JP2017036500A - イミダゾールとビスエポキシド化合物との反応生成物を含有する電気銅めっき浴からフォトレジスト画定フィーチャを電気めっきする方法 - Google Patents
イミダゾールとビスエポキシド化合物との反応生成物を含有する電気銅めっき浴からフォトレジスト画定フィーチャを電気めっきする方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017036500A JP2017036500A JP2016150475A JP2016150475A JP2017036500A JP 2017036500 A JP2017036500 A JP 2017036500A JP 2016150475 A JP2016150475 A JP 2016150475A JP 2016150475 A JP2016150475 A JP 2016150475A JP 2017036500 A JP2017036500 A JP 2017036500A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- photoresist
- electroplating
- alkyl
- reaction product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 123
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 115
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 8
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- -1 imidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- IVIDDMGBRCPGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound C1OC1COC(CO)COCC1CO1 IVIDDMGBRCPGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)N1 LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COCFIBRMFPWUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylquinolin-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C)=CC(N)=C21 COCFIBRMFPWUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPQIPUZPSLAZDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridylethylamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=CC=N1 XPQIPUZPSLAZDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WIYCQLLGDNXIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-(3-sulfonatopropyldisulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCSSCCCS([O-])(=O)=O WIYCQLLGDNXIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQMXOIAIYXXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ol Chemical compound C1C(O)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 YQMXOIAIYXXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHGUSQPDQPUNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2-disulfoethyldisulfanyl)ethane-1,1-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)CSSCC(S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O MHGUSQPDQPUNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDPLHDGYGLENEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C)COCC1CO1 HDPLHDGYGLENEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JROOCDXTPKCUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C)CCOCC1CO1 JROOCDXTPKCUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUAUJXBLDYVELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2,2-dimethyl-3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(C)(C)COCC1CO1 KUAUJXBLDYVELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=N1 UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXEXMVJHQLWNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,3-disulfopropyldisulfanyl)propane-1,1-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)CCSSCCC(S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O YXEXMVJHQLWNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FULCXPQDMXUVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-sulfanylpropylsulfonyloxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCOS(=O)(=O)CCCS FULCXPQDMXUVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRBSVISDQAINGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SCCCS(O)(=O)=O WRBSVISDQAINGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REEBJQTUIJTGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHLKOHSAWQPOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C=NC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XHLKOHSAWQPOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical compound [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOYFLYXUNINKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N SCCC(CC)S(=O)(=O)C(CCS)CC Chemical compound SCCC(CC)S(=O)(=O)C(CCS)CC FOYFLYXUNINKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940108925 copper gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MRYMYQPDGZIGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 MRYMYQPDGZIGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RIOSFUBRIQHOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOSFUBRIQHOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SSOVMNXYUYFJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;ethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCS([O-])(=O)=O SSOVMNXYUYFJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BSXVKCJAIJZTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O BSXVKCJAIJZTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NPSDYIWFLLIHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCS([O-])(=O)=O NPSDYIWFLLIHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000847 optical profilometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SOUPVZCONBCBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;3-sulfanylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCS SOUPVZCONBCBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- KQFAFFYKLIBKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCS([O-])(=O)=O KQFAFFYKLIBKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NPAWNPCNZAPTKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCS([O-])(=O)=O NPAWNPCNZAPTKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
【解決手段】フォトレジスト画定フィーチャを電気めっきするためのイミダゾールとビスエポキシドとの反応生成物を用いた電気銅めっき浴を含む。そのようなフィーチャは、ピラー、ボンドパッド、及び線幅/線間フィーチャを含む電気めっき法。
【選択図】図1
Description
%TIR=[高さcenter−高さedge]/高さmax×100、
式中、高さcenterは、その中心軸に沿って測定されるピラーの高さであり、高さedgeは、エッジ上の最も高い点でそのエッジに沿って測定されるピラーの高さである。高さmaxは、ピラーの底部からその上部の最も高い点までの高さである。高さmaxは、正規化因子である。
TIR=高さcenter−高さedge
式中、高さcenter及び高さedgeは、上で定義した通りである。
%WID=1/2×[(高さmax−高さmin)/高さavg]×100
式中、高さmaxは、ピラーの最も高い部分で測定される、基板上に電気めっきされたピラーのアレイの最も高いピラーの高さである。高さminは、ピラーの最も高い部分で測定される、基板上に電気めっきされたピラーのアレイの最も短いピラーの高さである。高さavgは、基板上に電気めっきされた全てのピラーの平均高さである。
好ましくは、ビスエポキシドは、式:
グリセロールジグリシジルエーテル(94.5mmol)及び1H−イミダゾール(150mmol)を、加熱浴に設定された丸底反応フラスコに室温で添加した。次いで、20mLの脱イオン水をフラスコに添加した。加熱浴の温度を98℃に設定した。反応混合物を5時間加熱し、室温でさらに8時間撹拌した。反応生成物(反応生成物1)は、精製せずに使用した。1H−イミダゾールの部分のモル比対エポキシ化合物のモル比は、100:63であった。
