えたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の撮像素子。
- 異なる色に対応する波長帯の光を透過するカラーフィルタを隣接させてなるカラーフィルタ層を、前記第1の光検出層の上層に備えたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第1の光検出層における1画素の領域は、前記カラーフィルタ層における複数のカラーフィルタの領域に対応することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第1の光検出層における1画素の領域は、前記カラーフィルタ層における隣接する複数のカラーフィルタのそれぞれ一部分を含む領域に対応することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第1の光検出層に含まれる有機光電変換膜は、複数の色に対応する波長帯を含む所定の波長帯の光を光電変換する材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第1の光検出層は、所定の色に対応する波長帯の光を光電変換する材料からなり、
前記第2の光検出層は、前記第1の光検出層における画素単位で、前記無機光電変換素子を画素として備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記第1の光検出層はさらに、前記有機光電変換膜を透過し、当該有機光電変換膜が吸収した光と同じ波長帯の光を光電変換する、非配向の有機光電変換膜を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の撮像素子。
- 前記第2の光検出層における前記無機光電変換素子は、異なる波長帯の光を光電変換する複数の無機光電変換層を積層させた構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1、2、9および10のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
- 請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の撮像素子をマトリクス状に配置した画素部と、
前記画素部を構成する撮像素子を所定の順序で駆動させて電気信号を取得し、順次出力する制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とするイメージセンサ。 - 請求項12に記載のイメージセンサから、各検出層からの電気信号を画素値とした画像のデータを取得する入力部と、
前記画像のデータが表す複数の画像のスケールを調整したうえ、対応する領域における画素値に基づき所定の演算を行うことにより、出力用の画像のデータを生成する画像生成部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 請求項13に記載の撮像装置と、
前記撮像装置から出力される複数種類の画像のデータを格納するメモリと、
前記メモリに格納された画像のデータを用いて情報処理を行いその結果を表す出力データを生成する出力データ生成部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする情報処理装置。
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