JP2016509596A - 乳癌の治療のためのmelk調節 - Google Patents
乳癌の治療のためのmelk調節 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016509596A JP2016509596A JP2015552747A JP2015552747A JP2016509596A JP 2016509596 A JP2016509596 A JP 2016509596A JP 2015552747 A JP2015552747 A JP 2015552747A JP 2015552747 A JP2015552747 A JP 2015552747A JP 2016509596 A JP2016509596 A JP 2016509596A
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Abstract
Description
[0002] 本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所によって授与された連邦政府認可番号CA134502、P50CA089393−08S1、及びCA148164−01と米国国防省によって授与された連邦政府認可番号BC051565の下での政府支援でなされた。米国政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
[0043] 母性胚性ロイシンジッパーキナーゼ(MELK)は、AMP活性化プロテインキナーゼ(AMPK)セリン/スレオニンキナーゼファミリーの非典型的なメンバーである。MELKは、幹細胞再生、細胞周期進行、及びプレmRNAスプライシングに関連すると示唆されてきた(遺伝子ID 9833)。
[0045] 哺乳動物の転写因子のフォークヘッド(Forkhead)ボックス(Fox)ファミリーには、ウィングド(winged)ヘリックスDNA結合ドメインにおいて相同性を共有する、50種より多い哺乳動物タンパク質が含まれる。FoxM1転写因子の発現は、細胞周期のG1期に誘導されて、その発現は、S期と有糸分裂の間も継続する。FoxM1は、すべての増殖中の哺乳動物細胞と腫瘍由来細胞系において発現されて、その発現は、細胞周期を脱した最終分化細胞において消失する。FoxM1タンパク質の転写活性は、Ras−MAPKシグナル伝達に依存している(Wang et al. 2005)。FoxM1は、多くのG2期特異的遺伝子の発現を調節して、染色体安定性に必須である。FoxM1の損失は、G2期の遅延、染色体の誤分離、及び度重なるサイトキネシスの失敗が含まれる、多面的な細胞周期障害をもたらす。適時の有糸分裂エントリーには、FoxM1によるサイクリンBの転写活性化が必須である(Laoukili et al. 2005)。
[0047] 乳癌は、組織学、治療応答、及び患者の治療転帰において高度の多様性がある、異質性疾患である。転写プロファイリング解析により、乳癌の少なくとも5種の「固有」サブタイプ:正常乳腺様、ルミナルA、ルミナルB、HER2/Neu高濃度、及び基底細胞様乳癌(BBC)が再現性よく同定されてきた(Perou et al., 2000; Sorlie et al., 2001)。そのルミナル対照物とは異なって、BBC細胞では、エストロゲン受容体(ER)とプロゲステロン受容体(PR)の発現が欠落しているので、臨床的に定義される「トリプルネガティブ」乳癌(TNBC)(これも、ER/PR発現の欠損によって特性決定される)と重なる部分が多い(Foulkes et al. 2010; Perou 2011)。ルミナル乳癌の治療にきわめて有効である標的指向療法に対してBBC又はTNBC細胞が相対的に無反応であるのは、これらの分子標的が欠損しているためである。本発明の1つの側面は、エストロゲン受容体陰性(ER−)である癌細胞を有する乳癌被験者を同定する。本発明の別の側面は、プロゲステロン受容体陰性(PR−)である癌細胞を有する乳癌被験者を同定する。本発明のなお別の側面は、HER2陰性(HER2−)である癌細胞を有する乳癌被験者を同定する。いくつかの態様では、ER−でPR−である被験者を同定する。いくつかの態様では、ER−、PR−、及びHER2−である被験者を同定する。
[0050] 本明細書に使用するように、乳癌細胞を「阻害する」、「阻害すること」、又は「その成長又は増殖を阻害する」という用語は、乳癌細胞の成長を遅らせること、妨げること、阻むこと、又は止めることを意味して、必ずしも乳癌細胞成長の完全な消失を含意しない。「阻害する」、「阻害すること」、等の用語は、2つの状態間の定量的な差異を示して、2つの状態間の少なくとも統計学的に有意な差を意味する。例えば、「乳癌細胞の成長を阻害するのに有効な量」は、その細胞の成長の速度が未処理細胞のそれより少なくとも統計学的に有意に異なるようになることを意味する。そのような用語は、本明細書において、例えば、細胞増殖の速度へ適用される。
[0064] いくつかの態様において、MELK阻害剤及び/又はFoxM1阻害剤は、ベクターのような核酸送達系を使用して、細胞へ送達され得る。「ベクター」という用語は、ヘルパーウイルスのような適切な制御要素と結合するときに複製が可能であって、遺伝子配列を細胞間で移すことができる、プラスミド、ファージ、トランスポゾン、コスミド、染色体、ウイルス、ビリオン、等のような、どの遺伝要素にも言及する。従って、この用語には、クローニングと発現の担体、並びに複製欠損ウイルスベクターが含まれる。当該技術分野では、多種類のベクターが存在して、公知である。
[0076] 本発明のsiRNAはまた、2つの別々な相補的なRNA分子として、又は2つの相補的な領域がある単一のRNA分子として、組換えプラスミドより発現されてよい。