凝縮器及び温度計を装備した125mL三口丸底フラスコに、150mmolの1H−イミダゾール及び20mLの脱イオン水を加えた。混合物を80℃まで加熱した後、150mmolのグリセロールジグリシジルエーテルを滴下で加えた。得られた混合物を、85℃に設定した油浴を用いて約4時間加熱し、次いで、さらに4時間室温で撹拌した。反応生成物を水で希釈し、保存容器に移し、さらに精製することなく使用した。1H−イミダゾールの部分のモル比対エーテル部分のモル比は、1:1であった。
グリセロールジグリシジルエーテル(63mmol)及び2,5−ジメチル−1H−イミダゾール(100mmol)を、加熱浴に設定された丸底反応フラスコに室温で添加した。次いで、20mLの脱イオン水をフラスコに添加した。加熱浴の温度を98℃に設定した。反応混合物を4時間加熱し、室温でさらに8時間撹拌した。反応生成物(反応生成物3)は、精製せずに使用した。1H−イミダゾールの部分のモル比対エーテル部分のモル比は、100:63であった。
硫酸銅五水和物からの40g/L銅イオン、140g/L硫酸、50ppm塩化物イオン、5ppmの促進剤、及び2g/Lの抑制剤を組み合わせることによって、水性酸電気銅めっき浴を調製した。促進剤は、ビス(ナトリウム−スルホプロピル)ジスルフィドであった。抑制剤は、約1,000の重量平均分子量及び末端ヒドロキシル基を有するEO/POコポリマーであった。電気めっき浴はまた、実施例1からの1ppmの反応生成物1も含有していた。浴のpHは、1未満であった。
%TIR=[高さcenter−高さedge]/高さmax、及び
TIR=高さcenter−高さedge
8つのピラーの平均%TIRも、表に示すように決定した。
%WID=1/2×[(高さmax−高さmin)/高さavg]×100
反応生成物が実施例2からの反応生成物2であったことを除き、実施例4の方法を繰り返した。シリコンウエハセグメント、電気銅めっき浴、及びめっき条件は、同じであった。反応生成物2は、1ppmの量で浴に含まれた。めっきが完了した後で、フォトレジストをアルカリ剥離溶液でウエハから剥離し、銅ピラーのアレイを残した。次いで、8つの銅ピラーを、それらの形態に関して分析した。
反応生成物が1ppmの濃度の反応生成物2であったことを除き、厚さ50μmのパターン化されたフォトレジスト及び複数の開口部を有する300mmのシリコンウエハセグメント(IMAT,Inc.、Vancouver,WAから入手可能)を、上の実施例4の電気銅めっき浴に浸漬した。陽極は、可溶性銅電極であった。ウエハ及び陽極を整流器に接続し、開口部の底部の露出されたシード層上に銅ピラーを電気めっきした。めっき中の電流密度は9 ASDであり、電気銅めっき浴の温度は室温であった。
反応生成物が実施例3からの反応生成物3であったことを除き、実施例4の方法を繰り返した。シリコンウエハセグメント、電気銅めっき浴、及びめっき条件は、同じであった。反応生成物3は、1ppmの量で浴に含まれた。めっきが完了した後で、フォトレジストをアルカリ剥離溶液でウエハから剥離し、銅ピラーのアレイを残した。次いで、8つの銅ピラーを、それらの形態に関して分析した。
反応生成物が1ppmの濃度の反応生成物3であったことを除き、厚さ50μmのパターン化されたフォトレジスト及び複数の開口部を有する300mmのシリコンウエハセグメント(IMAT,Inc.、Vancouver,WAから入手可能)を、上の実施例4の電気銅めっき浴に浸漬した。陽極は、可溶性銅電極であった。ウエハ及び陽極を整流器に接続し、ビアの底部の露出されたシード層上に銅ピラーを電気めっきした。めっき中の電流密度は9 ASDであり、電気銅めっき浴の温度は室温であった。
凝縮器及び温度計を装備した125mL三口丸底フラスコ内で、90mmolの2−メチルキノリン−4−アミン、10mmolの2−(2−アミノエチル)ピリジンを、20mLの脱イオン水及び5mlの50%硫酸の混合物に加えた。混合物を80℃まで加熱した後、100mmolの1,4−ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテルを滴下で加えた。得られた混合物を、95℃に設定した油浴を用いて約4時間加熱し、次いで、さらに8時間室温で撹拌した。酸性水を用いて反応生成物(反応生成物4−比較例)を希釈し、さらに精製することなく使用した。
反応生成物4−比較例を反応生成物1に代用したことを除き、実施例4に説明される方法を、同じ電気銅めっき浴、ウエハ、及びめっきパラメータで繰り返した。反応生成物4−比較例は、1ppmの量で電気銅めっき浴に含まれた。ウエハをピラーでめっきした後、フォトレジストを剥離し、シリコンウエハ上に銅ピラーのアレイを残した。ピラーは粗く見え、多くが、図2に示されるように「陥没穴」の中心を有した。%WID及び平均%TIRは、計算しなかった。ピラーは非常に不完全であり、このため、プロフィロメータは、それらを正確に読み取ることができなかった。
Claims (9)
- フォトレジスト画定フィーチャを電気めっきする方法であって、
a)フォトレジストの層を備える基板を提供することであって、前記フォトレジストの層は複数の開口部を備える、提供することと、
b)1つ以上のイミダゾール化合物と1つ以上のビスエポキシドとの1つ以上の反応生成物、電解質、1つ以上の促進剤、及び1つ以上の抑制剤を含む電気銅めっき浴を提供することと、
c)前記複数の開口部を有する前記フォトレジストの層を備える前記基板を前記電気銅めっき浴に浸漬することと、
d)複数の銅/フォトレジスト画定フィーチャを前記複数の開口部に電気めっきすることと、を含み、前記複数のフォトレジスト画定フィーチャは、5%〜8%の平均%TIRを含む、方法。 - 前記複数のフォトレジスト画定フィーチャの%WIDは、5%〜12%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上のイミダゾール化合物は、式
- R1、R2、及びR3は、水素及び(C1−C3)アルキルから独立して選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上のビスエポキシド化合物は、式
- 前記反応生成物は、0.25ppm〜20ppmの量である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 電気めっきは、0.25ASD〜40ASDの電流密度で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の銅/フォトレジスト画定フィーチャは、ピラー、ボンドパッド、及び線幅/線間フィーチャである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 5%〜8%の平均%TIR及び5%〜12%の%WIDを有する、基板上のフォトレジスト画定フィーチャのアレイ。
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