JP2016005826A - 酸素還元触媒および燃料電池 - Google Patents
酸素還元触媒および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016005826A JP2016005826A JP2014127073A JP2014127073A JP2016005826A JP 2016005826 A JP2016005826 A JP 2016005826A JP 2014127073 A JP2014127073 A JP 2014127073A JP 2014127073 A JP2014127073 A JP 2014127073A JP 2016005826 A JP2016005826 A JP 2016005826A
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- fuel
- side electrode
- reduction catalyst
- transition metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JOHZPMXAZQZXHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pipemidic acid Chemical compound N1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CN=C1N1CCNCC1 JOHZPMXAZQZXHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960001732 pipemidic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 zinc (Zn) Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 7
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- JWYUFVNJZUSCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(N)=NC2=C1 JWYUFVNJZUSCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-hydroxy-2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-2-methyl-3-propanoyloxypentanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC(=O)CC)C(C)C(O)=O)OC11OC(C)(C2OC(C)(CC2)C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CC1 ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-n-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1NC(C)(C)CN1C(N=C1N)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000377 hydrazine sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012493 hydrazine sulfate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
極に用いられる酸素還元触媒、および、その酸素還元触媒を含有する酸素側電極を備える
燃料電池に関する。
H2)、水加ヒドラジン(NH2NH2・H2O)、硫酸ヒドラジン(NH2NH2・H2SO4)、アンモニア(NH3)、ヒドロキシルアミン(NH2OH)、硫酸ヒドロキシルアミン(NH2OH・H2SO4)などは、後述するヒドラジンの反応のように、COによる触媒の被毒がないので耐久性の向上を図ることができ、実質的なゼロエミッションを実現することができる。
(1) 2H2+4OH−→4H2O+4e− (燃料側電極2における反応)
(2) O2+2H2O+4e−→4OH− (酸素側電極3における反応)
(3) 2H2+O2→2H2O (燃料電池1全体としての反応)
なお、この燃料電池1の運転条件は、特に限定されないが、例えば、燃料側電極2側の
加圧が200kPa以下、好ましくは、100kPa以下であり、酸素側電極3側の加圧
が200kPa以下、好ましくは、100kPa以下であり、燃料電池セルSの温度が0
℃以上、好ましくは、20℃以上であり、例えば、120℃以下、好ましくは、80℃以下として設定される。
1.酸素還元触媒の調製
実施例1
シリカ(Cabot製)10gと、Fe(NO3)3・9H2O(SIGMA社製)2.5gと、配位子としてのピペミド酸(SIGMA社製)25gとを、ボールミル(500rpm)により60分間乾式混合した。
ピペミド酸に代えて、アミノベンズイミダゾール(SIGMA社製)25gを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、酸素還元触媒を得た。
<膜電極接合体の製造>
各実施例および各比較例において得られた酸素還元触媒(カソード触媒)と、アニオン交換樹脂との混合物を、アルコール類などの有機溶媒に適宜分散させて、カソード触媒インクを調製した。なお、全てのインクにおいて、遷移金属触媒の含有量が1μg/μLとなるように調製した。
<発電特性の測定>
燃料電池評価セル(ラボセル、ダイハツ工業社製)に、各実施例および比較例で得られた膜電極接合体をセットして、アノード側へ1MのKOHと20体積%濃度の水加ヒドラジンとの混合溶液を、カソード側へ空気を、それぞれ2cc/minおよび0.5L/minの流速で供給して、電子負荷装置(890e、Scribner Associates社製)で電流密度を制御して、そのときのセルの電圧および出力密度を測定した。
セル温度;80℃
背圧;アノード:10kPa、カソード:60kPa
その結果を図2および図3に示す。
(考察)
図2および図3より、各実施例において得られた酸素還元触媒を用いれば、各比較例において得られた酸素還元触媒を用いる場合に比べ、高電流を安定して得られることがわかる。
2 燃料側電極
3 酸素側電極
4 電解質層
Claims (4)
- ピペミド酸系配位子が遷移金属に配位された遷移金属錯体を焼成することにより得られる焼成体を含有していることを特徴とする酸素還元触媒。
- 前記遷移金属が、鉄であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸素還元触媒。
- 前記ピペミド酸系配位子が、ピペミド酸であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の酸素還元触媒。
- アニオン成分を移動させることができる電解質と、
前記電解質を挟んで対向配置された燃料側電極および酸素側電極と
を備え、
前記酸素側電極は、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の酸素還元触媒を含有していること
を特徴とする、燃料電池。
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US20080076008A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-03-27 | Junichi Ozaki | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and fuel cell using the same |
JP2010015972A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-21 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 熱処理した配位高分子金属錯体を用いた燃料電池用触媒、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池、並びに酸化還元触媒。 |
WO2011122399A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
JP2011235231A (ja) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-24 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 酸素還元触媒および燃料電池 |
JP2012110839A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-14 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 触媒組成物 |
JP2012115759A (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 変性物 |
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 JP JP2014127073A patent/JP6382590B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080076008A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-03-27 | Junichi Ozaki | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and fuel cell using the same |
JP2010015972A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-21 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 熱処理した配位高分子金属錯体を用いた燃料電池用触媒、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池、並びに酸化還元触媒。 |
WO2011122399A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
JP2011235231A (ja) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-24 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 酸素還元触媒および燃料電池 |
JP2012110839A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-14 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 触媒組成物 |
JP2012115759A (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 変性物 |
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