JP2016501988A - 耐食皮膜を用意する方法 - Google Patents
耐食皮膜を用意する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016501988A JP2016501988A JP2015550197A JP2015550197A JP2016501988A JP 2016501988 A JP2016501988 A JP 2016501988A JP 2015550197 A JP2015550197 A JP 2015550197A JP 2015550197 A JP2015550197 A JP 2015550197A JP 2016501988 A JP2016501988 A JP 2016501988A
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/48—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
a)基板の表面を陽極酸化してマイクロメートル厚未満のサブコーティングを基板上に形成するステップと、b)前記陽極酸化サブコーティング上に原子層堆積(ALD)を行ってナノメートルのトップレイヤーを加えるステップとを含む(図1参照)。これは、薄い皮膜を形成し、皮膜された物品の寸法を実質的に増やさない。陽極酸化ステップは、活性な腐食形成サイトを表面から除去し、硬く柔軟な皮膜を提供するのに対して、ALDステップは、陽極酸化皮膜における細孔や別の欠陥を封止して/塞いで、全表面を封止して材料に引き起こす腐食の開始を防止する。ALDにより形成されたトップ部分は、陽極酸化サブレイヤーよりも耐化学性の材料で形成され、皮膜の耐食性も良好にする。
a)第1の陽極酸化処理ステップを物品の非汚染表面に対して、更なる洗浄および均質化のために適用するステップであって、薄片状のパーティクルのみならず弱く結合したパーティクル、および物品の極表層に埋没している化学的に安定であるが電気化学的に活性な相の小さな粒子が除去されるステップと、
b)第2の陽極酸化処理ステップを物品の表面に適用し、必要な厚み、密度、均質性、表面ナノ構造を有する保護サブレイヤーを形成するステップと、その後、
c)より良好な耐化学性を有し、細孔およびクラックの封止材としてのトップレイヤーを追加するために、陽極酸化サブコーティングに原子層堆積処理を適用して、耐食コーティングの改質および仕上げをするステップと、
を含む。
a)金属物品の特別な熱処理中に機械的特性を悪化させない値を超えない温度、例えば、あるAl合金に対しては160℃以下で、
b)物品表面の陽極酸化層の全長における細孔およびクラックの壁への原子層フィルムの安定な成長を保証するガス圧および流量値で、第1の前駆体に対して、パージに対して、第2の前駆体に対して、そしてパージに対して、それぞれ、(0.01〜300)−(0.01〜500)−(0.01〜300)−(0.01〜500)の範囲の成長パルス時間で、あるいは特別な用途に対してはより長い時間で、
c)適切なALD前駆体を用い、必要な追加のアクチベーターにより
行われる。
c)ALD前駆体を用い、例えば酸化物、窒化物、炭酸塩、炭化物またはそれらの混合物、あるいは積層体、セラミックスおよび金属層を有する積層体、無機ポリマーまたは有機ポリマーおよびセラミックス層を有する積層体を含むが限定されない、必要な硬度および弾性率、さらに必要であれば表面を機能化する、耐化学性材料の封止フィルム/積層体が得られる、必要な追加のアクチベーター、例えば、プラズマ、光/放射線、温度/圧力変更等により、行われる。
a)金属基板の表面を陽極酸化して、金属基板に自然に良好に付着する薄いベースサブレイヤーを形成するステップを含む。処理のあるパラメータを用いて、用意されたサブレイヤーは薄く均質に緊密に形成され、低密度の細孔およびクラックを有し、比較的硬い。層の1マイクロメートルまでの厚みは、皮膜のある機械的柔軟性を提供する。
また、本方法は、
b)ある処理パラメータを用いて陽極酸化サブコーティングに対してALD法を実行して、酸化物/水酸化物のベースサブレイヤーに強く(化学的に)結合し、陽極酸化サブレイヤーに存在する細孔の3次元ネットワークを含む層を均一に被覆し、陽極酸化サブレイヤーを理想的に封止して皮膜を完全に無欠陥にするナノメートル厚のトップレイヤーを追加する。
a)前記金属物品に電圧を印加することにより前記金属物品の表面を陽極酸化して、前記基板上にサブコーティングを形成するステップであって、陽極酸化に使用される電圧パラメータは、前記表面の層を均質化して、細孔の数を最小化するように選択される、ステップと、
b)原子層堆積(ALD)により、前記陽極酸化サブコーティング上に堆積して、下方の前記金属物品を腐食しうる材料によって腐食されない第2の材料の最表層を追加し、全表面が、下方の前記金属物品を腐食する材料が下方の前記金属物品に到達するのを防ぐことにより、下方の陽極酸化層を分解するのを防ぐように、前記細孔の開口を封止または塞ぐことなく、細孔を含む前記第2の材料により被覆される、ステップとを含むことを特徴とする方法を提供する。
これは、薄い皮膜を形成し、皮膜された物品の寸法を実質的に増やさない。陽極酸化ステップは、活性な腐食形成サイトを表面から除去し、硬く柔軟な皮膜を提供するのに対して、ALDステップは、陽極酸化皮膜における細孔や別の欠陥を封止して/塞いで、全表面を封止して材料に引き起こす腐食の開始を防止する。ALDにより形成されたトップ部分は、陽極酸化サブレイヤーよりも耐化学性の材料で形成され、皮膜の耐食性も良好にする。
Claims (35)
- 金属基板上に耐食皮膜を用意する方法であって、
a)前記基板の表面を陽極酸化して、前記基板上にサブコーティングを形成するステップと、
b)前記陽極酸化サブコーティング上に原子層堆積を実行して前記基板に最表層を追加するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記陽極酸化ステップは2段階で行われ、第1の陽極酸化段階では、表層の均質化のために電気ポテンシャルが前記基板に印加され、第2の陽極酸化段階では、電気ポテンシャルが前記基板に印加されて保護サブレイヤーが形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の陽極酸化段階中の前記電気ポテンシャルは、第1の電圧プロファイルに従って変更される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電圧プロファイルは、0ボルトと2ボルトとの間の増加性のポテンシャルを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ポテンシャルは、1mV/sと50mV/sとの間の任意の値の速度で増加される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電圧プロファイルは、1〜50サイクルの間繰り返される、請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の陽極酸化段階中のポテンシャルは、第2の電圧プロファイルに従って変更される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の電圧プロファイルは、0ボルトと20ボルトとの間の増加性のポテンシャルを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ポテンシャルは、0mV/sと100mV/sとの間の任意の値の速度で増加される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の電圧プロファイルは、1〜100サイクルの間繰り返される、請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記陽極酸化段階は、ボルタンメトリーを用いて実行される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は陽極酸化前に洗浄される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記洗浄は、前記基板の表面を研削することにより行