[0082] いくつかの側面において、本発明は、1以上の診断又は予後マーカーの試料(例、癌患者からの生体試料)中の存在を検出する方法に関する。当業者に知られている多様なスクリーニング方法を使用して、DNA、RNA、及びタンパク質の検出を含めて、試料中のマーカーの存在を検出することができる。下記に記載する技術を使用して、非癌被験者より入手される試料と比べた、患者より入手される試料中のMELK及び/又はFoxM1の存在又は非存在、又は量を決定することができる。いくつかの態様では、患者について、ER、PR、及び/又はHER2受容体の状況を検査することができる。ER−、ER−/PR−、又はER−/PR−/HER2−状況を有する患者における、MELK及び/又はFoxM1の同定、又はMELK及び/又はFoxM1の発現レベルは、医師が患者への治療プロトコールを決定するのに役立つ。
[0086] 様々な態様において、本発明は、癌を有する患者の治療の方法を提供する。この方法は、概して、阻害剤の投与を含む。1つの阻害剤は、MELK阻害剤であり得る。1つの阻害剤は、FoxM1阻害剤であり得る。この方法には、MELK阻害剤とFoxM1阻害剤の投与が含まれる場合がある。
[00116] ヒト初代細胞を明確な遺伝要素で形質転換することは、発癌性の形質転換に関与する特定の遺伝子又は経路を同定するための強力な方法である(Hahn et al.,1999; Zhao et al., 2004)。この目的のために、ヒト乳癌の病理発生に類似する生体内腫瘍生成モデルを開発した。発癌遺伝子キナーゼの研究に適したヒト乳腺上皮細胞(HMEC)ベースの形質転換系が以前に確立された(Zhao et al., 2003)。この系をさらに最適化するために、p53の優性ネガティブ型(p53DD)、NeuT、及びPI3KCA H1047Rを発現するようにHMECを工学処理した。生じる細胞(HMECs−DD−NeuT−PI3KCAと命名)は、マウスにおいて正所性の腫瘍を生成するその能力によって判定されるように、完全に形質転換されていた(図面1A)。このモデルは、乳癌において優勢である、ErbB2とPI3KCAの同時活性化に似ている(Stephens et al., 2012)。
[00125] 乳癌の異質性を考慮して、遺伝子発現プロファイリング(Perou et al., 2000; Sorlie et al., 2001)によって定義されるような異なるサブタイプの乳癌においてMELK発現を解析した。多数の乳癌データセット中の標本をPAM50遺伝子サインによって特性決定した(Parker et al., 2009)。全部で1200名を超える患者からなる4つの独立したコホートでは、これらの異なるサブタイプの間で、衝撃的に類似したMELK発現のパターンが観測された(図面3E、4E)。ルミナルAと正常細胞様サブタイプは、MELKの最低の発現を示した。ルミナル特異的遺伝子のより低い発現を有するルミナルB腫瘍(Solie et al., 2001)とHER2濃縮腫瘍は、ルミナルA又は正常細胞様腫瘍より高いMELK発現を有した(p<0.0001)。最後に、基底細胞様乳癌(BBC)は、すべてのサブタイプの中で最高のMELK発現を示した(p<0.0001)。これらの観測事実は、MELK発現がルミナルマーカーの発現と負に相関するというパターンを示す。実に、MELKの発現とエストロゲン受容体(ER又はESR1)の発現との間には、有意な逆相関性が見出された(図面3F、4F、14A)。
[00128] MELKの有意な予後的価値は、(特に、基底細胞様)乳癌におけるその顕著な過剰発現と相俟って、MELKが発癌において決定的な役割を担う可能性があることを示唆した。ヒト癌では、MELK中の突然変異がほとんど同定されていないので、発癌には、野生型MELKの過剰発現で十分であると仮定した。最初に、初期の腫瘍生成スクリーニングにおいて使用するモデル系であるHMEC−DD−NeuT細胞において、MELKの過剰発現が腫瘍生成を促進することができるという確証について検討した。HMEC−DD−NeuT細胞を再び工学的に処理して、野生型(wt−)又はミリストイル化(myr−)MELKを発現するようにした(註:初期スクリーニングにおけるキナーゼをミリストイル化した(Boehm et al., 2007))。空ベクターを発現するHMEC−DD−NeuT細胞がマウスにおいて腫瘍を形成することができなかったのに対し、これらの細胞におけるWT−又はmyr−MELKの過剰発現は、2ヶ月以内に、100%のぺネトランス(penetrance)で腫瘍生成をもたらした(図面5A)。
[00145] プラスミド
[00146] 記載のキナーゼライブラリーに寄託された鋳型DNAを使用してヒトMELKを増幅して、モロニーマウス白血病ウイルスの長い末端反復配列によって標的遺伝子発現が推進される、pWZLレトロウイルスベクター(Zhao et al., 2003)へクローン化した。MELK突然変異体(D150A、T167A、又はサイレント突然変異のあるshMELK抵抗性MELK)は、Quickchange XL 部位特異的突然変異誘発キット(Stratagene)により産生した。プライマーを下記の表S2に収載する。テトラサイクリン誘導遺伝子発現系を構築するために、表S2に収載するプライマーを使用して、GFP又は突然変異型MELKを増幅した。PCR産物をAgeIとPacIで消化して、消化済みのpLKO−TREX(Wee et al., 2008)と連結した。
[00150] ヒト乳腺上皮細胞(HMEC)をEGF(10ng/ml)、インスリン(10μg/ml)、及びヒドロコーチゾン(0.5μg/ml)を補充したDMEM/F−12において5% CO2と37℃下に維持した。Rat1細胞とHEK293T細胞を10% FBS(Invitrogen)を補充したDMEMにおいて維持した。すべての乳癌細胞系(MCF7、T47D、MDA−MB−468、MDA−MB−231、MDA−MB−436、HCC1197、BT549)を10% FBSを補充したRPMI 1640培地において培養した。テトラサイクリン誘導遺伝子/shRNAを安定的に導入した細胞には、Tet承認FBS(Clontech)を使用した。
