JP2016530676A - 燃料電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016530676A JP2016530676A JP2016523680A JP2016523680A JP2016530676A JP 2016530676 A JP2016530676 A JP 2016530676A JP 2016523680 A JP2016523680 A JP 2016523680A JP 2016523680 A JP2016523680 A JP 2016523680A JP 2016530676 A JP2016530676 A JP 2016530676A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- hollow
- fuel cell
- surfactant
- present application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 190
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 188
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 188
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 66
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 lanthanoid metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 45
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002079 double walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- IZWSFJTYBVKZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl sulfobetaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCS([O-])(=O)=O IZWSFJTYBVKZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CN(C)C AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FXJNQQZSGLEFSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FXJNQQZSGLEFSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005908 glyceryl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HICYUNOFRYFIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-naphthalen-1-ylmethanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=C2C(C[NH+](C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 HICYUNOFRYFIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZHALDANPYXAMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZHALDANPYXAMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001987 poloxamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- REFMEZARFCPESH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;heptane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O REFMEZARFCPESH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940029614 triethanolamine stearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1CCC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PORPENFLTBBHSG-MGBGTMOVSA-N 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PORPENFLTBBHSG-MGBGTMOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(C)=CC1=O QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAJTXKOOKJAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyethyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[NH2+]CC(O)O RMAJTXKOOKJAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBRHJJQHHSOXCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyethyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH2+]CC(O)O DBRHJJQHHSOXCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRBZUCWNYQUCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(aminoazaniumyl)acetate Chemical compound NNCC(O)=O RRBZUCWNYQUCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSTPEQSVYGELTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[NH+](C)CCO BSTPEQSVYGELTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJHSJERLYWNLQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)CCO YJHSJERLYWNLQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSJQMAZLOWECR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoate trimethylazanium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[NH+](C)C.C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-].C[NH+](C)C BZSJQMAZLOWECR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-n-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]propanamide Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylserin Natural products OC(=O)C(N)COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010007979 Glycocholic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010035713 Glycodeoxycholic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WVULKSPCQVQLCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycodeoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 WVULKSPCQVQLCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RFDAIACWWDREDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na salt-Glycocholic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 RFDAIACWWDREDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000820 Os alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000691 Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-O S-adenosyl-L-methionine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C[S+](CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurocholic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBOMIWRCZXYSZ-XZBBILGWSA-N [1-[2,3-dihydroxypropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] (9e,12e)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCC ATBOMIWRCZXYSZ-XZBBILGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006177 alkyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTYVHLCLTPLSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)ON KTYVHLCLTPLSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KHSLHYAUZSPBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHSLHYAUZSPBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BCOZLGOHQFNXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-bis(2-chloroethyl)-ethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].ClCC[N+](CC)(CCCl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BCOZLGOHQFNXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WMLFGKCFDKMAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-diethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WMLFGKCFDKMAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082500 cetostearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDJGWBCMWHSUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl(triethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CDJGWBCMWHSUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GFNWBSUGVDMEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L decyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylazanium;bromide;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Br-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCO.CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCO GFNWBSUGVDMEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005131 dialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002526 disodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019262 disodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000878 docusate sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VVNBOKHXEBSBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(triethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC VVNBOKHXEBSBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBHFVMDLPTZDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylphosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C QBHFVMDLPTZDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N glycocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099347 glycocholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVULKSPCQVQLCU-BUXLTGKBSA-N glycodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 WVULKSPCQVQLCU-BUXLTGKBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031704 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001078 lithium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VXBSKVAMQMBCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate;trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VXBSKVAMQMBCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002063 nanoring Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IYZXTLXQZSXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium platinum Chemical compound [Os].[Pt] IYZXTLXQZSXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003905 phosphatidylinositols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SFVFIFLLYFPGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M stearalkonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SFVFIFLLYFPGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940057981 stearalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M trihexadecyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8626—Porous electrodes characterised by the form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F2009/245—Reduction reaction in an Ionic Liquid [IL]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/054—Particle size between 1 and 100 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
カソード、アノード、および前記カソードおよびアノードの間に備えられた電解質膜を含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池を提供する。
電解質膜を準備するステップ、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップ、および
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップを含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池の製造方法を提供する。
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池を提供する。
電解質膜を準備するステップ、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップ、および
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップを含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池の製造方法を提供する。
前記担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を製造するステップは、
溶媒、前記溶媒中で第1金属イオンまたは前記第1金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第1金属塩、前記溶媒中で第2金属イオンまたは前記第2金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第2金属塩、前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第1界面活性剤、および前記第1界面活性剤と共に前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第2界面活性剤を含む溶液を形成するステップ、
前記溶液に担体を添加して攪拌するステップ、および
前記溶液に還元剤を添加して担体上で前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップを含むことができる。
溶媒、前記溶媒中で第1金属イオンまたは前記第1金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第1金属塩、前記溶媒中で第2金属イオンまたは前記第2金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第2金属塩、前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第1界面活性剤、および前記第1界面活性剤と共に前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第2界面活性剤を含む溶液を形成するステップ、
前記溶液に担体を添加して攪拌するステップ、および
前記溶液に還元剤を添加して担体上で前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップを含み、
中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法を提供する。
第1金属塩としてNi(NO3)2、第2金属塩としてK2PtCl4と、安定化剤としてクエン酸三ナトリウム(trisodium citrate)、第1界面活性剤としてアンモニウムラウリルスルフェート(ammonium lauryl sulfate:ALS)、第2界面活性剤としてセチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide:CTAB)を蒸留水に添加して溶液を形成し、30分間攪拌した。この時、Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、ALSの濃度は水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration)の2倍であり、CTABはALSの1/10モルであった。その後、水に分散させたカーボン(カーボンブラック(Vulcan XC 72))を前記溶液に添加して30分間攪拌させた後、還元剤のNaBH4を添加して30分間反応させた。その後、10,000rpmで10分間遠心分離をして、上層の上清を捨て、残った沈殿物を蒸留水に再分散した後、遠心分離過程を繰り返し行って担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を製造した。
第1金属塩としてNi(NO3)2、第2金属塩としてK2PtCl4と、安定化剤としてクエン酸三ナトリウム(trisodium citrate)、第1界面活性剤としてナトリウムドデシルスルフェート(sodium dodecyl sulfate:SDS)、第2界面活性剤としてN−ドデシル−N,N−ジメチル−3−アンモニオ−1−プロパンスルホネート(N−dodecyl−N,N−dimethyl−3ammonio−1propane sulfonate:DDAPS)を蒸留水に添加して溶液を形成し、30分間攪拌した。この時、Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、SDSの濃度は水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration)の2倍であり、DDAPSはSDSの1/10モルであった。その後、蒸留水に分散させたカーボン(カーボンブラック(Vulcan XC 72))を前記溶液に添加して30分間攪拌させた後、還元剤のNaBH4を溶液に添加して30分間反応させた。
第1金属塩としてNi(NO3)2、第2金属塩としてK2PtCl4と、安定化剤としてクエン酸三ナトリウム(trisodium citrate)、第1界面活性剤としてアンモニウムラウリルスルフェート(ammonium lauryl sulfate:ALS)、第2界面活性剤としてナトリウム1−ヘプタンスルホネート(sodium 1−heptanesulfonate:S 1−HS)を蒸留水に添加して溶液を形成し、30分間攪拌した。この時、Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、SDSの濃度は水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration)の2倍であり、S 1−HSはALSの1/2モルであった。その後、蒸留水に分散させたカーボン(KETJENブラック)を前記溶液に添加して30分間攪拌させた後、還元剤のNaBH4を溶液に添加して30分間反応させた。
2 ・・・中空金属ナノ粒子
3 ・・・コア部
4 ・・・シェル部
5 ・・・空洞
10 ・・・電解質膜
20、21 ・・・触媒層
30、31 ・・・微細気孔層
40、41 ・・・電極基材
50、51 ・・・気体拡散層
60 ・・・スタック
70 ・・・酸化剤供給部
80 ・・・燃料供給部
81 ・・・燃料タンク
82 ・・・ポンプ
Claims (23)