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記洗浄は、超音波処理により行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記洗浄は研削および超音波処理により行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記陽極酸化ステップ中に使用される電解質溶液は、0.1%〜80%濃度の酸である、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸は、水または別の適切な液体における硫酸、ホウ酸、リン酸、酒石酸、シュウ酸および/またはこれらの酸の混合物を含む無機および/または有機酸を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記陽極酸化は、3電極電気化学/陽極酸化浴中で行われる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記原子層堆積処理は適切なシステム中で行われ、前記基板を第1の前駆体ガスに晒すステップと、前記システムから前記第1の前駆体ガスをパージするステップと、前記基板を第2の前駆体ガスに晒すステップと、前記システムから前記第2の前駆体ガスをパージするステップと、前記基板を前記基板の機械的特性が変化する温度よりも低い温度に維持するステップと、
を含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は前記前駆体ガスに0.01秒〜300秒の範囲の期間晒される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記システムは0.01秒〜500秒の範囲の期間、前記前駆体ガスがパージされる、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 追加の反応アクチベーターが使用される、請求項19〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アクチベーターは、少なくとも1つのフィルム皮膜で前記サブコーティングを封止するための、プラズマ、光/放射線、または電場/磁場、温度または圧力変化を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記金属基板は、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、バナジウム、亜鉛、ニオブ、カドミウム、ハフニウム、タンタルまたはそれらの合金を含むが限定されない陽極酸化金属を含む、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記原子層堆積処理が繰り返されて、複数の積層を有するトップレイヤーを形成する、請求項7〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記トップレイヤー原子層が堆積された皮膜は、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、タンタル、ハフニウム、スカンジウム、マグネシウム、シリコン、クロム、モリブデン、銅、ルテニウム、酸化銀の酸化物、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、タンタル、ハフニウム、クロム、モリブデン、窒化シリコンの窒化物、炭酸カルシウム、ヒドロキシルアパタイトのカルシウム化合物、ポリシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリシラザンであるポリマー、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、タンタル、ハフニウム、クロム、モリブデン、炭化シリコンの炭化物、アモルファス混合酸化物層から生成されたセラミック材料から選択された材料の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 耐食皮膜を有する金属物品であって、
前記皮膜は二層構造を有し、前記皮膜は、前記金属の酸化物と水酸化物との混合物を含む均質なベース部分と、耐化学性材料の少なくとも1つのトップ部分とを有することを特徴とする金属物品。 - 前記皮膜のベース部分は前記金属物品に化学的に結合され、前記皮膜のトップ部分は前記皮膜のベース部分に化学的に結合している、請求項27に記載の金属物品。
- 前記ベース部分は細孔を有し、前記トップ部分は前記ベース部分の細孔を実質的に満たしている、請求項27または28に記載の金属物品。
- 前記金属物品は、例えばアルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、バナジウム、亜鉛、ニオブ、カドミウム、ハフニウム、タンタルまたはそれらの合金であるが限定されない、陽極酸化可能な金属で形成されている、請求項27〜29のいずれか1項に記載の金属物品。
- 前記ベース部分は、前記金属物品の陽極酸化層で形成されている、請求項27〜30のいずれか1項に記載の金属物品。
- 前記トップレイヤーは酸化物、窒化物、炭酸塩、炭化物またはそれらの混合物、あるいは積層体、またはセラミックスおよび金属層を有する積層体、または無機および/または有機ポリマー、およびセラミック層を有する積層体を備える、請求項27〜31のいずれか1項に記載の金属物品。
- 前記トップレイヤーは、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、タンタル、ハフニウム、スカンジウム、マグネシウム、シリコン、クロム、モリブデン、銅、ルテニウム、酸化銀の酸化物、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、タンタル、ハフニウム、クロム、モリブデン、窒化シリコンの窒化物、炭酸カルシウム、ヒドロキシルアパタイトのカルシウム化合物、ポリシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリシラザンであるポリマー、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、タンタル、ハフニウム、クロム、モリブデン、炭化シリコンの炭化物、アモルファス混合酸化物層から生成されたセラミック材料から選択された材料の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項27〜32のいずれか1項に記載の金属物品。
- 前記皮膜の厚みは1マイクロメートル厚未満である、請求項27〜33のいずれか1項に記載の金属物品。
- 耐食皮膜を有する金属物品であって、前記皮膜は請求項1〜26に記載の方法を用いて形成されていることを特徴とする金属物品。
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JP6336477B2 (ja) | 2018-06-06 |
GB2509335A (en) | 2014-07-02 |
US20150368822A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
WO2014102758A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
US9834849B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
EP2938758A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
US20180094358A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
GB201223532D0 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2938758B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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