JP2016522818A - 1以上の有機溶媒を含む高い浸透性の抗菌性組成物 - Google Patents
1以上の有機溶媒を含む高い浸透性の抗菌性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016522818A JP2016522818A JP2016512079A JP2016512079A JP2016522818A JP 2016522818 A JP2016522818 A JP 2016522818A JP 2016512079 A JP2016512079 A JP 2016512079A JP 2016512079 A JP2016512079 A JP 2016512079A JP 2016522818 A JP2016522818 A JP 2016522818A
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Abstract
Description
この国際出願は米国の2013年5月2日出願の仮特許出願番号61/818,586、および2013年9月4日出願の仮特許出願番号61/873,500に対して優先権を主張する。両方の出願は、参照によってそれらの全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
バクテリアはかなりの量の疾病および感染の原因である。バクテリアを表面から除去することは人間の暴露を低減するのに望ましい。バクテリアが自己保存機構を発現するので、それらを除去および/または根絶することは非常に難しい。
組成物が中性またはその近傍のpH価である場合でさえ、様々な状態のバクテリアに対して有効な抗菌性組成物が提供される。本発明による組成物はグラム陽性菌およびグラム陰性菌の広いスペクトルに大して致命的であり、ウイルス、菌類、カビ、酵母、および細菌胞子などの微生物に対して致死性を示す。多くの実施態様では、組成物は、人間と動物に対して毒性をほとんどあるいはまったく持っていない。
先の簡単な説明で言及されたHSPは、1つの物質が溶液を形成するために他の物質に溶解するか否かを予言する一般的な方法であり、HSP値は最も一般的に溶剤を記述するために使用される。(溶剤内の溶質の可溶性を決定する多くの代替方法も利用可能である。最も一般的な代案はヒルデブラントの溶解パラメーターである。それは、溶剤と溶質の凝集エネルギー密度を測定し、類似性についてそれらを比較する。極性の力は分散力および水素結合力から分離されない。また以下で明白になる理由で、ヒルデブラントの溶解パラメーターを測定/選択ツールとして使用することはそれほど望ましくない。しかしながら、当業者は、適切な有機液体および/または溶剤の組み合わせを特定するために他の方法と同様にそれも使用することができることを認識するだろう。)
言いかえれば、許容可能な溶剤は相互作用半径内に位置し、許容しがたいものはその外側に位置する。
(Ra)2=4(δd2−δdl)2 +(δp2−δp1)2 +(δh2−δhl)2 (I)
式中、δdは分子間の分散性力からのエネルギー、δpはダイポール・ダイポール分子間力からのエネルギー、δhは分子間の水素結合からのエネルギーである。
R1(CH2)xO-R2-[O(CH2)z]yZ (II)
式中、xは0〜20の整数(任意に2≦x≦20であり、1以上のエチレン性不飽和を含む)、yは0または1、zは1〜4の整数、R2はC1−C6の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキレン基、R1はメチル、イソプロピルあるいはフェニル基である。また、Zは水酸基またはメトキシ基である。溶剤成分の中で使用することができるグリコール・エーテル(Z=OHである式(III)の化合物)の非制限的例は、表1に示される。
「含む」は、列記された成分を含むが、これらに限定されないことを意味する。
「からなる」は、列記された成分と少量の不活性な添加剤およびアジュバンドのみを含むことを意味する。
「本質的に成る」は、列記された成分と、少量(5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.25%あるいは0.1%w/v未満)の他の成分であって、抗菌力を補足するか、および/または意図した最終用途で望ましい副次的効果(例えば、曇防止、汚れ削除、傷クリーニングなど)を提供する成分、および/または不活性な添加剤およびアジュバンドのみを含むことを意味する;
「細菌」は、すべてのタイプの微生物を意味し、たとえばバクテリア、ウイルス、菌類、ウイルス様体、プリオン、および同様のものを包含するが、これらに限定されない。
「抗菌剤」は1以上の細菌の数を90%(1 log)より多く低減する能力を有する物質を意味する。
「活性抗菌剤」は例えば細菌の細胞分裂のようなライフサイクルの活性の間のみ、またはその期間に主として有効な抗菌剤を意味する。