- カソード、アノード、および前記カソードおよびアノードの間に備えられた電解質膜を含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池。 - 前記中空金属ナノ粒子は前記空洞を1つ含む、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径は1nm以上30nm以下である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子は球形状である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記空洞の直径は前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径の5%以上30%以下である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部の厚さは0nm超過5nm以下である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径は中空金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径の80%〜120%の範囲内である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空コア部は前記中空金属ナノ粒子の50体積%以上である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空コア部は界面活性剤を含む、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部の第1金属と第2金属の原子百分率比は1:5〜10:1である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部は、前記第1金属を含む第1シェル、および前記第2金属を含む第2シェルを含む、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部は、前記第1金属の含量が前記第2金属の含量より高い第1シェル、および前記第2金属の含量が前記第1金属の含量より高い第2シェルを含む、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属は、各々独立して、周期律表上の3〜15族に属する金属、半金属(metalloid)、ランタノイド金属およびアクチノイド金属からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属は、各々独立して、白金(Pt)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、モリブデン(Mo)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、レニウム(Re)、パラジウム(Pd)、バナジウム(V)、タングステン(W)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)、セレニウム(Se)、ニッケル(Ni)、ビスマス(Bi)、スズ(Sn)、クロム(Cr)、チタニウム(Ti)、金(Au)、セリウム(Ce)、銀(Ag)、および銅(Cu)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記担体は炭素系物質または無機物微粒子である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記炭素系物質は、カーボンブラック、炭素ナノチューブ(CNT)、グラファイト(Graphite)、グラフェン(Graphene)、活性炭、多孔性炭素(Mesoporous Carbon)、炭素繊維(Carbon fiber)およびカーボンナノワイヤー(Carbon nano wire)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項15に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記無機物微粒子は、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニアおよびジルコニアからなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項15に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の担体に対する担持率は10重量%〜70重量%である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属または前記第2金属は互いに異なり、前記第1金属または前記第2金属はニッケルである、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属または前記第2金属は互いに異なり、前記第1金属または前記第2金属は白金である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属はニッケルであり、前記第2金属は白金である、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 電解質膜を準備するステップ、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップ、および
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップを含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、中空コア(core)部、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部、および前記シェル部の1または2以上の領域にシェル部外面から前記中空コアに達する空洞(cavity)を含む中空金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記カソードを形成するステップおよびアノードを形成するステップのうち少なくとも1つのステップは、前記担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を製造するステップをさらに含み、
前記担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を製造するステップは、
溶媒、前記溶媒中で第1金属イオンまたは前記第1金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第1金属塩、前記溶媒中で第2金属イオンまたは前記第2金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第2金属塩、前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第1界面活性剤、および前記第1界面活性剤と共に前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第2界面活性剤を含む溶液を形成するステップ、
前記溶液に担体を添加して攪拌するステップ、および
前記溶液に還元剤を添加して担体上で前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップを含む、請求項22に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR20130132401 | 2013-11-01 | ||
KR10-2013-0132401 | 2013-11-01 | ||
PCT/KR2014/010390 WO2015065120A1 (ko) | 2013-11-01 | 2014-10-31 | 연료전지 및 그의 제조방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016530676A true JP2016530676A (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
JP6174254B2 JP6174254B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
Family
ID=53004622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016523680A Active JP6174254B2 (ja) | 2013-11-01 | 2014-10-31 | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9614227B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2998269B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6174254B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101640671B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105377748B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015065120A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021026961A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-22 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料電池用触媒及びその製造方法 |
WO2021193203A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 電解質及び蓄電デバイス |
US11652185B2 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2023-05-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Optical device, photoelectric conversion apparatus, and fuel production apparatus |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101640675B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2016-07-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 연료전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP6818288B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-16 | 2021-01-20 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 白金族担持触媒及びその製造方法 |
KR102298989B1 (ko) | 2020-12-07 | 2021-09-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이온 전도성이 높고 물 배출이 용이한 전해질막 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR20220163737A (ko) | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-12 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 화학적 내구성이 향상된 전해질막 및 이를 포함하는 막-전극 접합체 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011072981A (ja) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-04-14 | Sony Corp | 白金含有触媒及びその製造方法、並びに電極及び電気化学デバイス |
WO2012123435A1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Fundació Privada Institut Català De Nanotecnologia | Platinium/silver noble metal single wall hollow nanoparticles and their preparation process |
US20120316060A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2012-12-13 | Utc Power Corporation | Platinum monolayer on hollow, porous nanoparticles with high surface areas and method of making |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6752979B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2004-06-22 | Very Small Particle Company Pty Ltd | Production of metal oxide particles with nano-sized grains |
US6676729B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2004-01-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Metal salt reduction to form alloy nanoparticles |