[00152] 典型的には、乳癌細胞を12ウェルプレートにおいて1ml培地に1〜2x104個で播種した。翌日、ウェルに110μlの培地を1μg/mlのドキシサイクリン無しで、又は有りで(100ng/mlの最終濃度に達する)加えて、これを2日ごとに繰り返した。最初の処理から6日後、細胞をホルムアミドで固定して、クロマチン結合性の細胞化学染料であるクリスタルバイオレット(0.05%、重量/容積)で染色した。このプレートを十分に(extensively)洗浄して、フラットベッドスキャナーで造影した。この染色の定量のために、各ウェルへ1mlの10%酢酸を加えて、色素を抽出した。吸光度は、750nmを基準値として、590nmで測定した。
[00154] このアッセイは、他に述べなければ、典型的には12ウェルプレートにおいて実施した。0.3%寒天を含有する培地に細胞を懸濁させて、0.6%寒天の層の上へ蒔いた(各ウェルについて、800μlの培地、1mlのボトム寒天中4,000個の細胞)。翌日、このウェルに培地(100ng/mlのドキシサイクリン無し、又は有りで)を加えた。細胞播種から3週間後、コロニーをホルムアミドで固定して、造影した。各ウェル中のコロニー数を、ImageJ(アメリカ国立衛生研究所)を使用して定量した。
[00156] 異種移植片試験は、いずれもアメリカ国立衛生研究所からの動物使用ガイドラインと、Dana-Farber 癌研究所の動物実験委員会によって承認されたプロトコールに従って実施した。使用したレシピエントマウスは、NCR−ヌードマウス(CrTac:NCr-Foxn1nu,Taconic)であった。細胞を40%のマトリゲル−基底膜マトリックス、LDEVフリー(BD Biosciences)に再懸濁させて、注射するまで氷上に置いた。ヒト細胞系を移植するために、注射の同日に、マウスに400ラドの単一線量をγ線照射した。イソフルランの吸入によってマウスを麻酔して、部位につき150μlの細胞(5x106個)を注射した。腫瘍をノギスによって2次元で測定した。式:V=0.5x長さx幅x幅を使用して、腫瘍体積を計算した。いずれの異種移植片データも、平均±SEMとして提示する。スチュ−デントの両側t検定を使用して、処置群間の比較を実行した。Openoffice 又は GraphPad Prism バージョン5.0bのいずれかを使用して、計算を実施した。
[00158] 自動焦点維持装置と湿式インキュベーションチャンバ(37℃,5% CO2)を装備した Nikon Ti 電動倒立顕微鏡(ニコンイメージングセンター、ハーバード医学校)で時間経過イメージングを実施した。H2B GFPを安定的に発現する細胞を24ウェルのガラス底プレートに予め播種して、未処理のままにするか又はドキシサイクリン(最終濃度:100ng/ml)で処理した。20倍の対物レンズと Hamamatsu ORCA-AG 冷却CCDカメラで画像を5分ごとに捉えた。ImageJ(アメリカ国立衛生研究所)を使用して、画像を解析した。
[00160] 予め24ウェルプレート中へ置いたNo.1.5カバーガラス(12mm,円形)上に細胞を播種した。採取してすぐに、細胞を4%ホルムアミドで10分間固定した。洗浄後、細胞を0.1% Trition X-100 で10分間透過処理した。次いで、細胞を洗浄して、1%ウシ血清で30分間ブロックした後で、1%ウシ血清アルブミンを含有するPBSにおいて調製した一次抗体(抗β−チューブリン、#2128、Cell Signaling Technology)とともにインキュベートした。4℃で一晩インキュベートした後で、この試料を洗浄して、Alexa 488 コンジュゲート化二次抗体(Invitrogen)とともに室温で1時間インキュベートした。十分な洗浄の後で、試料を乾燥させて、ProLong Antifade 試薬(Invitrogen)とともに搭載した。Hamamatsu C8484-03 モノクロームカメラを装備した、ニコンイメージングセンター(ハーバード医学校)の Nikon 80i 直立顕微鏡で画像を獲得した。画像の解析には、異なる色の合流チャンネルとクロッピングが含まれる、Image J を使用した。
[00162] プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(ロシュ)とホスファターゼ阻害剤カクテル(Thermo Scientific)を補充したRIPA緩衝液(25mMトリス(pH7.4)、150mM NaCl、1%ノニデットP−40、0.5%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、及び0.1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム)で細胞を溶解した。澄明化した溶解液について、BCAキット(Thermo Scientific)を使用して、タンパク質濃度を分析した。等量のタンパク質(10〜20μg)を8%若しくは10% SDS−PAGE上で分離させて、引き続き、ニトロセルロース膜又は二フッ化ポリビニリデン膜(アマーシャム)の上へ移した。この膜を5%脱脂乳でブロックしてから、一次抗体とともに4℃で一晩インキュベートした。洗浄後、この膜をフルオロフォアコンジュゲート化二次抗体とともに室温で1時間インキュベートした。次いで、この膜を洗浄して、オデッセイ(Odyssey)赤外線スキャナー(Li-Cor Biosciences)で走査した。この試験で使用した一次抗体には、抗MELK(Epitomics,#2916)、抗α−チューブリン(Abcam)、抗サイクリンB1(ミリポア)、抗ビンクリン(シグマ)、抗FoxM1(Santa Cruz)、抗β−チューブリン、抗ホスホ−Akt(S473)、抗ホスホAkt(T308)、抗総Akt、抗Flag、抗切断型PARP(Asp214)、抗切断型カスパーゼ3、抗AURKA、抗AURKB、抗p27(いずれも、Cell Signaling Technology 由来)が含まれる。使用した二次抗体は、IRDye700コンジュゲート化抗ウサギIgGとIRDye800コンジュゲート化抗マウスIgG(Rockland)であった。
[00164] トリプシン処理によって細胞を採取して、繰り返しピペッティングして、単細胞懸濁液とした。遠心分離の後で、ボルテックスしながら70%エタノール(−20℃)を滴下することによって、細胞を固定した。次いで、50μg/mlのDNアーゼフリーRNアーゼA(シグマ)と0.5%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含有するヨウ化プロピジウム(50μg/ml,シグマ)溶液で細胞を染色した。30分のインキュベーションの後で、試料を洗浄して、0.5% BSAに再懸濁させた。この分析は、DFCIフローサイトメトリーコアファシリティ(Core Facility)での LSRFortessa(BD Biosciences)で実施した。FL3−AをFL3−Hに対してプロットすることにより単細胞にゲートをかけて、細胞残滓とダブレットを排除した。各試料につき少なくとも1万個の単細胞を採取した。
[00166] 既報(Lee et al., 2006)のように、クロマチン免疫沈降を実施した。採取時に、細胞培養皿中の培地に16%ホルムアミド(Electron Microscopy Sciences)を加えて、1%の最終濃度に達せしめて、室温で10分間のインキュベーションの後で、グリシン(最終125mM、5分のインキュベーション)でクエンチした。細胞を冷PBS中へ削り落とすことによって採取して、遠心分離させた。細胞ペレットをLB1(50mM HEPES(pH7.5)、140mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、10%グリセロール、0.5% NP−40、0.25% Triton−X−100)で溶解させてから、遠心分離後に、LB2(10mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0)、200mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、0.5mM EGTA)で溶解させて、再び遠心分離の後で、LB3(10mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0)、100mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、0.5mM EGTA、0.1%デオキシコール酸Na、0.5% N−ラウロイルサルコシン)に再懸濁させた。Q800R DNA剪断ソニケーター(Shearing Sonicator)(Qsonica)を振幅50%、30秒のオンと30秒のオフのパルスで10分間使用して、試料を音波破砕した。次いで、試料に10% Triton−X100を1%の最終濃度で補充して、20,000xgで10分間、4℃で遠心分離させた。この澄明化した溶解液を以下の免疫沈澱に使用し、50μlの溶解液をインプットとして取っておいた。
[00169] 培養細胞より、均質化用の QIAshredder スピンカラムとカラム上でのDNアーゼ消化を使用して、RNeasy Mini キット(Qiagen)で全RNAを抽出した。高性能RNA→cDNA合成キット(High Capacity RNA to-cDNA Kit)(アプライド・バイオシステムズ)を使用して、2マイクログラムのRNAを逆転写した。Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix(アプライド・バイオシステムズ)を ABI7300 リアルタイムPCRシステムで使用して、cDNAを定量的に分析した。使用するプライマーは、表S2に収載した。サイクリング条件は、95℃で15分間、94℃で15秒、55℃で30秒、及び72℃で30秒の40サイクルであった。デフォルト分析設定を使用して、Ct値を発生させた。ΔCTをCt(目的の遺伝子)−Ct(βアクチン)として定義した。ΔΔCTをΔCt(処理試料)−Ct(対照試料)として定義した。相対定量(RQ)を2−ΔΔCTとして計算した。統計解析は、スチューデントの検定によって実施した。
[00171] 遺伝子発現データを Oncomine(Rhodes et al., 2004)よりダウンロードした。臨床データセットの情報を表S1に収載する。解析結果と図面は、GraphPad Prism で作製した。ドットプロットグラフにおいて、各ドットは個々の試料を示し、結果を四分位範囲付きのメジアンとして表す。
[00173] 全生存率又は無転移生存率のデータが利用可能である乳癌患者の独立したコホートについて検証した。このコホートの情報を表S1に収載する。MELK発現と関連する生存率のデータを Oncomine(Rhodes et al., 2004)よりダウンロードした。それぞれのコホートで、MELKの発現に基づいて、患者を上位60%の「高MELK」群と下位40%の「低MELK」群へ分けた。カプラン・マイヤー曲線、並びにログランク(Mantel-Cox)検定、及びハザード比について、GraphPad Prism によって解析した。
[00175] 2群間と3群間の差分比較のためにスチューデントの両側t検定とANOVA(分散分析)をそれぞれ使用した。生存率との相関性の分析を GraphPad Prism で実施した。
Claims (43)
- 乳癌細胞の成長又は増殖を阻害することの必要な被験者へそれを阻害するのに有効である量でMELK阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、該乳癌細胞の成長又は増殖を阻害するための方法であって;
ここで該乳癌細胞は、エストロゲン受容体(ER)陰性である、前記方法。 - MELK阻害剤がsiRNAをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- siRNAがshRNAを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するshRNAを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 乳癌細胞がプロゲステロン受容体(PR)陰性である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌細胞がヒト表皮成長因子受容体2(HER2)陰性である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌細胞の成長又は増殖を阻害することの必要な被験者へそれを阻害するのに有効である量でMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、該乳癌細胞の成長又は増殖を阻害するための方法であって;
ここで該乳癌細胞は、エストロゲン受容体(ER)陰性である、前記方法。 - MELK阻害剤がsiRNAをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- siRNAがshRNAを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するshRNAを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がsiRNAを含む、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤が配列番号29からなるヌクレオチド配列を有するsiRNAを含む、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がチオストレプトンである、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌細胞がプロゲステロン受容体(PR)陰性である、請求項7〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌細胞がヒト表皮成長因子受容体2(HER2)陰性である、請求項7〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌を有する被験者を治療するための方法であって:
該被験者の乳癌細胞中のエストロゲン受容体発現状況を判定すること;
エストロゲン受容体陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、前記方法。 - 被験者の乳癌細胞中のプロゲステロン受容体発現状況を判定すること;及び、エストロゲン受容体陰性であってプロゲステロン受容体陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 被験者の乳癌細胞中のヒト表皮成長因子受容体2発現状況を判定すること;及び、ヒト表皮成長因子受容体2陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がsiRNAをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項16〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- siRNAがshRNAを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するshRNAを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がMELKのプロモーター領域へのFoxM1の結合に干渉する、請求項16〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳癌を有する被験者を治療するための方法であって:
該被験者の乳癌細胞中のエストロゲン受容体発現状況を判定すること;
エストロゲン受容体陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、前記方法。 - 被験者の乳癌細胞中のプロゲステロン受容体発現状況を判定すること;及び、エストロゲン受容体陰性であってプロゲステロン受容体陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 被験者の乳癌細胞中のヒト表皮成長因子受容体2発現状況を判定すること;及び、ヒト表皮成長因子受容体2陰性である乳癌細胞を有する被験者へMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、請求項23又は24に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がsiRNAをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項23〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- siRNAがshRNAを含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するshRNAを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がsiRNAを含む、請求項23〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤が配列番号29からなるヌクレオチド配列を有するsiRNAを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がチオストレプトンである、請求項23〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がMELK1のプロモーター領域へのFoxM1の結合に干渉する、請求項23〜27と請求項29〜31のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤又はFoxM1阻害剤での治療から利益を得る可能性がある担癌被験者を同定する方法であって:
被験者の乳癌細胞中のエストロゲン受容体発現状況を判定すること;及び/又は
非乳癌細胞と比べて乳癌細胞中のMELK発現レベルを判定すること;及び
エストロゲン受容体陰性である、及び/又は非乳癌細胞と比べて乳癌細胞におけるMELKの発現レベルがより高い乳癌細胞を有する被験者を同定することを含んでなり;
ここでエストロゲン受容体陰性の乳癌細胞、及び/又はより高いレベルのMELK発現を有する被験者は、該被験者をMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤で治療することの必要性を示す、前記方法。 - 被験者へMELK阻害剤、FoxM1阻害剤、又はMELK阻害剤及びFoxM1阻害剤を投与することを含んでなる、請求項33に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がsiRNAをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項33又は34に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するshRNAを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がsiRNAを含む、請求項33〜35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤が配列番号29からなるヌクレオチド配列を有するsiRNAを含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- FoxM1阻害剤がチオストレプトンである、請求項33〜35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- MELK阻害剤がMELKのプロモーター領域へのFoxM1の結合に干渉する、請求項33〜35と請求項37〜39のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 被験者の乳癌細胞中のプロゲステロン受容体発現状況を判定することを含んでなる、請求項33〜39のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- MELKの発現を下方調節することが可能な薬剤の有効量と医薬的に許容される担体を含んでなる組成物であって、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択されるMELK標的ヌクレオチド配列を有するsiRNAを含む、前記組成物。
- siRNAが配列番号5〜配列番号12からなる群より選択されるヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項42の組成物。
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US20170298360A1 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-10-19 | Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Lats and breast cancer |
KR101682083B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-12-05 | 한국화학연구원 | MELK 발현을 억제하는 신규 MELK shRNA 및 이의 용도 |
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WO2018043311A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | オンコセラピー・サイエンス株式会社 | Melkに対するモノクローナル抗体およびその使用 |
CN112218845A (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-01-12 | 伊利诺伊大学理事会 | Foxm1抑制剂组合物及其使用方法 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2019200151A (ja) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | オリンパス株式会社 | 細胞集塊の細胞増殖能評価方法 |
JP7109730B2 (ja) | 2018-05-17 | 2022-08-01 | 株式会社エビデント | 細胞集塊の細胞増殖能評価方法 |
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US9540619B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
WO2014110163A3 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
EP2943505A2 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
JP2018168193A (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
US20150353935A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
US20170073687A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
HK1213909A1 (zh) | 2016-07-15 |
WO2014110163A2 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
JP6470184B2 (ja) | 2019-02-13 |
CN104995208A (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
ES2669450T3 (es) | 2018-05-25 |
EP2943505B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
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