「バイオフィルム」は、細菌のコミュニティーを意味し、特にはバクテリアと菌類のコミュニティーを意味し、自己発生高分子マトリクス中にあるかまたはそれにより守られているコミュニティーメンバーと表面に付着している。
「確固としたバイオフィルム」は、2日以上の成長期の後に定常状態の塊に達したバイオフィルムである;
「バッファー」は加えられた溶液のpHを比較的狭い範囲内で維持する能力を持っている化合物または化合物の混合物を意味する;
「バッファー前駆物質」は、酸または塩基を含んでいる混合物に加えられた時、バッファーに帰着する化合物を意味する;
「ポリ酸」は、少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物を意味し、ジカルボン酸、トリカルボン酸などを含んでいる;
「塩化ベンザルコニウム」は、次の一般式によって定義された化合物を指す。
「滞留時間」は、抗生物質とバクテリアのバイオフィルムとの接触が許容される時間をいう;
「生物学的適合性」は、哺乳類の種において、著しい長期的な有害な影響を示さないことをいう;
「生物分解」は、生体内の酵素プロセス、化学的プロセスあるいは物理的なプロセスによる、化学物質のより小さな化学種への変換を意味する;
「バイオ収着」は、哺乳類の種の体内中への材料の吸収を意味する;
「吸収ベース」は脂肪性基剤および1つ以上の界面活性剤のブレンドである;
「漂白剤溶液」は、約4.0%から約6.5%(重量による)の次亜塩素酸塩イオンを含み、10≦pH≦12である水性組成物である;
「ソイルロード(soil load)」は、体分泌物、用便などの存在をシミュレートするために、供試生物のサスペンジョンに加えられた、1つ以上の有機物質および/または無機物質の溶液を意味する;
「接種材料」は、バクテリア、成長溶液(例えばトリプシンソイブロス)およびタンパク質ソイルロードを含んでいる溶液を意味する;
「置換された」は、問題の基の意図した目的の邪魔をしないヘテロ原子または官能基(例えばヒドロカルビル基)を含むものをいう。
次の例では、様々なフォーマットでのバクテリアに対する様々な抗菌性組成物を評価するために多くのテストが行われる。これらのテストの簡潔な記述は以下の通りである:
量的キャリアー・テスト(QCT)(ASTMテスト方法E2197−02(§ 9)):
3つの別個のベッセル(それぞれ10mL KH2PO4溶液(水中約30%w/vを含む))に、それぞれ0.5gのトリプトン、0.5gのウシ血清アルブミンおよび0.04gのウシムチンが加えられた;各々は別々に殺菌された。個別のコンテナで、340マイクロリットルの微生物のサスペンション(マナッサス、ヴァージニアのATCCから得られたサスペンションから育てられたバクテリア)、25マイクロリットルのBSA溶液、100マイクロリットルのムチン溶液、35マイクロリットルのトリプトンストックが一緒に加えられ、調製直後に使用されるソイルロードされた細菌懸濁液を提供する。10マイクロリットルのソイルロードされた細菌懸濁液のアリコートを、清潔なステンレススチール・ディスクに適用し、乾燥し、50マイクロリットルの抗菌性組成物のアリコートが適用された。このテストの結果はコントロールからの減少(対数目盛)として報告される。
バイオフィルムCDCリアクター・テスト(ASTM E2871)−12:
バイオ・フィルムはCDCリアクター中のクーポン上で成長された(ASTM E−2562)。除去に際して、クーポンはバッファーを含む無菌の水に浸され、プランクトン生物のバクテリアが削除され、無菌の50mLの円錐チューブ内に置かれ、4mLの抗菌性組成物がそれに加えられた。指定された滞留時間(例えば3、5あるいは10分)の後、36mLのデェイ/エングラー・ブロス(様々な所から商業的に、たとえばシグマ− オールドリッチから利用可能)がチューブに加えられ、組成物のそれ以上の抗菌を止め、残ったバクテリアのロードが定量される。結果はコントロールからの減少(対数目盛)として報告される。
プランクトン生物のバクテリア・テスト(AOAC 955.14、955.15、964.02):
ソイル・ロード(約106の懸濁されたバクテリア)は多くのペニ(Peni)シリンダ(典型的に60)に適用される。それは、抗菌性組成物の10 mLを含んでいる無菌の試験管内に置かれる。処理時間(例えば3、5あるいは10分)の後、シリンダは、成長メディア、栄養剤(例えばデェイ/エングラー・ブロス)、および成長指標(pHが中性以下に低下する場合(処理の後にペニシリンダで生活する任意のバクテリアによる細胞呼吸中に起こる)に色が変わるpH感受性染料)を含んでいる試験管に転送される。結果が試験表面を完全に消毒するのに必要な時間(秒)の量として提供され、視覚的な色検査が行なわれる。(60本のテスト・シリンダが実行される場合、合格の結果を達成するためには58本が色変化を示さないことが必要である。)
24の抗菌性組成物が準備された:例1−8は1.78g(0.008mol)のSDS陰イオン界面活性剤を含んでいた。例9−16は2.10g(0.008mol)のBK陽イオン界面活性剤を含んでいた。また、例17−24は追加界面活性剤を含んでいなかった。
図la 黄色ブドウ球菌QCTデータ、pH=4組成物
図lb 黄色ブドウ球菌QCTデータ、pH=10組成物
図2a 黄色ブドウ球菌CDCリアクター(バイオフィルム)、pH=4組成物
図2b 黄色ブドウ球菌CDCリアクター(バイオフィルム)、pH=10組成物
図3a 緑膿菌CDCリアクター(バイオフィルム)、pH=4組成物
図3b 緑膿菌CDCリアクター(バイオフィルム)、pH=10組成物
例1−24の組成物の調製手続きは、以下の相違を除いて繰り返された(界面活性剤としてすべてに2.1g/LのBKが使用された):
例25−26 − 19.0g/L NaOH、66.0g/LのKH2PO4(pH=7.5と2.33 Osm/L)、
例27−28 − 9.7g/L NaOH、32.5g/LのKH2PO4(pH=10.0と1.165 Osm/L)、
例29−30 − 63.5g/Lクエン酸、56.3g/Lのクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物(pH=4.0と1.165 Osm/L)、
例31−32 − 19.4g/L NaOH、
65.0g/LのKH2PO4(pH=10.0と2.33 Osm/L)。
試験ごとの変化を除去し、かつ異なる溶剤を使用することの潜在的に困惑させる効果を削除するために、例1−24において使用されたバイオフィルム試験は、濃度を0〜10%w/vの濃度で1つの溶剤(PGME)の濃度を変え、暴露時間を変えて行なわれた。
例 44−64
例44−49 − 2.1g/LのBK、21.7g/LのNaOH、74.7g/LのKH2PO4(pH=9.0と2.33 Osm/L)、
例50−52 − 2.1g/LのBK、22.0g/LのNaOH、73.7g/LのKH2PO4(pH=10.0と2.33 Osm/L)、
例53−54 − 1.3g/LのBK、48.0g/Lのクエン酸、42.5g/Lのクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物(pH=4.0と880 mOsm/L)、
例55−56 − 1.3g/LのBK、0.5g/LのNa2CO3、37.5g/LのNaHCO3(pH=8.0と880 mOsm/L)、
例57−59 − 1.3g/LのBK、1.0g/LのNa2CO3、75.0g/LのNaHCO3(pH=8.0と1.76 Osm/L)、
例60−62 − 1.3g/LのBK、8.2g/LのNaOH、28.2g/LのKH2PO4(pH=9.0と880 mOsm/L)、
例63−64 − 1.3g/LのBK、16.4g/LのNaOH、56.4g/LのKH2PO4(pH=9.0と1.76 Osm/L)。
さらなる試験が、pHと浸透性の相対的な重要性と、δp値を調節する有機液体の相対的な効果を考慮するために行なわれた。
例65−66 − 19.0g/LのNaOH、66.0g/LのKH2PO4(pH=7.5と2.33 Osm/L)、
例67−68 − 9.7g/LのNaOH、32.5g/LのKH2PO4(pH=10.0と1.165 Osm/L)、
例69−70 − 63.5g/Lのクエン酸、56.3g/Lのクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物(pH=4.0と1.165 Osm/L)、
例71−76、79 − 19.4g/LのNaOH、65.0g/LのKH2PO4(pH=10.0と2.33 Osm/L)、
例77 − 127.0g/Lのクエン酸、112.5g/Lのクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物(pH=4.0と2.33 Osm/L)、
例78、80 − 9.5g/LのNaOH、33.0g/LのKH2PO4(pH=7.5と1.165 Osm/L)。
付加的なプランクトン生物(AOAC)の試験は、ソイルロードされた黄色ブドウ球菌バクテリアに対する組成物の効能への、溶剤成分のδp値を変えた場合の結果を決定するために行なわれた。組成物はそれぞれ、バッファーとしてのKH2PO4および溶剤としてのIPAを使用した。各組成物の浸透性は2.33 Osm/Lだった。
Claims (20)
- 以下を含む抗菌性組成物:
a) 1)水、および
2)1以上の有機液体から本質的に成り、13.1〜15.7 MPa1/2のδp値を示す溶剤成分;
並びに、
b) 少なくとも約0.5 Osm/Lの有効な溶質濃度を与えるのに十分な量で存在する溶質成分。 - 前記組成物が中性から少なくとも2.0ユニット離れたpH値を有する、請求項1記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記の1以上の有機液体が以下の一般式を有するエーテルを含む、請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物:
R1(CH2)xO−R2−[O(CH2)z]yZ
ここで、xは0〜20の整数であり、yは0または1であり、zは1〜4の整数であり、R2はC1−C6の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキレン基であり、R1はメチル、イソプロピルあるいはフェニル基であり、Zは水酸基またはメトキシ基である。 - xが2〜20の整数であり、該エーテルが任意に1以上のエチレン性不飽和基を含む、請求項3記載の抗菌性組成物。
- Zが水酸基である請求項3記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記1以上の有機液体が、環式およびC1−C16非環式アルコールを含み、任意に1以上のエチレン性不飽和基および/またはアルコール酸素以外の1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含む、請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記組成物が少なくとも1.0 Osm/Lの有効な溶質濃度を有する、請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記溶質成分がポリ酸および前記ポリ酸の塩を含む、請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記溶質成分が少なくとも1つのポリ酸、および該少なくとも1つのポリ酸の少なくとも1つの塩から本質的に成る、請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物。
- さらにイオン性界面活性剤を含む請求項1または2記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 水、酸あるいは塩基、1以上の溶質、および少なくとも1重量%の少なくとも1つの界面活性剤を含む第1の抗菌性組成物を変成する方法であって、
水に十分な量の1つ以上の有機液体を加え、16.0未満のδp値を有する溶剤成分を提供し、該第1の抗菌性組成物の該少なくとも1つの界面活性剤の量を0.2重量%以下に減らし、CDCリアクター・テストによって測定されたバイオフィルムに対する効能が、前記第1の抗菌性組成物少なくとも同じであるか大きい第2の抗菌性組成物を提供することを含む方法。 - 該少なくとも1つの界面活性剤が前記第2の抗菌性組成物から除去される、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記第2の抗菌性組成物の前記溶剤成分が15.8未満のδp値を有する、請求項11または12記載の方法。
- 前記第2の抗菌性組成物の前記溶剤成分が15.7未満のδp値を有する、請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記第2の抗菌性組成物の前記溶剤成分が15.5未満のδp値を有する、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記の1以上の有機液体が以下の一般式を有するエーテルを含む、請求項11または12記載の方法:。
R1(CH2)xO−R2−[O(CH2)z]yZ
ここで、xは0〜20の整数であり、yは0または1であり、zは1〜4の整数であり、R2はC1−C6の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキレン基であり、R1はメチル、イソプロピルあるいはフェニル基であり、Zは水酸基またはメトキシ基である。 - xが2〜20の整数であり、該エーテルが任意に1以上のエチレン性不飽和基を含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- Zが水酸基である、請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記1以上の有機液体が、環式およびC1−C16非環式アルコールを含み、任意に1以上のエチレン性不飽和基および/またはアルコール酸素以外の1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含む、請求項11または12記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の抗菌性組成物のそれぞれが、少なくとも1.0 Osm/Lの有効な溶質濃度を有する、請求項11または12記載の方法。
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