JP4490201B2 (ja) | 2004-08-04 | 2010-06-23 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | 凹凸表面をもつ微細な合金粒子粉末およびその製造法 |
KR100601101B1 (ko) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-07-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 연료전지용 백금 전극촉매의 제조방법 |
JP2007242270A (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用電極、その製造方法、及びこれを備えた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
CN101501790A (zh) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-08-05 | 康乃尔研究基金会有限公司 | 含有内部空隙的纳米结构金属氧化物及其使用方法 |
KR101008155B1 (ko) | 2007-02-07 | 2011-01-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 연료전지용 막-전극 접합체 및 연료전지 |
US20110275009A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2011-11-10 | Sony Corporation | Platinum-containing catalyst and method of producing the same, electrode and electrochemical device |
KR20100068029A (ko) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-22 | 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 | 연료 전지용 촉매 슬러리의 제조 방법 |
US20110311635A1 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2011-12-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Hollow metal oxide spheres and nanoparticles encapsulated therein |
JP5443029B2 (ja) | 2009-03-18 | 2014-03-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | コア‐シェル粒子の製造方法 |
EP2593227A4 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2014-01-22 | Brookhaven Science Ass Llc | HIGH NANOTEHICLES AS ACTIVE AND DURABLE CATALYSTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
KR20130037741A (ko) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극 및 이를 이용한 막-전극 어셈블리 제조 방법 |
-
2014
- 2014-10-31 EP EP14858178.8A patent/EP2998269B1/en active Active
- 2014-10-31 US US14/902,263 patent/US9614227B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-31 CN CN201480040568.4A patent/CN105377748B/zh active Active
- 2014-10-31 JP JP2016523680A patent/JP6174254B2/ja active Active
- 2014-10-31 KR KR1020140150741A patent/KR101640671B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-10-31 WO PCT/KR2014/010390 patent/WO2015065120A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011072981A (ja) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-04-14 | Sony Corp | 白金含有触媒及びその製造方法、並びに電極及び電気化学デバイス |
US20120316060A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2012-12-13 | Utc Power Corporation | Platinum monolayer on hollow, porous nanoparticles with high surface areas and method of making |
WO2012123435A1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Fundació Privada Institut Català De Nanotecnologia | Platinium/silver noble metal single wall hollow nanoparticles and their preparation process |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11652185B2 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2023-05-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Optical device, photoelectric conversion apparatus, and fuel production apparatus |
JP2021026961A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-22 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料電池用触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP7152995B2 (ja) | 2019-08-08 | 2022-10-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料電池用触媒及びその製造方法 |
WO2021193203A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 電解質及び蓄電デバイス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9614227B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
CN105377748B (zh) | 2017-06-13 |
JP6174254B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
CN105377748A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
KR20150051184A (ko) | 2015-05-11 |
EP2998269A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
KR101640671B1 (ko) | 2016-07-18 |
EP2998269A4 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
US20160372757A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP2998269B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
WO2015065120A1 (ko) | 2015-05-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6174254B2 (ja) | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 | |
JP6153662B2 (ja) | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 | |
Guo et al. | Nanosized Rh grown on single-walled carbon nanohorns for efficient methanol oxidation reaction | |
Yu et al. | Synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of MWCNT-supported Ag@ Pt core–shell nanoparticles for ORR | |
JP6240771B2 (ja) | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 | |
Wang et al. | Synthesis of ultrafine low loading Pd–Cu alloy catalysts supported on graphene with excellent electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation | |
Wu et al. | Synthesis of hollow echinus-like Au@ PdAgNSs decorated reduced graphene oxide as an excellent electrocatalyst for enhanced ethanol electrooxidation | |
Li et al. | PdNi nanoparticles decorated on defective mesoporous carbon: An efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells | |
JP6240767B2 (ja) | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 | |
KR102045106B1 (ko) | 그래핀-탄소 나노 튜브 복합체, 이를 포함하는 촉매, 상기 촉매를 포함하는 막 전극 접합체, 상기 막 전극 접합체를 포함하는 연료 전지 및 그래핀-탄소 나노 튜브 복합체의 제조방법 | |
Xu et al. | One-pot fabrication of N-doped graphene supported dandelion-like PtRu nanocrystals as efficient and robust electrocatalysts towards formic acid oxidation | |
KR20150053723A (ko) | 연료전지용 촉매 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 | |
Cheng et al. | Template-assisted synthesis of accordion-like CoFe (OH) x nanosheet clusters on GO sheets for electrocatalytic water oxidation | |
Jia et al. | Carbon nanobowls supported ultrafine palladium nanocrystals: a highly active electrocatalyst for the formic acid oxidation | |
KR102169849B1 (ko) | 금속 나노입자, 이를 포함하는 촉매 및 연료 전지 및 이의 제조방법 | |
KR102169848B1 (ko) | 중공 금속 나노입자, 이를 포함하는 촉매 및 연료 전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20161214 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170315 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170615 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170705 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6174254 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |